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Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions

Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 30 Nisan 2026
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Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions

Öz

Medical tourism is a rapidly expanding global sector; however, secure cross-border health data sharing remains a critical challenge due to regulatory fragmentation, interoperability limitations, privacy risks, and trust deficits. This study aims to examine how the integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) can address these challenges and enhance secure, patient-centered data exchange in medical tourism. A narrative literature review with a systematic search strategy was conducted across major databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. A total of 180 studies were initially identified, of which 52 sources were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria such as relevance to healthcare data sharing, blockchain/AI applications, and cross-border interoperability. In addition, grey literature from international organizations (OECD, WHO, World Economic Forum) was incorporated to capture real-world implementations and policy perspectives. The findings indicate that blockchain provides secure, decentralized, and immutable data infrastructures enabling traceability, patient-controlled access, and interoperability, while AI enhances predictive analytics, anomaly detection, and decision support. The integration of these technologies creates a synergistic framework that improves data security, reduces administrative burden, and strengthens trust among stakeholders. However, key challenges persist, including scalability issues, regulatory inconsistencies, high implementation costs, and lack of standardized governance frameworks. The study concludes that blockchain-AI integration has significant potential to transform cross-border health data exchange into a secure and efficient system within medical tourism. To realize this potential, coordinated international policies, interoperable standards, and investment in digital health infrastructure are essential. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and technology developers must collaborate to ensure ethical, scalable, and sustainable implementation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. OECD. International Migration Outlook 2024. Paris:OECD Publishing; 2024.
  2. OECD. Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators.Paris: OECD Publishing; 2023.
  3. World Health Organization. Global strategy on digitalhealth 2020–2025. Geneva: World Health Organization;2021.
  4. World Health Organization. Ethics and governance ofartificial intelligence for health: WHO guidance.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
  5. European Union. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of theEuropean Parliament and of the Council of 27 April2016 (General Data Protection Regulation). OfficialJournal of the European Union. 2016.
  6. OECD. Facilitating the secondary use of health data forpublic interest purposes across borders. OECD DigitalEconomy Papers No. 376. Paris: OECD Publishing;2025.
  7. OECD. Blockchain at the frontier: Impacts and issuesin cross-border co-operation and global governance.Paris: OECD Publishing; 2022.
  8. Ahmad RW, Maqsood T, Khan AUR. MedTourChain:a blockchain-powered secure communicationframework for telemedicine in medical tourism.Telecommunication Systems. 2025;88(4):137.doi:10.1007/s11235-025-01370-3

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Derleme

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Nisan 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Ocak 2026

Kabul Tarihi

18 Nisan 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Karcıoğlu, U. B. (2026). Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions. Nuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 33-40. https://izlik.org/JA28CE98SE
AMA
1.Karcıoğlu UB. Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions. Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2026;2(1):33-40. https://izlik.org/JA28CE98SE
Chicago
Karcıoğlu, Ufuk Burak. 2026. “Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions”. Nuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi 2 (1): 33-40. https://izlik.org/JA28CE98SE.
EndNote
Karcıoğlu UB (01 Nisan 2026) Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions. Nuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi 2 1 33–40.
IEEE
[1]U. B. Karcıoğlu, “Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions”, Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 2, sy 1, ss. 33–40, Nis. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA28CE98SE
ISNAD
Karcıoğlu, Ufuk Burak. “Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions”. Nuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi 2/1 (01 Nisan 2026): 33-40. https://izlik.org/JA28CE98SE.
JAMA
1.Karcıoğlu UB. Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions. Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2026;2:33–40.
MLA
Karcıoğlu, Ufuk Burak. “Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions”. Nuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 2, sy 1, Nisan 2026, ss. 33-40, https://izlik.org/JA28CE98SE.
Vancouver
1.Ufuk Burak Karcıoğlu. Blockchain and AI Integration for Secure Cross-Border Health Data Sharing in Medical Tourism: Current Applications and Future Directions. Sağlık Araştırmaları Dergisi [Internet]. 01 Nisan 2026;2(1):33-40. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA28CE98SE