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Sinemada mitin sürekliliği: Norse mitolojisinin kültürel bellek ve endüstri çerçevesinde yeniden anlamlandırılması

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 16, 62 - 76, 31.12.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma, Norse mitolojisinin çağdaş sinema ve televizyon yapımlarında yalnızca bir “hikâye kaynağı” olarak değil, sinema endüstrisinin estetik, anlatısal ve ideolojik dinamikleri tarafından yeniden biçimlendirilen, sürekli dönüşen ve güncel kültürel bağlamlara uyarlanabilen canlı bir anlatı formu olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Çalışmanın merkezî tezi, mitin sinemada pasif biçimde aktarılmadığı; aksine, üretim bağlamı ve sinematik dil aracılığıyla aktif olarak dönüştürüldüğüdür. Avrupa sanat sineması, Hollywood yapımı blockbuster (yüksek bütçeli gişe filmleri) ve uzun soluklu streaming drama (çevrim içi platform dizileri) gibi farklı üretim biçimleri, mitin hangi temalar etrafında yeniden kurgulanacağını, hangi karakter tipolojilerinin ön plana çıkarılacağını ve hangi ideolojik yönelimlerin anlatıya yükleneceğini belirlemektedir. Sinemanın görsel-işitsel araçları, renk paleti, sinematografi, müzik ve kurgu, mitin ritüel boyutunu güçlendirebildiği gibi, onu mizahi ya da ironik yeniden yazımlara da dönüştürebilmektedir. Mitin sinemadaki yeniden üretimi, yalnızca anlatısal düzlemde değil, aynı zamanda seyirci algısını, kültürel kimlik inşasını ve küresel kültürel dolaşımı etkileyen çok katmanlı bir süreçtir. Bu bağlamda, sinema aracılığıyla yeniden kurgulanan mitler hem tarihsel sürekliliğin hem de çağdaş estetik ve ideolojik dönüşümlerin kesişim noktasında konumlanmaktadır. Bu süreçte mit hem kültürel belleğin taşıyıcısı hem de toplumsal cinsiyet, ekoloji ve kimlik gibi güncel meselelerin işlendiği bir anlatı alanı hâline gelmektedir. “Mitin sinemadaki yaşamı”, estetik yeniden üretim ve kültürel yeniden anlamlandırma yoluyla bugünün izleyicisine uyarlanabilme kapasitesinde somutlaşmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Assmann, J. (2011). Cultural memory and early civilization: Writing, remembrance, and political imagination. Cambridge University Press.
  • Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies (A. Lavers, Trans.). Hill and Wang.
  • Bordwell, D., & Thompson, K. (2017). Film art: An introduction (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Braidotti, R. (2013). The posthuman. Polity Press.
  • Byock, J. (2005). Norse mythology. Penguin Classics.
  • Campbell, J. (2008). The hero with a thousand faces (3rd ed.). New World Library. (Original work published 1949)
  • Eggers, R. (Director). (2022). The Northman [Film]. Focus Features.
  • Eliade, M. (1963). Myth and reality (W. R. Trask, Trans.). Harper & Row.
  • Elsaesser, T. (2016). Film history as media archaeology: Tracking digital cinema. Amsterdam University Press.
  • González Iñárritu, A. (Director). (2019). The lighthouse [Film]. A24.
  • Grammaticus, S. (2015). The history of the Danes (P. Fisher & H. R. Ellis Davidson, Trans.; 2 vols.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published c. 1200)
  • Hagi, B., & Sigurosson, B. (Directors). (2013). Of horses and men [Film]. Filmpool Nord.
  • Hirsch, M. (2012). The generation of postmemory: Writing and visual culture after the Holocaust. Columbia University Press.
  • Hutcheon, L. (2013). A theory of adaptation (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. NYU Press.
  • Keller, M. (2023). Cinematic authenticity and the Norse worldview in Robert Eggers’ The Northman. Journal of Scandinavian Cinema, 13(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00086_1
  • Larrington, C. (2017). The Norse myths: A guide to the gods and heroes. Thames & Hudson.
  • Marvel Studios. (2011–2022). Thor [Film series]. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
  • McTiernan, J. (Director). (1999). The 13th warrior [Film]. Touchstone Pictures.
  • Mittell, J. (2015). Complex TV: The poetics of contemporary television storytelling. NYU Press.
  • Miyazaki, H. (Director). (1997). Princess Mononoke [Film]. Studio Ghibli.
  • Price, N. (2020). Children of Ash and Elm: A history of the Vikings. Basic Books.
  • Ragnarok. (2020–). [TV series]. Netflix.
  • Refn, N. W. (Director). (2009). Valhalla Rising [Film]. Nimbus Film.
  • Sanders, J. (2006). Adaptation and appropriation. Routledge.
  • Sanders, C., DeBlois, D., & Arnold, T. (Directors). (2010–2019). How to train your dragon [Film series]. DreamWorks Animation.
  • Snyder, Z. (Director). (2017). Wonder woman [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures.
  • Standen, C., Hirst, M., & de Valera, A. (Creators). (2013–2020). Vikings [TV series]. History Channel.
  • Stevenson, D., DeBlois, C., & Arnold, T. (Directors). (2010–2019). How to train your dragon [Film series]. DreamWorks Animation.
  • Stuart, J., & de Valera, A. (Creators). (2022–). Vikings: Valhalla [TV series]. Netflix.
  • The Last Kingdom. (2015–2022). [TV series]. BBC/Netflix.
  • The Viking. (1928). [Film]. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
  • Von Trier, L. (Director). (2011). Melancholia [Film]. Zentropa.
  • Waititi, T. (Director). (2017). Thor: Ragnarok [Film]. Marvel Studios.
  • Zemeckis, R. (Director). (2007). Beowulf [Film]. Paramount Pictures.

The continuity of myth in cinema: Re-signifying Norse mythology within the framework of cultural memory and industry

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 16, 62 - 76, 31.12.2025

Öz

This study argues that Norse mythology, in contemporary film and television productions, is not merely a “narrative source” but a living narrative form that is continually reshaped, transformed, and adapted to present-day cultural contexts by the aesthetic, narrative, and ideological dynamics of the cinema industry. The central thesis of the study is that myth is not transmitted passively in cinema; rather, it is actively transformed through production context and cinematic language. Different modes of production, European art cinema, Hollywood blockbusters (high-budget commercial films), and long-form streaming dramas (online platform series), determine which themes are reconfigured, which character typologies are foregrounded, and which ideological orientations are embedded in the narrative. The audiovisual tools of cinema, colour palette, cinematography, music, and editing, can enhance the ritual dimension of myth or turn it into humorous or ironic rewritings. The reproduction of myth on screen operates not only at the narrative level but also as a multilayered process shaping audience perception, cultural identity construction, and the global circulation of culture. In this respect, myths reimagined through cinema occupy the intersection of historical continuity and contemporary aesthetic and ideological transformations. In this process, myth becomes both a vehicle of cultural memory and a narrative arena for current issues such as gender, ecology, and identity. The “life of myth in cinema” thus materialises as an ongoing practice of resignification, through which ancestral cosmologies are continually reconfigured to address contemporary anxieties and to inscribe new cultural meanings.

Kaynakça

  • Assmann, J. (2011). Cultural memory and early civilization: Writing, remembrance, and political imagination. Cambridge University Press.
  • Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies (A. Lavers, Trans.). Hill and Wang.
  • Bordwell, D., & Thompson, K. (2017). Film art: An introduction (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Braidotti, R. (2013). The posthuman. Polity Press.
  • Byock, J. (2005). Norse mythology. Penguin Classics.
  • Campbell, J. (2008). The hero with a thousand faces (3rd ed.). New World Library. (Original work published 1949)
  • Eggers, R. (Director). (2022). The Northman [Film]. Focus Features.
  • Eliade, M. (1963). Myth and reality (W. R. Trask, Trans.). Harper & Row.
  • Elsaesser, T. (2016). Film history as media archaeology: Tracking digital cinema. Amsterdam University Press.
  • González Iñárritu, A. (Director). (2019). The lighthouse [Film]. A24.
  • Grammaticus, S. (2015). The history of the Danes (P. Fisher & H. R. Ellis Davidson, Trans.; 2 vols.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published c. 1200)
  • Hagi, B., & Sigurosson, B. (Directors). (2013). Of horses and men [Film]. Filmpool Nord.
  • Hirsch, M. (2012). The generation of postmemory: Writing and visual culture after the Holocaust. Columbia University Press.
  • Hutcheon, L. (2013). A theory of adaptation (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. NYU Press.
  • Keller, M. (2023). Cinematic authenticity and the Norse worldview in Robert Eggers’ The Northman. Journal of Scandinavian Cinema, 13(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00086_1
  • Larrington, C. (2017). The Norse myths: A guide to the gods and heroes. Thames & Hudson.
  • Marvel Studios. (2011–2022). Thor [Film series]. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
  • McTiernan, J. (Director). (1999). The 13th warrior [Film]. Touchstone Pictures.
  • Mittell, J. (2015). Complex TV: The poetics of contemporary television storytelling. NYU Press.
  • Miyazaki, H. (Director). (1997). Princess Mononoke [Film]. Studio Ghibli.
  • Price, N. (2020). Children of Ash and Elm: A history of the Vikings. Basic Books.
  • Ragnarok. (2020–). [TV series]. Netflix.
  • Refn, N. W. (Director). (2009). Valhalla Rising [Film]. Nimbus Film.
  • Sanders, J. (2006). Adaptation and appropriation. Routledge.
  • Sanders, C., DeBlois, D., & Arnold, T. (Directors). (2010–2019). How to train your dragon [Film series]. DreamWorks Animation.
  • Snyder, Z. (Director). (2017). Wonder woman [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures.
  • Standen, C., Hirst, M., & de Valera, A. (Creators). (2013–2020). Vikings [TV series]. History Channel.
  • Stevenson, D., DeBlois, C., & Arnold, T. (Directors). (2010–2019). How to train your dragon [Film series]. DreamWorks Animation.
  • Stuart, J., & de Valera, A. (Creators). (2022–). Vikings: Valhalla [TV series]. Netflix.
  • The Last Kingdom. (2015–2022). [TV series]. BBC/Netflix.
  • The Viking. (1928). [Film]. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
  • Von Trier, L. (Director). (2011). Melancholia [Film]. Zentropa.
  • Waititi, T. (Director). (2017). Thor: Ragnarok [Film]. Marvel Studios.
  • Zemeckis, R. (Director). (2007). Beowulf [Film]. Paramount Pictures.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Medya Endüstrisi Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Serap Sarıbaş 0000-0002-4079-8024

Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 16

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarıbaş, S. (2025). The continuity of myth in cinema: Re-signifying Norse mythology within the framework of cultural memory and industry. NOSYON: Uluslararası Toplum ve Kültür Çalışmaları Dergisi(16), 62-76.

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