Almanya'nın İsrail ile Özel İlişkisi ve Son Gazze Savaşı

Öz

Almanya'nın İsrail'e yönelik dış politikası, Holokost'tan kaynaklanan tarihi ve ahlaki sorumluluğuyla şekillenmiş olup, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde Alman hükümetleri Alman ulusal rol anlayışının temel bir unsuru olarak İsrail ile özel bir ilişki kurmuştur. Almanya, ayrıca kendisine İsrail'in koruyucusu rolünü üstlenmiş ve Alman devletinin varlık gerekçelerinden biri (Staatsraison) olarak İsrail'in güvenliğini sağlamayı taahhüt etmiştir. Aslında Almanya’nın İsrail’e bu desteği şartsız veya limitsiz değildir ve Almanya, Avrupa Birliği'nin kurucu üyesi olarak dış politikalarını diğer Avrupa ülkeleriyle uyumlu hale getirmiştir. Ancak tüm bunlara rağmen, İsrail ile bu özel ilişkisi Almanya'nın dış politikasını, özellikle Filistin-İsrail çatışmasına yönelik dış politikasını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Ekim 2023'te başlayan felaket niteliğindeki Gazze savaşı, Almanya'nın İsrail ile olan özel ilişkisini bir kez daha test etmiştir. Filistin halkının uğradığı önemli kayıplara rağmen, Almanya, İsrail'in kendini savunma hakkını onaylayarak, BM kararlarında İsrail'i destekleyerek, İsrail'e silah ihracatını artırarak ve uluslararası platformda İsrail'i destekleyerek İsrail'e güçlü bir destek vermiştir. Ancak, bu politikalar Almanya'nın uluslararası imajını tehlikeye atmış ve Almanya’ya yönelik ahlaki ve stratejik körlük eleştirilerini artırmıştır. Bu makale, Kalevi Holsti'nin (1970) ulusal rol anlayışını kavramsal bir çerçeve olarak kullanarak, Almanya’nın İsrail ile özel ilişkisinin ve Staatsräson'un Almanya'nın son Gazze savaşına yönelik dış politikası üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Koşulsuz ve sınırsız olmasa da, son Gazze Savaşı, Almanya’nın İsrail ile on yıllar boyunca güçlenen ve derinleşen özel ilişkisinin sert eleştiriler karşısında bile son derece sağlam olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alman dış politikası
• Almanya İsrail İlşkileri
• Staatsraison
• Gazze Savaşı
• Ulusal rol algısı

Germany's Special Relationship with Israel and the Recent Gaza War

Abstract

German foreign policy towards Israel has been shaped by its historical and moral responsibility stemming from the Holocaust, with German governments creating a special relationship with Israel as a fundamental aspect of the post-war German national role conception. Germany has also assigned itself the role of a protector of Israel and committed to ensuring Israel’s security as a component of Germany’s reason of state (Staatsraison). Although this support has not been absolute or limitless and Germany has, as a founding member of the European Union, aligned its foreign policies with other European countries, this special relationship has nonetheless significantly influenced German foreign policy, particularly concerning the Palestine-Israel conflict. The catastrophic Gaza war that started in October 2023 has once again tested Germany’s special relationship with Israel. Despite substantial casualties on the Palestinian side, Germany has given strong support to Israel by affirming its right to self-defense, endorsing Israel in UN resolutions, increasing its arms exports to Israel, and supporting Israel in the international arena. However, these policies have jeopardized Germany’s international image and provoked extensive criticisms of moral and strategic blindness. This article seeks to analyze the impact of the special relationship and Staatsräson on Germany’s foreign policy towards the recent Gaza war, using Kalevi Holsti’s (1970) national role conception as a conceptual framework. While not unconditional and unlimited, the recent Gaza War demonstrates that Germany’s special relationship with Israel, which has been strengthened and deepened over decades, remains intact, even in the face of harsh criticism.

Keywords

• German foreign policy
• German-Israeli relations
• Staatsraison
• Gaza War
• national role conception

Kaynakça

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