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The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 10 - 122, 29.12.2019

Öz

The Doha Round or the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), which was officially launched in 2001, is the very first trade round of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Since developed and developing countries have different priorities and interests, the Doha Round has witnessed a series of deadlocks over ten years until the Bali Ministerial Conference in 2013. The first deadlock occurred at the Cancún Ministerial Conference in 2003. The primary points of dispute between developed and developing countries were agriculture and the so-called Singapore issues. This study investigates the Cancún Ministerial Conference as it is a remarkable example of how participant countries strive to secure their interests even at the expense of the collapse of the multilateral trade negotiations. In that regard, this study aims to examine the opposing negotiation behaviour has witnessed and determine how their insistence on different proposals lead to the failure of trade negotiations in Cancún. The primary argument of this study is that developing countries’ common stance and the creation of so-called G-20under the leadership of Brazil, along with India and China, prove the triumph of these countries as they succeeded to block any agreement that disrupts their interests at the Cancún Ministerial Conference. Although the Cancún failure damages the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, developing countries appreciate their coherent coalition strategies, which trigger the shift in the balance of power within the WTO in their favour.

Kaynakça

  • Ahnlid, A. and Elgström, O. (2014). Challenging the European Union: the rising powers and the USA in the Doha Round. Contemporary Politics, 20 (1), 77-89.
  • Andersson, E. (2012). Who Needs Effective Doha Negotiations, and Why?. International Negotiation, 17, 189-209.
  • BBC News (2003). World trade talks collapse[Online], 15th September. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3108460.stm
  • Biores (2003). World Trade Talks Collapse in Cancun [Online]. Available from: http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/biores/news/world-trade-talks-collapse-in-cancun
  • Bridges Daily Updates (2003). Cancun Collapse: Where There’s No Will There’s No Way [Online]. Available from: http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/bridges-daily-update-6-cancun-collapse-where-theres-no-will-theres-no-way
  • Catholic Agency for Overseas Development (2003). The Cancun WTO Ministerial Meeting, September 2003 What Happened? What does it mean for Development?. TD/TC/CSO/RD (2003)6 [Online]. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/tad/xcred/16686227.pdf
  • Economic and Political Weekly (2003). India's Negotiating Strategy for Cancun, 38 (34), 3528-3529.
  • Efstathopoulos, C. (2012). Leadership in the WTO: Brazil, India and the Doha development agenda. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 25 (2), 269-293.
  • Gomes Pereira, M.W., Teixeira, E.C. and Raszap-Skorbiansky, S. (2010). Impacts of the Doha Round on Brazilian, Chinese and Indian agribusiness. China Economic Review, 21, 256-271.
  • Hay, C. (2007). Keynote Article: What Doesn't Kill You Can Only Make You Stronger: The Doha Development Round, the Services Directive and the EU's Conception of Competitiveness*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 45, 25-43.
  • Hoekman, B. (2014). Sustaining multilateral trade cooperation in a multipolar world economy. The Review of International Organizations, 9, 241-260.
  • Jawara, F. and Kwa, A. (2004). Behind the scenes at the WTO: the real world of international trade negotiations the lessons of Cancun. Updated Edition.London; New York, Zed Books.
  • Koopmann, G. (2005). Doha Development Round Perspectives. Intereconomics, 40 (4), 235-240.
  • Mori, K. (2004). The Cancun Breakdown and the WTO’s Doha Development Agenda in Global Governance. International Politics, 41, 394-414.
  • Muralidharan, S. (2005). Development Deficit Agenda of Doha Round. Economic and Political Weekly, 40 (52), 5450-5453.
  • Narlikar, A. (2004). The ministerial process and power dynamics in the World Trade Organization: understanding failure from Seattle to Cancún. New Political Economy, 9 (3), 413-428.
  • Narlikar, A. (2010). New powers in the club: the challenges of global trade governance. International Affairs, 86 (3), 717-728.
  • Narlikar, A. and Priyadarshi, S. (2014). Empowering the poor? The successes and limitations of the Bali Package for ldcs. Third World Quarterly, 35(6), 1051-1065.
  • Narlikar, A. and Tussie, D. (2004). The G20 at the Cancun Ministerial: Developing Countries and Their Evolving Coalitions in the WTO. World Economy, 27 (7), 947-966.
  • Narlikar, A. and Wilkinson, R. (2004). Collapse at the WTO: a Cancun Post‐Mortem. Third World Quarterly, 25 (3), 447-460.
  • Wilkinson, R. (2014). What’s Wrong with the WTO and How to Fix it. Cambridge, UK; Malden, USA: Polity Press.
  • WTO (2003) Cover Letter of the draft Cancun Ministerial Text [online], 31 Agust. Available from: https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min03_e/draft_decl_covletter_e.htm
  • Young, A. R. (2010) ‘‘Transatlantic intransigence in the Doha Round: domestic politics and the difficulty of compromise’’. In Narlikar, A. (ed.) Deadlocks in Multilateral Negotiations: Causes and Solutions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 123-141.

Cancún'da Çok Taraflı Ticaret Müzakerelerinin Çöküşü

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 10 - 122, 29.12.2019

Öz

2003 yılında resmi olarak başlatılan Doha Turu ya da Doha Kalkınma Gündemi Müzakereleri, Dünya Ticaret Örgütü (DTÖ) bünyesinde düzenlenen ilk çok taraflı ticaret müzakereleri turudur. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin farklı öncelik ve çıkarlara sahip olması dolayısıyla Doha Turu, 2013 Bali Bakanlar Konferansı’na kadar, on yılı aşkın bir süre boyunca devam eden tıkanmalara sahne olmuştur. Doha Turu ticaret müzakerelerinde ilk tıkanıklık 2003 yılında gerçekleştirilen Cancún Bakanlar Konferansı’nda yaşanmıştır. Bu konferansın başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmasının nedeni, tarım ve Singapur konularının gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında temel anlaşmazlık noktaları olarak ortaya çıkmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Cancún Bakanlar Konferansı’nın incelenme nedeni, bu konferansın, katılımcı ülkelerin ticaret müzakerelerinin başarısız olması pahasına da olsa kendi çıkarlarını koruma konusundaki tutumlarını sürdürmeleri bakımından önemli bir örnek sunmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada amaçlanan, söz konusu ülkelerin çatışan müzakere tutumlarını incelemek ve bu ülkelerin farklı öneriler üzerinde sürdürdükleri ısrar ve kararlılığın Cancún’da gerçekleştirilen ticaret müzakerelerinin başarısız olmasına nasıl etki ettiğini tespit etmektir. Bu çalışmanın ana argümanı, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin karşılaştıkları zorluklar karşısında ortak bir duruş benimsemelerinin ve G-20 koalisyonunu oluşturmalarının onların Cancún Bakanlar Konferansı’ndaki zaferlerini gösterir nitelikte olduğudur. Brezilya liderliğinde, Çin ve Hindistan’ın da desteğiyle, kurulan G-20 gelişmekte olan ülkelere kendi çıkarlarına ters düşen herhangi bir anlaşmayı engelleyebilme olanağı tanımıştır. Cancún’da gerçekleşen tıkanıklık her ne kadar Doha Turu çok taraflı ticaret müzakerelerine zarar verse de, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin başarılı koalisyon stratejileri DTÖ içerisindeki güç dengesini kendileri lehine çevirmeyi başardıklarının bir göstergesi niteliğindedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahnlid, A. and Elgström, O. (2014). Challenging the European Union: the rising powers and the USA in the Doha Round. Contemporary Politics, 20 (1), 77-89.
  • Andersson, E. (2012). Who Needs Effective Doha Negotiations, and Why?. International Negotiation, 17, 189-209.
  • BBC News (2003). World trade talks collapse[Online], 15th September. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3108460.stm
  • Biores (2003). World Trade Talks Collapse in Cancun [Online]. Available from: http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/biores/news/world-trade-talks-collapse-in-cancun
  • Bridges Daily Updates (2003). Cancun Collapse: Where There’s No Will There’s No Way [Online]. Available from: http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/bridges-daily-update-6-cancun-collapse-where-theres-no-will-theres-no-way
  • Catholic Agency for Overseas Development (2003). The Cancun WTO Ministerial Meeting, September 2003 What Happened? What does it mean for Development?. TD/TC/CSO/RD (2003)6 [Online]. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/tad/xcred/16686227.pdf
  • Economic and Political Weekly (2003). India's Negotiating Strategy for Cancun, 38 (34), 3528-3529.
  • Efstathopoulos, C. (2012). Leadership in the WTO: Brazil, India and the Doha development agenda. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 25 (2), 269-293.
  • Gomes Pereira, M.W., Teixeira, E.C. and Raszap-Skorbiansky, S. (2010). Impacts of the Doha Round on Brazilian, Chinese and Indian agribusiness. China Economic Review, 21, 256-271.
  • Hay, C. (2007). Keynote Article: What Doesn't Kill You Can Only Make You Stronger: The Doha Development Round, the Services Directive and the EU's Conception of Competitiveness*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 45, 25-43.
  • Hoekman, B. (2014). Sustaining multilateral trade cooperation in a multipolar world economy. The Review of International Organizations, 9, 241-260.
  • Jawara, F. and Kwa, A. (2004). Behind the scenes at the WTO: the real world of international trade negotiations the lessons of Cancun. Updated Edition.London; New York, Zed Books.
  • Koopmann, G. (2005). Doha Development Round Perspectives. Intereconomics, 40 (4), 235-240.
  • Mori, K. (2004). The Cancun Breakdown and the WTO’s Doha Development Agenda in Global Governance. International Politics, 41, 394-414.
  • Muralidharan, S. (2005). Development Deficit Agenda of Doha Round. Economic and Political Weekly, 40 (52), 5450-5453.
  • Narlikar, A. (2004). The ministerial process and power dynamics in the World Trade Organization: understanding failure from Seattle to Cancún. New Political Economy, 9 (3), 413-428.
  • Narlikar, A. (2010). New powers in the club: the challenges of global trade governance. International Affairs, 86 (3), 717-728.
  • Narlikar, A. and Priyadarshi, S. (2014). Empowering the poor? The successes and limitations of the Bali Package for ldcs. Third World Quarterly, 35(6), 1051-1065.
  • Narlikar, A. and Tussie, D. (2004). The G20 at the Cancun Ministerial: Developing Countries and Their Evolving Coalitions in the WTO. World Economy, 27 (7), 947-966.
  • Narlikar, A. and Wilkinson, R. (2004). Collapse at the WTO: a Cancun Post‐Mortem. Third World Quarterly, 25 (3), 447-460.
  • Wilkinson, R. (2014). What’s Wrong with the WTO and How to Fix it. Cambridge, UK; Malden, USA: Polity Press.
  • WTO (2003) Cover Letter of the draft Cancun Ministerial Text [online], 31 Agust. Available from: https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min03_e/draft_decl_covletter_e.htm
  • Young, A. R. (2010) ‘‘Transatlantic intransigence in the Doha Round: domestic politics and the difficulty of compromise’’. In Narlikar, A. (ed.) Deadlocks in Multilateral Negotiations: Causes and Solutions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 123-141.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ayçe Sepli

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sepli, A. (2019). The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 1(2), 10-122.
AMA Sepli A. The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún. Novus Orbis. Aralık 2019;1(2):10-122.
Chicago Sepli, Ayçe. “The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 1, sy. 2 (Aralık 2019): 10-122.
EndNote Sepli A (01 Aralık 2019) The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 1 2 10–122.
IEEE A. Sepli, “The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún”, Novus Orbis, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 10–122, 2019.
ISNAD Sepli, Ayçe. “The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 1/2 (Aralık 2019), 10-122.
JAMA Sepli A. The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún. Novus Orbis. 2019;1:10–122.
MLA Sepli, Ayçe. “The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 10-122.
Vancouver Sepli A. The Collapse of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Cancún. Novus Orbis. 2019;1(2):10-122.