Amerikan Dış Politikasını Anlamak: Teorik Bir Analiz

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 4 - 27, 30.04.2022

Ahmet Ateş

Öz

Uluslararası İlişkiler teorileri açısından, “Amerika ve dünya”yı anlamak çoğunlukla dünya ile ilgilidir: ABD önemli bir aktördür, ancak çoğunlukla uluslararası eğilimlere yanıt olarak hareket etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Amerikan siyaseti teorileri açısından bakıldığında, “Amerika ve dünya” çoğunlukla Amerika ile ilgilidir: Amerikan dış politikası öncelikle iç siyasi kurumların ve bunların yapılandırılmasına yardımcı oldukları siyasi süreçlerin sonucudur. Bu bağlamda, bu makale Amerikan dış politika çalışmalarının kapsamlı bir analizini sağlamak için üç uluslararası ilişkiler teorisi; realizm, liberalizm ve konstrüktivizm ile üç Amerikan siyaseti teorisini; kitle siyaseti, psikolojik açıklamalar ve kurumsal yaklaşımları incelemektedir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda uluslararası ilişkiler teorilerinin Amerikan dış politikasının neden belirli bir şekilde hareket ettiğini açıklarken, Amerikan siyaset teorilerinin Amerikan dış politikasının neden özellikle bu şekilde hareket ettiğini ve neden alternatif bir şekilde hareket etmediğini açıkladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, uluslararası ilişkiler teorilerinin Amerikan dış politikasındaki genel eğilimleri açıklamak hususunda başarılı olduğu, Amerikan siyaset teorilerinin ise Amerikan dış politikasının karmaşıklığını daha iyi analiz ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dış Politika, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Realizm, Liberalizm, Kamuoyu

Understanding US Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Analysis

Öz

From the point of view of International Relations theory, understanding “America and the world” is mostly about the world: the U.S. is an important actor, but it acts mostly in response to international trends. However, from the point of view of theories of American politics and domestic politics theories of foreign policy, “America and the world” is mostly about America: American actions are primarily the result of domestic political institutions and the political processes they help to structure. In that manner, this articles surveys three selected theories of International relations namely, realism, liberalism and constructivism and three selected theories of American politics namely, mass politics, psychological explanations, and institutional approaches to provide a thorough analysis of US foreign policy studies. Further, it argues that international relations theories usually explain why US foreign policy acts in a particular way while American politics theories explain why US foreign policy specifically acts that way and why it does not act in an alternative way. Hence, this article argues that while international relations theories are useful to explain general trends in US foreign policy, American politics theories are better to capture the complexity of US foreign policy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Foreign Policy, United States of America, Realism, Liberalism, Public Opinion

Kaynakça

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