İklim Değişikliğinin Rusya'nın Arktik Bölgesindeki Enerji Politikalarına Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 29 - 54, 30.06.2024

Ferdi Güçyetmez Sina Kısacık

Öz

Sanayi devrimi sonrasında kutup buzullarının altındaki enerj kaynakları, küresel güç olmak için daha da önemli hale geldi. Açığa çıkartılan enerjinin kullanımı kadar bu enerjinin güvenliğini sağlamak da ülkeler açısından oldukça zorlu bir süreç. Ancak son dönemde bu zorluklara bir yenisi daha eklendi: İklim Değişikliği. Yeni küresel sistemde Arktik merkezli inşa edilen yeni politikalar üç önemli durumu da kapsamak zorunda: İklim, güvenlik ve enerji.
Rusya, Kuzey Kutup Dairesi’ndeki en uzun sınıra sahip ülke. Rusya’nın Arktik bölgesindeki mücadelesi sadece enerji elde etmek değil, aynı zamanda bu enerjiyi korumak ve limanlara güvenli bir şekilde ulaştırmaktır. Bu nedenle Rusya’nın, ulusal sınırları için hayati önem taşıyan iklim ve jeopolitik değişiklikleri göz ardı etmeden güvenlik politikaları oluşturması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Rusya’nın enerji güvenliği, iklim ve jeopolitik değişikliklerin Arktik bölgesi üzerindeki etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak analiz edilecektir. Odak noktası Arktik bölgeden değerli madenler ve enerji taşımacılığı olacak. Araştırma sorusu ise, Rusya, iklim değişikliği ve jeopolitik güvenlik gibi ikili zorluklara yanıt olarak, değerli minerallerin ve enerji kaynaklarının çıkarılması ve taşınmasına odaklanarak Arktik bölgesindeki enerji güvenliği politikalarını nasıl uyarlıyor? Çerçevesinde olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kuzey Kutup Dairesi, İklim Değişikliği, Enerji Politikaları, Rusya, Arktik Jeopolitiği

The Impact of Climate and Geopolitical Changes on Russia’s Energy Policies in The Arctic Region

Öz

After the Industrial Revolution, the energy resources under the polar ice sheets became even more important for becoming a global power. Providing the security of this energy, as well as its utilisation, is a very challenging process for countries. However, a new challenge has recently been added to these challenges: The Climate Crisis. In the new global system, new Arctic-centred policies must cover three important issues: Climate, security and energy.
Russia has the longest border in the Arctic Circle. Russia’s challenge in the Arctic is not only to extract energy but also to protect it and deliver it safely to ports. Therefore, Russia needs to formulate security policies without ignoring geopolitics and climate, which are of vital importance for its national borders. In this study, Russia’s new energy security will be analysed by considering the effects of climate and geopolitics changes on the Arctic region. The focus will be on valuable minerals and energy transportation from the Arctic region. The research question is: How is Russia adapting its energy security policies in the Arctic region in response to the dual challenges of climate change and geopolitical security, focusing on the extraction and transportation of precious minerals and energy resources?

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arctic Circle, Climate Change, Energy Policies, Russia, Arctic geopolitics

Kaynakça

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