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Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 25 - 55, 26.07.2025

Öz

This study tries to comprehend and evaluate the significance of the Cyprus problem in Türkiye’s relations with the EU. In this sense, it aims to ascertain any potential shifts in the EU’s stance towards Cyprus and to elucidate the specific issues that the EU prioritized across several periods. Therefore, the EU’s 1998-2024 (except one not prepared in 2017) progress reports have undergone content analysis. It has been observed that the Cyprus issue has been discussed in every report and this situation proves how much the EU has given its importance to the issue. Within this framework, the concept of bottom-up Europeanization has been employed as a conceptual framework to explain the EU’s stance on the Cyprus issue. It is apparent that the Greek Cyprus, with Greece’s assistance, effectively transferred the Cyprus issue to the EU level, and no EU reports criticize Greece or the Greek Cyprus for their problem-solving efforts. Rather, most reports state that Türkiye and the Turkish Cypriots are the primary causes of the issue.

Kaynakça

  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2021). Kıbrıs'ta Rumların gerçekleştirdiği 'Kanlı Noel' katliamının üzerinden 58 yıl geçti. Erişim: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kibrista-rumlarin-gerceklestirdigi-kanli-noel-katliaminin-uzerinden-58-yil-gecti/2452203
  • Aybet, G. (2006). “Turkey and the EU After the First Year of Negotiations: Reconciling Internal and External Policy Challenges.” Security Dialogue 37(4):529–49. doi: 10.1177/0967010606072947.
  • Barysch, K. (2010). “Turkey and the EU: Can Stalemate Be Avoided?” Center for European Reform.
  • Beyatlı, D. (2011). “The EU and the Turkish Cypriots.” James Ker-Lindsay , Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers): 134-153
  • Bulmer, S. J., and C. M. Radaelli. (2004). The Europeanisation of National Policy? Queens University Belfast.
  • Çalış, Ş. H., and Kısmet M.. (2017). “Algı ve Yanılgı: Ab Normları, Türkiye’nin Üyeliği ve AK Parti’nin Rolü.” Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 25(2):1–39.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2022). Kıbrıs Meselesinin Tarihçesi, BM Müzakerelerinin Başlangıcı Erişim: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/kibris-meselesinin-tarihcesi_-bm-muzakerelerinin-baslangici.tr.mfa
  • Diril, B. (2024) Ortaklıktan üyeliğe Avrupa Birliği'nin Kıbrıs politikası. (Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 872)
  • Erdoğan, H. (2016). “Kıbrıs Meselesinin Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerine Etkileri.” Akademik Hassasiyetler 3(5): 136-161.
  • European Commission (1998). 1998 Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (1999). 1999 Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2000). 2000 Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2001). 2001 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2002). 2002 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2003). 2003 Regular on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2004). 2004 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2005). Turkey 2005 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2006). Turkey 2006 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2007). Turkey 2007 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2008). Turkey 2008 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2009). Turkey 2009 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2010). Turkey 2010 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2011). Turkey 2011 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2012). Turkey 2012 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2013). Turkey 2013 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2014). Turkey Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2015). Turkey 2015 Report.
  • European Commission (2016). Turkey 2016 Report.
  • European Commission (2018). Turkey 2018 Report.
  • European Commission (2019). Turkey 2019 Report.
  • European Commission (2020). Turkey 2020 Report.
  • European Commission (2021). Turkey 2021 Report.
  • European Commission (2022). Türkiye 2022 Report.
  • European Commission (2023). Türkiye 2023 Report.
  • European Commission (2024). Türkiye 2024 Report.
  • Faustmann, H., and Sözen A. (2023). “Cyprus: Political Developments and Data in 2022: The Two Sides Drifting Further Apart.” European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook, 62: 87–111.
  • Faustmann, H. (2011). “The Cyprus Issue after Accession.” James Ker-Lindsay , Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers):154-80.
  • Göksel, D. N. (2011). “Europe and Turkey — Back to the Future?” GMF Analysis.
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2008). “Greek and Greek Cypriot Views of Turkey’s Accession to the European Union: On the Endurance of a Spectacular Paradigmatic Shift.” Meltem Müftüler-Bac and Yannis A. Stivachtis (eds.), Turkey-European Relations: Dilemmas, Opportunities, and Constraints. (Lanham: Lexington Books.): 151-167
  • Gül, A. (2014). “17 Aralık 2002 Salı Başbakan Abdullah Gül’ün, Kopenhag’da, Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin Devlet Başkanları ve Hükümet Başkanlarının Katıldığı Zirve Toplantısına İlişkin Gündem Dışı Açıklaması.”
  • Hatip, E. (2018). AB Karar Alma Mekanizmalarında Kıbrıs Sorunu ve Sürecin Sonu Annan Belgesi (1990-2004). Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 1(1), 74-98.
  • Hermann, C. (2007). “Neoliberalism in the European Union.” Studies in Political Economy, 79(1):61–90.
  • Holsti, K. J. (1964). “The Concept of Power in the Study of International Relations.” Background, 7(4):179-94.
  • Hürsoy, S., and Çöllüoğlu, M. Ö. (2022). “Ontological (in) Security in the EU: The Case of Cyprus.” Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 21(1):167–93.
  • Kaliber, A. (2016). “Turkey’s Cyprus Policy: A Case of Contextual Europeanisation.” Çiğdem Nas and Yonca Özer (eds.) Turkey and the European Union. (Routledge.): 225-41
  • Karaca, Y. E., Osman Karacan, and Fatih Yaşar. (2022). “An Evaluation of the Impact of the Cyprus Issue on Turkey-EU Relations.” Quantrade Journal of Complex Systems in Social Sciences, 4(2):51-61.
  • Karatas, E. (2011). “The Politics of Accession.” James Ker-Lindsay, Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers):13-41
  • Kaya, F. (2018). “Türkiye’nin AB Üyeliği Açısından Kıbrıs Sorunu.” Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (66):184-95.
  • Leyen, v. D. (2021). “EU Will ‘never, Ever’ Accept Two-State Deal on Cyprus”. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-will-never-ever-accept-two-state-deal-cyprus-2021-07-08/ (25 October 2023)
  • Mor, H. (2008). “Kıbrıs Sorununun Türkiye-AB İlişkilerine Endekslenmesi Süreci.” Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12(1):983–1026.
  • Mullen, F. (2011). “Economic Impact of Membership.” James Ker-Lindsay, Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers):65-88.
  • Müftüler-Bac, M. (1999). “The Cyprus Debacle: What the Future Holds.” Futures 31(6):559–75.
  • Nas, Ç, and Yonca Ö. (2017). Turkey and EU Integration: Achievements and Obstacles. (Taylor & Francis).
  • Noutcheva, G., and Aydın-Düzgit, S. 2020. “Lost in Europeanisation: The Western Balkans and Turkey.” Pp. 59–78 in From Europeanisation to Diffusion. Routledge.
  • Olsen, J. P. (2002). “The Many Faces of Europeanization.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 40(5):921–52
  • Öniş, Z. (2010). “Contestıng for the ‘Center’: Domestıc Politics, Identity Conflicts and the Controversy Over EU Membership in Turkey.” Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 18(3):361-376
  • Skoutaris, N. (2011). “Legal Aspects of Membership.” James Ker-Lindsay, Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers):42-64
  • Stivachtis, Y. A. (2000). “The Enlargement of the European Union: The Case of Cyprus.” Working Papers, https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/isa/sty01/
  • Thi Thuy Hang, N.. (2015). “Europeanization: Simply a Top-Down Process?” Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 19(1):135–51.
  • Ulusoy, K. (2008). “Turkey and the EU: Democratization, Civil-Military Relations, and the Cyprus Issue.” Insight Turkey 10 (4):51–76.
  • Wong, R., and Hill, C. (2011). National and European Foreign Policies Towards Europeanization. (London: Routledge).

AB’nin Türkiye’ye İlişkin Periyodik İlerleme Raporlarından Kıbrıs Sorununun İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 25 - 55, 26.07.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma, Kıbrıs sorununun Türkiye’nin AB ile ilişkilerindeki önemini anlamaya ve değerlendirmeye çalışmaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma AB’nin Kıbrıs’a yönelik tutumundaki olası değişimleri tespit etmeyi ve Kıbrıs sorunu kapsamında AB’nin çeşitli dönemlerde öncelik verdiği konuları aydınlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, AB’nin 1998-2024 (2017’de hazırlanmayan bir rapor hariç) yılları arasında hazırladığı ilerleme raporları içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz edilen her rapor Kıbrıs konusuna değinmiş ve bu durum AB’nin konuya ne kadar önem verdiğini göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda, Aşağıdan Yukarıya Avrupalılaşma kavramı, AB’nin Kıbrıs sorununa yönelik tutumunu açıklamak için kavramsal çerçeve olarak kullanılmıştır. Kıbrıs Rum Kesimi, Yunanistan’ın da yardımıyla, Kıbrıs sorununu etkili bir şekilde AB düzeyine taşımıştır. AB’nin Türkiye için hazırladığı raporlarda Yunanistan’ı veya Kıbrıs Rum Kesimini sorun çözme çabalarından dolayı eleştirmediği de açıktır. Aksine, ilgili raporlar Türkiye ve Kıbrıslı Türkleri sorunun başlıca sebepleri olduğunu iddia etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2021). Kıbrıs'ta Rumların gerçekleştirdiği 'Kanlı Noel' katliamının üzerinden 58 yıl geçti. Erişim: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kibrista-rumlarin-gerceklestirdigi-kanli-noel-katliaminin-uzerinden-58-yil-gecti/2452203
  • Aybet, G. (2006). “Turkey and the EU After the First Year of Negotiations: Reconciling Internal and External Policy Challenges.” Security Dialogue 37(4):529–49. doi: 10.1177/0967010606072947.
  • Barysch, K. (2010). “Turkey and the EU: Can Stalemate Be Avoided?” Center for European Reform.
  • Beyatlı, D. (2011). “The EU and the Turkish Cypriots.” James Ker-Lindsay , Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers): 134-153
  • Bulmer, S. J., and C. M. Radaelli. (2004). The Europeanisation of National Policy? Queens University Belfast.
  • Çalış, Ş. H., and Kısmet M.. (2017). “Algı ve Yanılgı: Ab Normları, Türkiye’nin Üyeliği ve AK Parti’nin Rolü.” Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 25(2):1–39.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2022). Kıbrıs Meselesinin Tarihçesi, BM Müzakerelerinin Başlangıcı Erişim: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/kibris-meselesinin-tarihcesi_-bm-muzakerelerinin-baslangici.tr.mfa
  • Diril, B. (2024) Ortaklıktan üyeliğe Avrupa Birliği'nin Kıbrıs politikası. (Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 872)
  • Erdoğan, H. (2016). “Kıbrıs Meselesinin Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerine Etkileri.” Akademik Hassasiyetler 3(5): 136-161.
  • European Commission (1998). 1998 Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (1999). 1999 Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2000). 2000 Regular Report from the Commission on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2001). 2001 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2002). 2002 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2003). 2003 Regular on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2004). 2004 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession.
  • European Commission (2005). Turkey 2005 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2006). Turkey 2006 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2007). Turkey 2007 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2008). Turkey 2008 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2009). Turkey 2009 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2010). Turkey 2010 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2011). Turkey 2011 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2012). Turkey 2012 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2013). Turkey 2013 Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2014). Turkey Progress Report.
  • European Commission (2015). Turkey 2015 Report.
  • European Commission (2016). Turkey 2016 Report.
  • European Commission (2018). Turkey 2018 Report.
  • European Commission (2019). Turkey 2019 Report.
  • European Commission (2020). Turkey 2020 Report.
  • European Commission (2021). Turkey 2021 Report.
  • European Commission (2022). Türkiye 2022 Report.
  • European Commission (2023). Türkiye 2023 Report.
  • European Commission (2024). Türkiye 2024 Report.
  • Faustmann, H., and Sözen A. (2023). “Cyprus: Political Developments and Data in 2022: The Two Sides Drifting Further Apart.” European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook, 62: 87–111.
  • Faustmann, H. (2011). “The Cyprus Issue after Accession.” James Ker-Lindsay , Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers):154-80.
  • Göksel, D. N. (2011). “Europe and Turkey — Back to the Future?” GMF Analysis.
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2008). “Greek and Greek Cypriot Views of Turkey’s Accession to the European Union: On the Endurance of a Spectacular Paradigmatic Shift.” Meltem Müftüler-Bac and Yannis A. Stivachtis (eds.), Turkey-European Relations: Dilemmas, Opportunities, and Constraints. (Lanham: Lexington Books.): 151-167
  • Gül, A. (2014). “17 Aralık 2002 Salı Başbakan Abdullah Gül’ün, Kopenhag’da, Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin Devlet Başkanları ve Hükümet Başkanlarının Katıldığı Zirve Toplantısına İlişkin Gündem Dışı Açıklaması.”
  • Hatip, E. (2018). AB Karar Alma Mekanizmalarında Kıbrıs Sorunu ve Sürecin Sonu Annan Belgesi (1990-2004). Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 1(1), 74-98.
  • Hermann, C. (2007). “Neoliberalism in the European Union.” Studies in Political Economy, 79(1):61–90.
  • Holsti, K. J. (1964). “The Concept of Power in the Study of International Relations.” Background, 7(4):179-94.
  • Hürsoy, S., and Çöllüoğlu, M. Ö. (2022). “Ontological (in) Security in the EU: The Case of Cyprus.” Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 21(1):167–93.
  • Kaliber, A. (2016). “Turkey’s Cyprus Policy: A Case of Contextual Europeanisation.” Çiğdem Nas and Yonca Özer (eds.) Turkey and the European Union. (Routledge.): 225-41
  • Karaca, Y. E., Osman Karacan, and Fatih Yaşar. (2022). “An Evaluation of the Impact of the Cyprus Issue on Turkey-EU Relations.” Quantrade Journal of Complex Systems in Social Sciences, 4(2):51-61.
  • Karatas, E. (2011). “The Politics of Accession.” James Ker-Lindsay, Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers):13-41
  • Kaya, F. (2018). “Türkiye’nin AB Üyeliği Açısından Kıbrıs Sorunu.” Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (66):184-95.
  • Leyen, v. D. (2021). “EU Will ‘never, Ever’ Accept Two-State Deal on Cyprus”. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-will-never-ever-accept-two-state-deal-cyprus-2021-07-08/ (25 October 2023)
  • Mor, H. (2008). “Kıbrıs Sorununun Türkiye-AB İlişkilerine Endekslenmesi Süreci.” Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12(1):983–1026.
  • Mullen, F. (2011). “Economic Impact of Membership.” James Ker-Lindsay, Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers):65-88.
  • Müftüler-Bac, M. (1999). “The Cyprus Debacle: What the Future Holds.” Futures 31(6):559–75.
  • Nas, Ç, and Yonca Ö. (2017). Turkey and EU Integration: Achievements and Obstacles. (Taylor & Francis).
  • Noutcheva, G., and Aydın-Düzgit, S. 2020. “Lost in Europeanisation: The Western Balkans and Turkey.” Pp. 59–78 in From Europeanisation to Diffusion. Routledge.
  • Olsen, J. P. (2002). “The Many Faces of Europeanization.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 40(5):921–52
  • Öniş, Z. (2010). “Contestıng for the ‘Center’: Domestıc Politics, Identity Conflicts and the Controversy Over EU Membership in Turkey.” Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 18(3):361-376
  • Skoutaris, N. (2011). “Legal Aspects of Membership.” James Ker-Lindsay, Fiona Mullen and Hubert Faustmann (eds.), An Island in Europe: The EU and the Transformation of Cyprus. (IB Tauris Publishers):42-64
  • Stivachtis, Y. A. (2000). “The Enlargement of the European Union: The Case of Cyprus.” Working Papers, https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/isa/sty01/
  • Thi Thuy Hang, N.. (2015). “Europeanization: Simply a Top-Down Process?” Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 19(1):135–51.
  • Ulusoy, K. (2008). “Turkey and the EU: Democratization, Civil-Military Relations, and the Cyprus Issue.” Insight Turkey 10 (4):51–76.
  • Wong, R., and Hill, C. (2011). National and European Foreign Policies Towards Europeanization. (London: Routledge).
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Avrupa ve Bölge Çalışmaları, Avrupa Birliği, Avrupa Birliği-Türkiye İlişkileri, Avrupa Çalışmaları, Türk Dış Politikası
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yusuf Avar 0000-0001-8507-9579

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Avar, Y. (2025). Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 7(1), 25-55.
AMA Avar Y. Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye. Novus Orbis. Temmuz 2025;7(1):25-55.
Chicago Avar, Yusuf. “Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 7, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2025): 25-55.
EndNote Avar Y (01 Temmuz 2025) Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 7 1 25–55.
IEEE Y. Avar, “Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye”, Novus Orbis, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 25–55, 2025.
ISNAD Avar, Yusuf. “Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 7/1 (Temmuz2025), 25-55.
JAMA Avar Y. Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye. Novus Orbis. 2025;7:25–55.
MLA Avar, Yusuf. “Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 25-55.
Vancouver Avar Y. Examining the Cyprus Issue through the Lens of the EU’s Periodic Progress Reports on Türkiye. Novus Orbis. 2025;7(1):25-5.