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Criticism of Some Linguistic Researches of the Last Half Century About the Kurdish Language with an Emphasis on Gurani/Horami

Yıl 2022, , 199 - 228, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55253/2022.nubihar.1207843

Öz

During the past century, some western linguists such as Mackenzie spoke the language of parts of the people of Kurdistan such as Kandoleh in the northwest of Kermanshah, Bajlani around Sarpol-Zhab, Macho in Qasr-Shirin and Garmian, Shebak, Sarli and Bajoran dialects in Mosul, Zaza in some The southeastern provinces of Turkey and Horamani in the provinces of Kermanshah and Kurdistan were introduced as Gurani and independent from the Kurdish language. In this research, by reviewing some Western and Persian researches related to interpretation in Horami, it has been shown that the language of the Horami people is not much different from other Kurdish branches, and there are few believers in Mackenzie's theory among Kurdish linguists, and most of them consider Gorani/Horami to be partial. They know from the family of Kurdish languages.

Kaynakça

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نقد و بررسی برخی پژوهشهای زبانی نیم سدۀ اخیر درباره زبان کردی با تأکید بر گورانی/هورامی

Yıl 2022, , 199 - 228, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55253/2022.nubihar.1207843

Öz

در طول قرن گدشته برخی زبان شناسان غربی مانند مکنزی زبان بخشهایی از مردم کردستان مانند کندوله¬ای در شمال غربی کرمانشاه، باجلانی در اطراف سرپل¬زهاب ، ماچو درقصر¬شیرین و گرمیان، گویش شبک، صارلی و باجوران در موصل، زازا در برخی استان¬های جنوب شرق ترکیه و هورامانی در استان¬های کرمانشاه و کردستان را به نام گورانی و مستقل از زبان کردی معرفی کردند. مسٲله اصلی این پژوهش آن است که دیدگاه مکنزی و زبان شناسان غربی پیرو او تا جه اندازه بر نویسندگان و زبان شناسان متخصص کرد تٲثیر گذاشته است. آیا زبان شناسان کرد همانند بیشتر زبان شناسان غربی و ایرانی دیدگاه او را پذیرفته اند یا به نقد آنها پرداخته اند؟ کدام یک از دیدگاههای مکنزی بیشتر از بقیه دیدگاههای او مورد انتقاد زبان شناسان کرد قرار گرفته است؟ افزون بر این رویکرد زباشناسان هورامی و ساکن هورامان در برابر دیدگاههای مکنزی چه بوده است؟ . در این پژوهش با مرور برخی پژوهشهای غربی و فارسی مرتبط با تصریف در هورامی نشان داده شده است که زبان مردم هورامان تفاوت چندانی با دیگر شاخه های کردی ندارد و باورمندان به نظریه مکنزی در میان زبانشناسان کرد اندک بوده و بیشتر آنها گورانی/هورامی را جزوی از خانوادۀ زبانهای کردی دانسته اند. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهد که تقریبا همه زبان شناسان کرد غیر هورامی دیدگاه مکنزی درباره مستقل بودن زبان هورامی، ردەبندی آن ذیل گورانی و عدم تعلق آن به زبان کردی را نقد کرده اند. همچنین به استثنای چند نفر اکثریت قریب به اتفاق پژوهشگران زبان شناس هورامان هم نظریه مکنزی مبنی بر غیر کردی بودن هورامی را نقد کرده و با استناد به داده های زبانی و بررسی تطبیقی آنها با دیگر گویشهای کردی نشان داده اند که شباهتهای هورامی به آنها از میزان تفاوتها بیشتر است.

Kaynakça

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  • Amiri, Sahar (2014). Barresi e Moshakhase haye Sarfi-Nahvi e Fe'l va Esm dar Guyeshe Kandule ye Zabane Gurani, Payan name ye Foghe Lisans, Daneshgah e Al-Zahra.
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  • Karimi, Yadgar and Naghshbandi, Zaniar (1390). Sakht ha ye Estemrari-Ta'kidi dar Zaban e Hawrami, Pajuhesh ha ye Zabani, Year 2, Vol. 1, pp. 83-100.
  • Karimi Dustan, Gholamhosein; Karimi, Yadgar; Mirani, Jabar (2017), Sakhtar e Mozu'i e Asami e Mahmuli e Motanazer ba Af'al e do maf'uli dar Kordi e Hawrami, Jastar ha ye Zabani, vol. 44.
  • Karimi Dustan, Gholamhosein; weisi, Rahman (2007), Hefz e Yek Made Saz e Bastani dar Sakhte Majhul dar Zaban e Kordi, Jastar ha ye Novin e Adabi, No. 160, 137-148 .
  • Moradi, Ronak (1391). TheTa'amol e Pishvand e Eltezami ba Pishvand e Nafy dar Zaban e Kurdi e Sorani, Pajuhesh ha ye Zabani, Vol 3, Vol 1, pp. 99-116.
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  • Encyclopædia Iranica: www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dimli
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  • Haig, G. (2004), Alignment in Kurdish: A diachronic perspective. Unpublished, Habilitationsschrift. Universitäl Kiel.
  • Holmberg, A & David Odden. (2004a), ʻErgativity and Role-Marking in Hawramiʼ.Handout from Syntax of the World’s Languages 1. Leipzig. Germany. August 5-8.2004.
  • Holmberg, A. & Odden, D. ( 2004b). ʻThe Izafe and NP structure in Hawramiʼ. Durham Working Papers in Linguistics, 10,pp.77-94.
  • Holmberg,A. & D.Odden. (2008), ʻThe noun phrase in Hawrami ʼ. In S.Karimi.
  • MacCarus , E.N.( 1958), A Kurdish Grammar :Descriptive Analysis of The Kurdish of Sulaimanya,Iraq. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.
  • McCarus, E. N. (2009). ʻKurdishʼ. In G.Windfuhr(ed.) The Iranian Languages. pp.587-633.
  • MacKenzie, D.N. (1954), ʻGender in Kurdishʼ. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 16: 528-541.
  • Mackenzie,D.N.(1966).The Dialect of awroman(Hɑwrāmān-i Luhōn): Grammatical Scetch, Texsts,and Vocabulary. København. Kommissionær: Ejnar Munksgaard.
  • Vol. XI, Fasc. 4, pp. 401-40 ,'Gurani', Iranica, Mackenzie. D.N.(2002). Mahootian, Sh. ( 1997), Persian Grammar. London: Taylor & Francis Routledge. Matthews, P. H. (1991), Morphology. Cambridge,UK : Cambridge University Press. Moseley. Ch. & Nicolas. A.(2010), Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, Paris : Unesco.
  • Paul, Ludwig)1995(, «The Position Of Zazaki Among West Iranian Languages», in Sims-Williams, N.(ed.), Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies held in Cambridge, 11th to 15th September 1995, Part Ⅰ, Old and Middle Iranian Studies, Wiesbaden: L. Reichert, pp. 163-177 .
  • Todd, Terry Lynn)1985(, A Grammar of Dimili(also known as Zaza), University of Michigan. Taleghani.A.H.(2008), Modality, Aspect and Negation in Persian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Windfuhr,G.L. (1990). ʻCases, forms, and uses in Iranian Languages and Dialectsʼ. In E.Yarshater(ed.), Encyclopedia Iranica, Mazda Publishers ,Vol.5. (pp. 25-37). Woolford. E.(2006), Lexical Case, Inherent Case, and Argument Structure. Linguistic Inquiry, Volume 3, Number 1, 2006, 111–130

نقد و بررسی برخی پژوهشهای زبانی نیم سدۀ اخیر درباره زبان کردی با تأکید بر گورانی/هورامی

Yıl 2022, , 199 - 228, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55253/2022.nubihar.1207843

Öz

در طول قرن گدشته برخی زبان شناسان غربی مانند مکنزی زبان بخشهایی از مردم کردستان مانند کندوله¬ای در شمال غربی کرمانشاه، باجلانی در اطراف سرپل¬زهاب ، ماچو درقصر¬شیرین و گرمیان، گویش شبک، صارلی و باجوران در موصل، زازا در برخی استان¬های جنوب شرق ترکیه و هورامانی در استان¬های کرمانشاه و کردستان را به نام گورانی و مستقل از زبان کردی معرفی کردند. مسٲله اصلی این پژوهش آن است که دیدگاه مکنزی و زبان شناسان غربی پیرو او تا جه اندازه بر نویسندگان و زبان شناسان متخصص کرد تٲثیر گذاشته است. آیا زبان شناسان کرد همانند بیشتر زبان شناسان غربی و ایرانی دیدگاه او را پذیرفته اند یا به نقد آنها پرداخته اند؟ کدام یک از دیدگاههای مکنزی بیشتر از بقیه دیدگاههای او مورد انتقاد زبان شناسان کرد قرار گرفته است؟ افزون بر این رویکرد زباشناسان هورامی و ساکن هورامان در برابر دیدگاههای مکنزی چه بوده است؟ . در این پژوهش با مرور برخی پژوهشهای غربی و فارسی مرتبط با تصریف در هورامی نشان داده شده است که زبان مردم هورامان تفاوت چندانی با دیگر شاخه های کردی ندارد و باورمندان به نظریه مکنزی در میان زبانشناسان کرد اندک بوده و بیشتر آنها گورانی/هورامی را جزوی از خانوادۀ زبانهای کردی دانسته اند. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهد که تقریبا همه زبان شناسان کرد غیر هورامی دیدگاه مکنزی درباره مستقل بودن زبان هورامی، ردەبندی آن ذیل گورانی و عدم تعلق آن به زبان کردی را نقد کرده اند. همچنین به استثنای چند نفر اکثریت قریب به اتفاق پژوهشگران زبان شناس هورامان هم نظریه مکنزی مبنی بر غیر کردی بودن هورامی را نقد کرده و با استناد به داده های زبانی و بررسی تطبیقی آنها با دیگر گویشهای کردی نشان داده اند که شباهتهای هورامی به آنها از میزان تفاوتها بیشتر است.

Kaynakça

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  • Holmberg, A. & Odden, D. ( 2004b). ʻThe Izafe and NP structure in Hawramiʼ. Durham Working Papers in Linguistics, 10,pp.77-94.
  • Holmberg,A. & D.Odden. (2008), ʻThe noun phrase in Hawrami ʼ. In S.Karimi.
  • MacCarus , E.N.( 1958), A Kurdish Grammar :Descriptive Analysis of The Kurdish of Sulaimanya,Iraq. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.
  • McCarus, E. N. (2009). ʻKurdishʼ. In G.Windfuhr(ed.) The Iranian Languages. pp.587-633.
  • MacKenzie, D.N. (1954), ʻGender in Kurdishʼ. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 16: 528-541.
  • Mackenzie,D.N.(1966).The Dialect of awroman(Hɑwrāmān-i Luhōn): Grammatical Scetch, Texsts,and Vocabulary. København. Kommissionær: Ejnar Munksgaard.
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Criticism of Some Linguistic Researches of the Last Half Century About the Kurdish Language with an Emphasis on Gurani/Horami

Yıl 2022, , 199 - 228, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55253/2022.nubihar.1207843

Öz

During the past century, some western linguists such as Mackenzie spoke the language of parts of the people of Kurdistan such as Kandoleh in the northwest of Kermanshah, Bajlani around Sarpol-Zhab, Macho in Qasr-Shirin and Garmian, Shebak, Sarli and Bajoran dialects in Mosul, Zaza in some The southeastern provinces of Turkey and Horamani in the provinces of Kermanshah and Kurdistan were introduced as Gurani and independent from the Kurdish language. In this research, by reviewing some Western and Persian researches related to interpretation in Horami, it has been shown that the language of the Horami people is not much different from other Kurdish branches, and there are few believers in Mackenzie's theory among Kurdish linguists, and most of them consider Gorani/Horami to be partial. They know from the family of Kurdish languages.

Kaynakça

  • Ebrahimpour, Mohammad Taghi (1370). Dasture Zabane Kurdi (Shomali-Hawrami)
  • Amiri, Sahar (2014). Barresi e Moshakhase haye Sarfi-Nahvi e Fe'l va Esm dar Guyeshe Kandule ye Zabane Gurani, Payan name ye Foghe Lisans, Daneshgah e Al-Zahra.
  • Oransky, Yousef Mikhailovich (1358). Moghaddame ye Feghh al Loghah e Irani, Tehran: Payam.
  • Bagheri Khuzani, Razieh (2018), Barresi e tatbighi ye Sakhte Ezafe dar Farsi, Gilaki, Balucgi va Hawrami, Payan Nameh ye Foghe Lisans, Daneshgah e Kordestan
  • Bamshadi, Parsa and Bamshadi, Javad (2014). Moghayese ye Pishvand ha va Pasvand ha ye Tasrifi e Fe'l dar Kurdi e Gorani va Farsi e Mo'aser ,Zaban va Zabanshenasi, vol. 19, pp. 101-122."
  • Badakhshan, Ebrahim and Karimi, Yadgar and Ranjbar, Rosita (2014).Halat Nama'i dar Kurdi ye Sorani(Sanandaji va Bane'i), Zaban ha va Guyesh ha ye Khorasan, Vol. 11, pp. 1-23.
  • Blau, Joyce and Barak, Veysi (1999). Dasture Zabane Kurmanji, translated by Ali Balkhkanlu (1387)
  • Bahman Soltani, Muzaffar (1386). Tarikhe Hawraman, Virayesh e Nader Karimian, Tehran: Ehsan
  • Tafakkori Reza'i, Shoja and Chubsaz, Yasman (2012). Moshakhas Budegi dar Kordi ye Kermanshahi, Motale'at e Zabani, Volume 4, Number 4, Series 16, pp. 56-68.
  • Hame Khorshid, Fo'ad (1382). Parakandegi ye Joghrafia'i e Lahje haye Zaban e Kordi, Faslname ye Farhang e Kordestan , year 5, No 16 and 17.
  • Danesh Pajuh, Fatemeh (1389 first edition). Ergative dar Zabane Kurdi (Kormanji (Badini), Sorani and Hawrami), Tehran: Nashr e Dastan.
  • Debirmoghadam, Mohammad (2012), Rade Shenasi ye Zaban ha ye Irani, Tehran: Samt.
  • Rasakh Mahand, Mohammad and Mohammadi-Rad, Mas'ud (2014). Barresi e selseleh Marateb e Neshandari dar Sarf e Esm va Zamir e Zaban haye Irani e Nov e Shomal e Gharbi, Majale ye Zabanshenakht, Year 6, Vol. 1, pp. 85-118.
  • Rashekh Mahand, Mohammad; Naghshbandi, Zaniar (2012), Ta'sir e Ghodrate Mozu'ate Fe'li bar Halat Nama'i e Efteraghi, Shavahedi az Zaban e Hawrami, Motale'at e Zaban va Guyesh ha ye Gharb e Iran, Volume 1, Number 1, pp. 1-20 .
  • Rashekh Mahand, Mohammad; Naghshbandi, Zaniar (2013), Ta'sir e Avamel e Kalami bar Ta'in e No'e Olgu ye Halat dar Guyesh e Hawrami, Jastar ha ye Zabani, Volume 4, Number 4, pp. 109-87.
  • Rahimi, Fatih (1386), Dastur e Zaban e Kurdi(Hawrami), Sanandaj: Mo'allef. Rukhzadi, Ali (2nd edition, 2010). Avashenasi va Dastur e Zaban e Kurdi, Sanandaj: Kurdistan.
  • Razm Ara, Haj Ali (1387), Amaliat e Hawraman, Tehran: Shiraz
  • Reza'i Bagh Bidi, Hassan (2008). Tarikh e Zaban ha ye Irani, Tehran: Da'erat al Ma'aref Bozorg e Eslami.
  • Zahedi, Mohammad Sedigh (1386), Moza'af Sazi(Tekrar) dar Guyesh e Hawrami, Majalle ye Zaban Shenasi, Year 22, No1.
  • Sajjadi, Seyyed Mehdi (1394 Virayesh e Aval). Jens e Dasturi dar Zaban e Hawrami, published by Avin: Marivan.
  • Salagi, Hossein (2013), Dastgah e Fe'li e Zaban e Hawrami(Gune ye Hawraman e Lohon), Payan nameh ye Karshenasi Arshad, Daneshgah e Bu'ali Sina, Hamedan.
  • Sanandji, Mehdi (2014), Tosif e Ejmali ye Zaban e Bastani ye Hawrami (Az zaban ha ye Kurdi), Marivan: Avin.
  • Sohrabi, Sara (2008). Barressi e Tasrif dar Guyesh e Sanandaji, Payan Nameh Karshenasi Arshad, Daneshgah e Payam e Nur .
  • Shida, Ghazi Abdullah (2013), Tarikh e Salatin e Hawraman, Sanandaj: Parto e Bayan.
  • Safi'i, Peyman (2011). Barresi e Nazam e Halat dar Zaban e Hawrami bar Asas e Nazariye ye Hakemiiat va Marja' Gozini, Payan Nameh Karshenasi ye arshad, Daneshgah e Razi.
  • Abbasi, Bistun and Najafian, Arezu (2015). Nezam e Zaman- Vajh- Nemud dar Zaban e Hawrami e Pave , Faslname ye Zabanshenasi e Ejtema'i, Year 1, No 1, pp. 91-72.
  • Farhang e Joghrafia'i e Abadi ha ye Ostan e Kordestan, Shahrestan e Sanandaj, volume 1, Tehran, 2015.
  • Farhang e Joghrafia'i e Abadi haye Ostan e Kordestan,Shahrestan ha ye Bane, Kamiyaran va Sarvabad ,Tehran 1385.
  • Karimi, Yadgar (1388). Sakht e Kona'i(Mansha' va Mahiat e An), Resaleh ye Doctora, Allameh Tabataba'i University.
  • Karimi, Yadgar and Naghshbandi, Zaniar (1390). Sakht ha ye Estemrari-Ta'kidi dar Zaban e Hawrami, Pajuhesh ha ye Zabani, Year 2, Vol. 1, pp. 83-100.
  • Karimi Dustan, Gholamhosein; Karimi, Yadgar; Mirani, Jabar (2017), Sakhtar e Mozu'i e Asami e Mahmuli e Motanazer ba Af'al e do maf'uli dar Kordi e Hawrami, Jastar ha ye Zabani, vol. 44.
  • Karimi Dustan, Gholamhosein; weisi, Rahman (2007), Hefz e Yek Made Saz e Bastani dar Sakhte Majhul dar Zaban e Kordi, Jastar ha ye Novin e Adabi, No. 160, 137-148 .
  • Moradi, Ronak (1391). TheTa'amol e Pishvand e Eltezami ba Pishvand e Nafy dar Zaban e Kurdi e Sorani, Pajuhesh ha ye Zabani, Vol 3, Vol 1, pp. 99-116.
  • Moradi, Sabah (1387). Ahamiyat e Moghe' va Vijegi ha ye Joghrafia'i dar Sheklgiri ye Horaman, Majmu'e Maghalat e Hamayesh e Gostareye Farhang e Hawraman, Kermanshah: Tagh Bostan.
  • Mardukhi, Hoda (2013). Vand ha va Jaygaheshan dar Sakht ha ye Vajegani e Kurdi e Sorani, Daneshgah e Kurdistan.
  • Mo'azi-Nejad, Mohammad-Gharib and Kayhan Ahmadi (1382), Joghrafia ye Hawraman, Tehran: Ehsan.
  • Naghshbandi, Zaniar and Karimi Dustan, Gholamhossein (2018). Sakht ha ye Kona'i dar Guyesh e Hawrami, Jastar ha ye Zabani, vol. 6, pp. 73-100.
  • Naghshbandi, Zaniar (1390), Sakht ha ye Kona'i dar Guyesh e Hawrami, Payan Nameh Karshenasi Arshad, Daneshgah e Kurdistan. Naghshbandi, Zaniar (1391), Talfigh e Moshakhase ye Halat dar Guyesh e Hawrami, Majmu'e Maghalat e Daneshgah e Allameh Tabataba'i , Vol. 281, pp. 848-857.
  • Naghshbandi, Shahram (1382). Barkhi az Vijegi ha ye Vaji, Sakht Vajeh'i va Nahvi e Guyesh e Hawrami, Majalle ye Zabanshenasi, year 18, No 2, pp. 94-112.
  • Naghshbandi, Shahram (1375). Nezam e Ava'i e Guyesh e Hawrami(Gune ye Shahr e Paveh) az Didgah e Vajshenasi e Zayeshi va Vajshenasi ye Joz' e Mostaghel , payan name ye Karshenasi Arshad, Daneshgah e Allameh Tabataba'i .
  • Naghshbandi, Shahram (1389). Sakht e Heja va Mahdudiat ha ye Vaj Ara'i dar Hawrami va Farsi e Me'yar(dar Vajshenasi e Zayeshi, Pasazayeshi va Nazariye ye Behinegi), Resale ye Doctora, Daneshgah e Allameh Tabataba'i .
  • Vaghaye' Negar e Kordestani, Mirza Ali Akbar. Hadiqeh ye Naseri, Be Ehtemam e Mohammad Ra'uf e Tavakkoli, Tehran: Tavakkoli. Weisi-Hesar, Rahman (2014), Zaman va Nemud dar Kurdi e Mukriani, Majalle ye Motale'at e Zaban ha va Guyesh ha ye Gharb e Iran, Vol 2, No 8, pp. 101-124. Weisi-Hesar, Rahman (2016), Nemud dar Kurdi, Az Hasti Shenasi ta Dastur, Jastar ha ye Zabani, year 8, No 3, pp.135-158. Yousefi Rad, Fatemeh, Abbasi, Bistun (2013), Se Takvaj e Moghayyad e Porbasamad e "-ænæ-", "-æræ-" and "-æwæ-" dar Zaban e Hawrami(Guyesh e Pave), Majalle ye Motale'at e Zaban ha va Guyesh ha ye Gharb e Iran, Vol 2, No 7, 115-135.
  • Blau, J. & Barak, v. (1999), Manuel de kurde Kurmanji, Paris: l'Harmattan.
  • Encyclopædia Iranica: www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dimli
  • http://www.kurdishacademy.org/sites/default/files/holmberg-odden.pdf
  • Haig, G. (2004), Alignment in Kurdish: A diachronic perspective. Unpublished, Habilitationsschrift. Universitäl Kiel.
  • Holmberg, A & David Odden. (2004a), ʻErgativity and Role-Marking in Hawramiʼ.Handout from Syntax of the World’s Languages 1. Leipzig. Germany. August 5-8.2004.
  • Holmberg, A. & Odden, D. ( 2004b). ʻThe Izafe and NP structure in Hawramiʼ. Durham Working Papers in Linguistics, 10,pp.77-94.
  • Holmberg,A. & D.Odden. (2008), ʻThe noun phrase in Hawrami ʼ. In S.Karimi.
  • MacCarus , E.N.( 1958), A Kurdish Grammar :Descriptive Analysis of The Kurdish of Sulaimanya,Iraq. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.
  • McCarus, E. N. (2009). ʻKurdishʼ. In G.Windfuhr(ed.) The Iranian Languages. pp.587-633.
  • MacKenzie, D.N. (1954), ʻGender in Kurdishʼ. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 16: 528-541.
  • Mackenzie,D.N.(1966).The Dialect of awroman(Hɑwrāmān-i Luhōn): Grammatical Scetch, Texsts,and Vocabulary. København. Kommissionær: Ejnar Munksgaard.
  • Vol. XI, Fasc. 4, pp. 401-40 ,'Gurani', Iranica, Mackenzie. D.N.(2002). Mahootian, Sh. ( 1997), Persian Grammar. London: Taylor & Francis Routledge. Matthews, P. H. (1991), Morphology. Cambridge,UK : Cambridge University Press. Moseley. Ch. & Nicolas. A.(2010), Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, Paris : Unesco.
  • Paul, Ludwig)1995(, «The Position Of Zazaki Among West Iranian Languages», in Sims-Williams, N.(ed.), Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies held in Cambridge, 11th to 15th September 1995, Part Ⅰ, Old and Middle Iranian Studies, Wiesbaden: L. Reichert, pp. 163-177 .
  • Todd, Terry Lynn)1985(, A Grammar of Dimili(also known as Zaza), University of Michigan. Taleghani.A.H.(2008), Modality, Aspect and Negation in Persian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Windfuhr,G.L. (1990). ʻCases, forms, and uses in Iranian Languages and Dialectsʼ. In E.Yarshater(ed.), Encyclopedia Iranica, Mazda Publishers ,Vol.5. (pp. 25-37). Woolford. E.(2006), Lexical Case, Inherent Case, and Argument Structure. Linguistic Inquiry, Volume 3, Number 1, 2006, 111–130
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Farsça
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Zohreh Mohammadi

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Mohammadi, Z. (2022). نقد و بررسی برخی پژوهشهای زبانی نیم سدۀ اخیر درباره زبان کردی با تأکید بر گورانی/هورامی. Nubihar Akademi, 5(18), 199-228. https://doi.org/10.55253/2022.nubihar.1207843

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