The main issue of this research is to show the connection of the word Lor and Lorestan with Kurds in Islamic sources of the middle centuries. The history of using the term Lor in sources does not go beyond the 4th century. Lorestan, which was created by adding the suffix -stan to Lor, entered the sources in the 6th century. Lor has been introduced as a part of Kurds since the very beginning and the sources have always used the term Lor Kurds. Lorestan has also been introduced as a part of the geography of Kurdistan; but gradually and after the formation of Atabakan Lor, Lorî and Lorestan, are used as an independent concept and a parallel term to Kurd in the sources.
B. Lanfranchi (2003), The Assyrian E xpansion in the Zagros and the local Ruling Elites in Continuity of Empire(?), Assyria, Media, Persia, Lanfranchi, Roaf, Rollinger (ed), Padoa.
Bedlisi, Şeref Khan (1343) Sherefname, Teshih Muhammed Abbasi, Tahran: İlmi
Feride Mecid, Fatima (1388), Serguzeşti Taksimate Keshwer-i İran, Tahran: Binyade İran Shinasi
Feyumi Ahmed b. Muhammed (1414), El-misbah El-Munir fi Garib El-Sherhu El-Kebiru’l-rafi, Muessesi Daru’l-hicre
Gafari, Qazi Ahmed (1334), Tarikhe Cihanâra, Tahran: Hafız
Gulam Merdai Feride (1394), Loristan der Hezarehay Khamush, Tahran: Arun
Halef Tebrizi, Muhammed Huseyn (1362), Be ihtimam Muhammed Mu’in, Tahran: Emir Kebir
Hamdullah Mostevfi (1362) Tarikh-i Guzide, Be Kuses-i Abdulhuseyn Nevayi, Tahran.
Hansman, J, (1972), “Elamites, Achaemenids and Anshan”, Iran 10T,
Hemu (1406), Melaz el-Ekhyar fi Fehmi Tehzib el-Akhbar, Qom: Ketabhane Ayetullah Mer’eşi Necefi
Himo (1362),Nüzhetu’l-Qulub, Be Kushesh-i G. Lesranc, Tahran, 1362
Homa (1376), Tarih-i Cografya ve İctimai Loristan, Tahran: Encümen-i Asar ve Mefahir-i Ferhengi
İbn Balkhi (1363), Farsnama, Be ehtemame Guy Lastrang-Nicholsson, Tehran: Dunyaye Ketab
İbn Batuta, Muhammad b. Abdullah (1417), Rihlete İbn Batuta, Tuhfetu’n-Nizar fi Gharaibu’l-Emsar ve ‘Acaibu’l-Esfar, Riyad: Akademiye el-Memleketu’l-Maghribiye
İbn Esir, Ali (1979), el-Kamil, Beirut: Dar Sadr
İbn fazlullah Omeri, Ahmed b. Yahya (1424), Masalik al Absar fi Memalik al Amsar, Ebu Zebi: El-Memcme’ al Saqafi
İbn Hawqal, Muhammad b. Ali (1938), Suretu’l-Arz, Liden: Beril
İbn Tabataba Alewi Esfehani, İbrahim b. Naser (1377), Muntaqeletu’l-Talebiyye, Qum: el-Mektebetul Haydariyye
İbn Taghribardi, Yusuf (1984), el-Munhil el Safi ve’l-Mustofi Ba’de’l-Wafi, Qahire: el-Heyetu al Mısriyye al Ametu al Ketab
İbrahim bin Muhammed (2004), el Mesalik ve’l-Memalik, Kahire: el Hey’eti’l-Amme li Kusuri Seqafeti Eşpular
İdris, Muhammed bin Muhammed (1409), Nuzhet’l-Muştak fi İhtiraki’l-Afâk, Beyrut: Alem-i Kutub-u İstakhriye
İskender Beg (1382), Alam Ara-i Abbasi, Be Kushesh-i İrac Afşar, Tahran: Emir Kebir Coğrafya Loristan (1370), Be Kushesh-i Skander Emanullah, Hurremabad: İdare Ferhengi u İrşad-i İslami
İzad Penah, Hamid (1363) Âsari Bastani ve Tarihi Loristan (2), Tahran: Agah
Johnson, G. A, and Wright, H, T, (1975), “Population, Exchange and Early State Formation in South Western Iran”, American Anthropologist 77.
Keyhan Mes'ud (1311), Cografya-i Mufessele İran (cild 2),Tahran: Matbaa-i Meclis
Kristensen, Artur (1368), İran der Zemani Sasaniyan, tercume Yasemi, Tahran: Dunya-i Ketab
Kurban Pur Dosteki, Khuda Bekhsh (1381), Bekhtiyariha; Guzeşte ve hal “, mütalaat meli :şimare 14
Lusternic, G. (1337) Cografya-i Tarikhe Serzeminha-i Khilafete Sharki, Tercume Mehmud İrfan, Tahran: İlmi ve ferhengi
Lutfi, Ahmed (1387), Lekha ve Edebiyate Amiyane, Keyhane Ferhengi: Shomare 267
Meclisi, Muhamed Baqır (1406), Ravdetu’l-Muttaqin, Qom: Binyade Kusampur
Mer’i, Forset (2011), El-Fethu’l-İslami li Kurdistan, Dimeshk: Daruzzeman
Mesudi, Ali (1385), Muruc ez-Zeheb, Be Kuşeş Yusuf Es’ed Dagir, Beyrut: Dar el-Hicre
Mhnorsky, (1986), “Lur-i Buzurg”, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New edition, Leiden, , vol. V.
Mir Nusretullah (1388), Tarikhe Pansed Saleye Khuzestan, Khurremabad: Shapur hast
Mukri, Muhammed (1361), Ferhenge Namehai Perendegan, Tahran: Emir Kebir
Muqaddesi, Muhammed b. Ahmed (1906), Ehsen et-Taqasim fi Me’rifeti Eqalim, Beyrut: Darusadir
Nasreddin Shah (1387), Sefername-i Iraq Acem, be kuşeş Mir Haşim muheddis, Tahran: İttilaat
Poebel, A, (1931-1932), “The Name of Elam in Sumerian, Akkadian and Hebrew” American Journal of Semetic Languages and Literatures 48.
Rawnilson, Henri (1362), Sefername (Gozer ez Zohab ba Khuzistan), Tercüme Sekander Emanullah, Tahran: Agah
Razi, Muhammed b. Zekeriyya (1408), El Mansuri fi Tıb, Kuveyt: el Menzumetul Arabiyyetil Terbiyye ve Sekafeti ve ulum
Razmara, Ali (1330), Ferhenge Cografyayi İran (cild 6) Tahran: Daire Cograyaye Artesh
Razmara, Ali (1331) Ferhenge Cografyayi İran (cild 5) Tahran: Daira Coğrafayaye Artesh
Rumlu, Hasan (1357), Ehsenu’t-Tevarikh, Ba Kushesh Abdul Huseyn Nevai, Tehran: Babek
Sam’ani, Ebı sa’d abdulkerim bin muhammed (1382) El insab, Hadarabad: Dairetül me’arifil osmaniyye
Saqi, Ali Muhammed (1343), Cografyaye Tarihi u Tarih-i Loristan. Khurremabad: Muhammedi
Sayah, Muhammed Ali (1356) Hatırati Haci Siyah, Ba kushesh Hamid Siyah, Tahran Emir Kebir
Sefa Nejad Cevad (1381), Lorhaye İran: Atiye Taberi, Muhammet Tarih Beyrûd, 1997m.
Sohrabi, Muhammed (1376) Loristan ve Tarikh-Qovm-Kesayet, Khurremabad, Eflak
Sultan ‘Ulema Bahaiddin Muhammed Belkhi (1382) Me’arif (Behai Veled), Tahran: Tuhuri
Yaqut Hamewi (1965m), Mu’cem el-Buldan, Tahran: Mekteb el Usda
Ye’qubi, Ahmed (1956),Tarikh, Beyrut: Dar Sadir
Yusuf Fer, Shehram (1394), ”Âtabekan Loristan“ Der Tarikhe Cami’e İran, cild 9, Tahran: Merkeze Dairetu’l-Mearife Bozorge İslami
Zarīnkūb, A. (1975), “The Arab Conquest of Iran its Aftermath”The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. IV, Cambridge.
Lor and Lorestan and its Connection with Kurds in the Middle Centuries
The main issue of this research is to show the connection of the term Lor and Lorestan with Kurds in Islamic sources of the middle centuries. The history of using the term lor in sources does not go beyond the 4th century. Lorestan, which was created by adding the suffix Makani Stan to Lor, entered the sources in the 6th century. Ler has been introduced as a part of Kurds since the very beginning and sources have always used the term Ler Kurds. Lorestan has also been introduced as a part of the geography of Kurdistan; But gradually and after the formation of the government of Atabakan Ler, Ler and Lorestan are used as an independent concept and parallel to Kurds in the sources.
B. Lanfranchi (2003), The Assyrian E xpansion in the Zagros and the local Ruling Elites in Continuity of Empire(?), Assyria, Media, Persia, Lanfranchi, Roaf, Rollinger (ed), Padoa.
Bedlisi, Şeref Khan (1343) Sherefname, Teshih Muhammed Abbasi, Tahran: İlmi
Feride Mecid, Fatima (1388), Serguzeşti Taksimate Keshwer-i İran, Tahran: Binyade İran Shinasi
Feyumi Ahmed b. Muhammed (1414), El-misbah El-Munir fi Garib El-Sherhu El-Kebiru’l-rafi, Muessesi Daru’l-hicre
Gafari, Qazi Ahmed (1334), Tarikhe Cihanâra, Tahran: Hafız
Gulam Merdai Feride (1394), Loristan der Hezarehay Khamush, Tahran: Arun
Halef Tebrizi, Muhammed Huseyn (1362), Be ihtimam Muhammed Mu’in, Tahran: Emir Kebir
Hamdullah Mostevfi (1362) Tarikh-i Guzide, Be Kuses-i Abdulhuseyn Nevayi, Tahran.
Hansman, J, (1972), “Elamites, Achaemenids and Anshan”, Iran 10T,
Hemu (1406), Melaz el-Ekhyar fi Fehmi Tehzib el-Akhbar, Qom: Ketabhane Ayetullah Mer’eşi Necefi
Himo (1362),Nüzhetu’l-Qulub, Be Kushesh-i G. Lesranc, Tahran, 1362
Homa (1376), Tarih-i Cografya ve İctimai Loristan, Tahran: Encümen-i Asar ve Mefahir-i Ferhengi
İbn Balkhi (1363), Farsnama, Be ehtemame Guy Lastrang-Nicholsson, Tehran: Dunyaye Ketab
İbn Batuta, Muhammad b. Abdullah (1417), Rihlete İbn Batuta, Tuhfetu’n-Nizar fi Gharaibu’l-Emsar ve ‘Acaibu’l-Esfar, Riyad: Akademiye el-Memleketu’l-Maghribiye
İbn Esir, Ali (1979), el-Kamil, Beirut: Dar Sadr
İbn fazlullah Omeri, Ahmed b. Yahya (1424), Masalik al Absar fi Memalik al Amsar, Ebu Zebi: El-Memcme’ al Saqafi
İbn Hawqal, Muhammad b. Ali (1938), Suretu’l-Arz, Liden: Beril
İbn Tabataba Alewi Esfehani, İbrahim b. Naser (1377), Muntaqeletu’l-Talebiyye, Qum: el-Mektebetul Haydariyye
İbn Taghribardi, Yusuf (1984), el-Munhil el Safi ve’l-Mustofi Ba’de’l-Wafi, Qahire: el-Heyetu al Mısriyye al Ametu al Ketab
İbrahim bin Muhammed (2004), el Mesalik ve’l-Memalik, Kahire: el Hey’eti’l-Amme li Kusuri Seqafeti Eşpular
İdris, Muhammed bin Muhammed (1409), Nuzhet’l-Muştak fi İhtiraki’l-Afâk, Beyrut: Alem-i Kutub-u İstakhriye
İskender Beg (1382), Alam Ara-i Abbasi, Be Kushesh-i İrac Afşar, Tahran: Emir Kebir Coğrafya Loristan (1370), Be Kushesh-i Skander Emanullah, Hurremabad: İdare Ferhengi u İrşad-i İslami
İzad Penah, Hamid (1363) Âsari Bastani ve Tarihi Loristan (2), Tahran: Agah
Johnson, G. A, and Wright, H, T, (1975), “Population, Exchange and Early State Formation in South Western Iran”, American Anthropologist 77.
Keyhan Mes'ud (1311), Cografya-i Mufessele İran (cild 2),Tahran: Matbaa-i Meclis
Kristensen, Artur (1368), İran der Zemani Sasaniyan, tercume Yasemi, Tahran: Dunya-i Ketab
Kurban Pur Dosteki, Khuda Bekhsh (1381), Bekhtiyariha; Guzeşte ve hal “, mütalaat meli :şimare 14
Lusternic, G. (1337) Cografya-i Tarikhe Serzeminha-i Khilafete Sharki, Tercume Mehmud İrfan, Tahran: İlmi ve ferhengi
Lutfi, Ahmed (1387), Lekha ve Edebiyate Amiyane, Keyhane Ferhengi: Shomare 267
Meclisi, Muhamed Baqır (1406), Ravdetu’l-Muttaqin, Qom: Binyade Kusampur
Mer’i, Forset (2011), El-Fethu’l-İslami li Kurdistan, Dimeshk: Daruzzeman
Mesudi, Ali (1385), Muruc ez-Zeheb, Be Kuşeş Yusuf Es’ed Dagir, Beyrut: Dar el-Hicre
Mhnorsky, (1986), “Lur-i Buzurg”, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New edition, Leiden, , vol. V.
Mir Nusretullah (1388), Tarikhe Pansed Saleye Khuzestan, Khurremabad: Shapur hast
Mukri, Muhammed (1361), Ferhenge Namehai Perendegan, Tahran: Emir Kebir
Muqaddesi, Muhammed b. Ahmed (1906), Ehsen et-Taqasim fi Me’rifeti Eqalim, Beyrut: Darusadir
Nasreddin Shah (1387), Sefername-i Iraq Acem, be kuşeş Mir Haşim muheddis, Tahran: İttilaat
Poebel, A, (1931-1932), “The Name of Elam in Sumerian, Akkadian and Hebrew” American Journal of Semetic Languages and Literatures 48.
Rawnilson, Henri (1362), Sefername (Gozer ez Zohab ba Khuzistan), Tercüme Sekander Emanullah, Tahran: Agah
Razi, Muhammed b. Zekeriyya (1408), El Mansuri fi Tıb, Kuveyt: el Menzumetul Arabiyyetil Terbiyye ve Sekafeti ve ulum
Razmara, Ali (1330), Ferhenge Cografyayi İran (cild 6) Tahran: Daire Cograyaye Artesh
Razmara, Ali (1331) Ferhenge Cografyayi İran (cild 5) Tahran: Daira Coğrafayaye Artesh
Rumlu, Hasan (1357), Ehsenu’t-Tevarikh, Ba Kushesh Abdul Huseyn Nevai, Tehran: Babek
Sam’ani, Ebı sa’d abdulkerim bin muhammed (1382) El insab, Hadarabad: Dairetül me’arifil osmaniyye
Saqi, Ali Muhammed (1343), Cografyaye Tarihi u Tarih-i Loristan. Khurremabad: Muhammedi
Sayah, Muhammed Ali (1356) Hatırati Haci Siyah, Ba kushesh Hamid Siyah, Tahran Emir Kebir
Sefa Nejad Cevad (1381), Lorhaye İran: Atiye Taberi, Muhammet Tarih Beyrûd, 1997m.
Sohrabi, Muhammed (1376) Loristan ve Tarikh-Qovm-Kesayet, Khurremabad, Eflak
Sultan ‘Ulema Bahaiddin Muhammed Belkhi (1382) Me’arif (Behai Veled), Tahran: Tuhuri
Yaqut Hamewi (1965m), Mu’cem el-Buldan, Tahran: Mekteb el Usda
Ye’qubi, Ahmed (1956),Tarikh, Beyrut: Dar Sadir
Yusuf Fer, Shehram (1394), ”Âtabekan Loristan“ Der Tarikhe Cami’e İran, cild 9, Tahran: Merkeze Dairetu’l-Mearife Bozorge İslami
Zarīnkūb, A. (1975), “The Arab Conquest of Iran its Aftermath”The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. IV, Cambridge.
مسألۀ اصلی این پژوهش ، نشان دادن پیوند اصطلاح لر و لرستان با کرد در منابع اسلامی سده های میانه است. سابقۀ کاربرد اصطلاح لر(لور) در منابع از سدۀ 4ق فراتر نمی رود . لرستان هم که با اضافه شدن پسوند مکانی ستان به لر پدید آمده است در سدۀ 6ق وارد منابع شده است. لر از همان آغاز بخشی از کرد معرفی شده و منابع همواره اصطلاح کردهای لر را به کار برده اند. لرستان هم ابتدا بخشی از جغرافیای کردستان معرفی شده است؛ اما به تدریج و پس از تشکیل حکومت اتابکان لر، لر و لرستان به صورت مفهومی مستقل و به موازات کرد در منابع به کار می رود.
B. Lanfranchi (2003), The Assyrian E xpansion in the Zagros and the local Ruling Elites in Continuity of Empire(?), Assyria, Media, Persia, Lanfranchi, Roaf, Rollinger (ed), Padoa.
Bedlisi, Şeref Khan (1343) Sherefname, Teshih Muhammed Abbasi, Tahran: İlmi
Feride Mecid, Fatima (1388), Serguzeşti Taksimate Keshwer-i İran, Tahran: Binyade İran Shinasi
Feyumi Ahmed b. Muhammed (1414), El-misbah El-Munir fi Garib El-Sherhu El-Kebiru’l-rafi, Muessesi Daru’l-hicre
Gafari, Qazi Ahmed (1334), Tarikhe Cihanâra, Tahran: Hafız
Gulam Merdai Feride (1394), Loristan der Hezarehay Khamush, Tahran: Arun
Halef Tebrizi, Muhammed Huseyn (1362), Be ihtimam Muhammed Mu’in, Tahran: Emir Kebir
Hamdullah Mostevfi (1362) Tarikh-i Guzide, Be Kuses-i Abdulhuseyn Nevayi, Tahran.
Hansman, J, (1972), “Elamites, Achaemenids and Anshan”, Iran 10T,
Hemu (1406), Melaz el-Ekhyar fi Fehmi Tehzib el-Akhbar, Qom: Ketabhane Ayetullah Mer’eşi Necefi
Himo (1362),Nüzhetu’l-Qulub, Be Kushesh-i G. Lesranc, Tahran, 1362
Homa (1376), Tarih-i Cografya ve İctimai Loristan, Tahran: Encümen-i Asar ve Mefahir-i Ferhengi
İbn Balkhi (1363), Farsnama, Be ehtemame Guy Lastrang-Nicholsson, Tehran: Dunyaye Ketab
İbn Batuta, Muhammad b. Abdullah (1417), Rihlete İbn Batuta, Tuhfetu’n-Nizar fi Gharaibu’l-Emsar ve ‘Acaibu’l-Esfar, Riyad: Akademiye el-Memleketu’l-Maghribiye
İbn Esir, Ali (1979), el-Kamil, Beirut: Dar Sadr
İbn fazlullah Omeri, Ahmed b. Yahya (1424), Masalik al Absar fi Memalik al Amsar, Ebu Zebi: El-Memcme’ al Saqafi
İbn Hawqal, Muhammad b. Ali (1938), Suretu’l-Arz, Liden: Beril
İbn Tabataba Alewi Esfehani, İbrahim b. Naser (1377), Muntaqeletu’l-Talebiyye, Qum: el-Mektebetul Haydariyye
İbn Taghribardi, Yusuf (1984), el-Munhil el Safi ve’l-Mustofi Ba’de’l-Wafi, Qahire: el-Heyetu al Mısriyye al Ametu al Ketab
İbrahim bin Muhammed (2004), el Mesalik ve’l-Memalik, Kahire: el Hey’eti’l-Amme li Kusuri Seqafeti Eşpular
İdris, Muhammed bin Muhammed (1409), Nuzhet’l-Muştak fi İhtiraki’l-Afâk, Beyrut: Alem-i Kutub-u İstakhriye
İskender Beg (1382), Alam Ara-i Abbasi, Be Kushesh-i İrac Afşar, Tahran: Emir Kebir Coğrafya Loristan (1370), Be Kushesh-i Skander Emanullah, Hurremabad: İdare Ferhengi u İrşad-i İslami
İzad Penah, Hamid (1363) Âsari Bastani ve Tarihi Loristan (2), Tahran: Agah
Johnson, G. A, and Wright, H, T, (1975), “Population, Exchange and Early State Formation in South Western Iran”, American Anthropologist 77.
Keyhan Mes'ud (1311), Cografya-i Mufessele İran (cild 2),Tahran: Matbaa-i Meclis
Kristensen, Artur (1368), İran der Zemani Sasaniyan, tercume Yasemi, Tahran: Dunya-i Ketab
Kurban Pur Dosteki, Khuda Bekhsh (1381), Bekhtiyariha; Guzeşte ve hal “, mütalaat meli :şimare 14
Lusternic, G. (1337) Cografya-i Tarikhe Serzeminha-i Khilafete Sharki, Tercume Mehmud İrfan, Tahran: İlmi ve ferhengi
Lutfi, Ahmed (1387), Lekha ve Edebiyate Amiyane, Keyhane Ferhengi: Shomare 267
Meclisi, Muhamed Baqır (1406), Ravdetu’l-Muttaqin, Qom: Binyade Kusampur
Mer’i, Forset (2011), El-Fethu’l-İslami li Kurdistan, Dimeshk: Daruzzeman
Mesudi, Ali (1385), Muruc ez-Zeheb, Be Kuşeş Yusuf Es’ed Dagir, Beyrut: Dar el-Hicre
Mhnorsky, (1986), “Lur-i Buzurg”, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New edition, Leiden, , vol. V.
Mir Nusretullah (1388), Tarikhe Pansed Saleye Khuzestan, Khurremabad: Shapur hast
Mukri, Muhammed (1361), Ferhenge Namehai Perendegan, Tahran: Emir Kebir
Muqaddesi, Muhammed b. Ahmed (1906), Ehsen et-Taqasim fi Me’rifeti Eqalim, Beyrut: Darusadir
Nasreddin Shah (1387), Sefername-i Iraq Acem, be kuşeş Mir Haşim muheddis, Tahran: İttilaat
Poebel, A, (1931-1932), “The Name of Elam in Sumerian, Akkadian and Hebrew” American Journal of Semetic Languages and Literatures 48.
Rawnilson, Henri (1362), Sefername (Gozer ez Zohab ba Khuzistan), Tercüme Sekander Emanullah, Tahran: Agah
Razi, Muhammed b. Zekeriyya (1408), El Mansuri fi Tıb, Kuveyt: el Menzumetul Arabiyyetil Terbiyye ve Sekafeti ve ulum
Razmara, Ali (1330), Ferhenge Cografyayi İran (cild 6) Tahran: Daire Cograyaye Artesh
Razmara, Ali (1331) Ferhenge Cografyayi İran (cild 5) Tahran: Daira Coğrafayaye Artesh
Rumlu, Hasan (1357), Ehsenu’t-Tevarikh, Ba Kushesh Abdul Huseyn Nevai, Tehran: Babek
Sam’ani, Ebı sa’d abdulkerim bin muhammed (1382) El insab, Hadarabad: Dairetül me’arifil osmaniyye
Saqi, Ali Muhammed (1343), Cografyaye Tarihi u Tarih-i Loristan. Khurremabad: Muhammedi
Sayah, Muhammed Ali (1356) Hatırati Haci Siyah, Ba kushesh Hamid Siyah, Tahran Emir Kebir
Sefa Nejad Cevad (1381), Lorhaye İran: Atiye Taberi, Muhammet Tarih Beyrûd, 1997m.
Sohrabi, Muhammed (1376) Loristan ve Tarikh-Qovm-Kesayet, Khurremabad, Eflak
Sultan ‘Ulema Bahaiddin Muhammed Belkhi (1382) Me’arif (Behai Veled), Tahran: Tuhuri
Yaqut Hamewi (1965m), Mu’cem el-Buldan, Tahran: Mekteb el Usda
Ye’qubi, Ahmed (1956),Tarikh, Beyrut: Dar Sadir
Yusuf Fer, Shehram (1394), ”Âtabekan Loristan“ Der Tarikhe Cami’e İran, cild 9, Tahran: Merkeze Dairetu’l-Mearife Bozorge İslami
Zarīnkūb, A. (1975), “The Arab Conquest of Iran its Aftermath”The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. IV, Cambridge.