MEVLÂNA’NIN MESNEVÎSİ'NDEKİ BAZI İNSANÎ DEĞERLER

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 50, 285 - 309, 30.06.2020

Ehsanullah Mushfeq

https://doi.org/10.32330/nusha.678542

Öz

Mesnevî
kuşkusuz insani değerlerin ve mükemmelliklerin büyük ve güvenilir bir
hazinesidir. İnsan zihninde hayal edilen ahlakî erdemlerin ve insanî
erdemlerinin çoğu, Mesnevî-i Manevî’de toplanmış gibi görünüyor ve bu da bu
büyük ve tarihi eseri çekici ve ölümsüz hale getiriyor. Bu anlamda Mesnevî’ye
"'iyilikler hazinesi" denilmesi gerekir.

Mesnevî, baştan sona Allah’ı
tanıma ve Allah’ı bulma arayışının eseridir. Mevlâna’nın Mesnevî'deki esas
hedefi, Rabb'in gerçek bilgisi ışığında kişinin kendisine bilmesi ve ibadet
etmesi gerektiği gibi Allah’a ibadet etmesidir.

Mesnevî-i
Manevî, bu derece değerli bir eser haline getiren ana nedenlerden biri insanî
kavramların ve değerlerinin varlığıdır. Bahsedilen konuya ek olarak, Mesnevî'yi
sonsuz ve kalıcı bir iş haline getiren ana temalardan birisi de Mesnevî'nin
tümünde görünür olan Kur’ân malzemesinin güçlü ve yaygın varlığıdır.

Gerçekten de Rûmî'nin
Mesnevî"si, ebedî temaları ve muhtevasıyla, yazılışından bugüne beşeri
bilimler için susuzluğu gideren büyük bir kaynak olmuştur. Kuşkusuz, bu büyük
ve muazzam kitabın değerinin ve ölümsüzlüğünün nedenlerinden biri, bir dizi
muhteşem konuyu ve kavramı kapsaması ve dolayısıyla bu konularla ilgilenenlerin
ilgisini çekmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mesnevî, Mevlâna, İnsani Değerler, Şiir

Destekleyen Kurum

Takhar Üniversitesi

Teşekkür

Böyle bir akademik olanak için Takhar Üniversitesi adına size teşekkür ederim.

Some Humanitarian Values in Masnawi-e Mawlana

Öz

Abstract

It is a fact that Masnawi-e
Manawi is a large and reliable treasury of human values and perfections. The
Most moral excellences and human beauties which its conception seems possible
in the human thought are gathered in Masnawi-e Manawi and make this big and
historic book, permanent and attractive.

From this aspect, Masnawi Manawi
should be named, the gatherer of excellences.

Masnawi is a god seeking and
theism book and the all purposes Mawlana at this book is that the humankind
should recognize himself and his god as good as possible and in the light of
recognizing his god worship him and manage and settle his own life.

Masnawi-e Manawi is including at
the range of attractive and acceptable books. And the Presence of various human
concepts and values in this great book are. the
main reason for this claim. Also, it is mentionable that the wide presence of
the holy Quran's matters and concepts in the allover of Masnawi is other basic
reason of immortalizing this great book. (Masnawi).

In truth Masnawi-e Manawi seems
like an encyclopedia that, embrace permanent matters and from its creation time
up to now slake the thirst of those mans who are desirous of liberal arts.
Doubtless the main reason of attractiveness of Masnawi-e Manawi is the presence
of human values and concepts in the allover of this great book.

Structured Abstract

The leafs of Persian History and
literature's texts, specially leaf's of Persian's poem are full of permanent
and valuable concepts. But at this field, we have some independent books which
receive the high and valuable senses and to stay for this reason. Doubtless
Masnawi Mawlana Jalaluddin Mohammad-e Balkhi is the foremost of pointed books.
This essay allocated to investigate the big 
discussions and concepts in the context of Mawlana Jalaluddin Mohammad-e
Balkhi's poem and speech, like fellowship, equanimity, self- examination, consciousness,
curtsy, humility, humanitarianism, benevolence, avoiding from fanaticism,
mental independence, avoiding from imitation, liberality, avoiding from
faultfinding, leniency, avoiding from indignation, decorum and so on. And it is
indisputable that the subjects which have mentioned, including in the category
of high humanitarian values and account as original and central factor of
attraction of Mawlana's speech in Masnawi. 

Masnawi-e Manawi is book of all
centuries and times. This big literary work for the reason of having unique
privilege characteristics has accepted by different nations, critics and wises
and become constant and permanent. The main reasons which have made Masnawi
permanent and attractive are two issues: one is that this big and impressive
book is field of presence and manifestation of Quraanian issues and concepts
and our scholarly and critics are agree in this matter. For example, Mawlana
Abdurrahman-e-Jami which is one of our cultural and civilizational honorable
poems, gnostic and scholarly has told:

مثنـــوی معنـــوی مــولـوی                       هست قرآن در زبان پهلوی

The second reason for our claim
is that Mawlana Jalaluddin Mohammad sketched and developed such constant and
permanent senses. The concepts like fellowship, equanimity, self- examination,
consciousness, humility, humanitarianism, truthfulness, kindness, benevolence,
avoiding from fanaticism, mental independence, avoiding from imitation,
liberality, avoiding from faultfinding, leniency, avoiding from indignation,
decorum and so on. The reason which has made Masnawi-e Mawlana attractive and
permanent is this matter that this book has many many attractive and permanent
issues and senses in its text and heart. The humanitarian values that are
acceptable and honorable among all the nations and ideas are attractive and
permanent. Truth and honesty are indestructible, humanitarianism and
benevolence are abiding and immortal, humility and curtsy are permanent, and
fellowship and kindness are eternal and immortal values. doubtless This
honorable and big book (Masnawi) is a big and reliable treasury of human values
and perfections. The Most moral excellences and human beauties which its
conception seems possible in the human thought are gathered in Masnawi-e
Mawlana and make this big and historic book, permanent and attractive. From this
aspect, Masnawi-e Mawlana should be named, the gatherer of excellences. Masnawi
is all over a piety and theism book and the Mawlana,s all purposes at this book
are that the human kind should recognize himself and his god as good as
possible and in the light of recognizing his god, worship him and manage and
settle his own life. As we have mentioned, the main and central reason that
have made Masnawi like a valuable and acceptable book for majority of scholarly
persons is presence of various humanitarian senses and and values in this book.
It is also mentionable that in addition of the matters that have mentioned, one
of another main proof that changes Masnawi to a stable and permanent book is
wide and powerful presence of Quraanian subjects and senses in Masnawi which
you can see in allover parts of this book. In truth, Masnawi-e Mawlana seems
like an encyclopedia that embrace permanent matters and from its creation time
up to now slake the thirst of those persons who are desirous of human
knowledges and liberal arts. doubtless the main reason of attractiveness of
Masnawi-e Manawi is the presence of human values and concepts in the allover of
this great book. Our social needs and mental and intellectual necessities to
commend that  be attended carefully  to high and great concepts and senses which
are gathering in the books of literature and gnosis persons, like Mawlana-e
Balkhi and should with full insight and intelligence drink sips from this
infinite ocean and gate advantages from this great treasury and by resorting to
the luminosity and spirituality of Masnawi end to despotic rule of disasters,
anti-values and calamities in our inward an external world.     

Anahtar Kelimeler

Masnawi, Mawlana, Humanitarian Values, Poet

پاره‌ ای از ارزش‌های انسانی در مثنوی مولانا

Öz

مثنوی معنوی بدون تردید، خزانۀ
بزرگ و قابل اعتمادی از ارزش‌ها و کمالات انسانی است. اکثر فضایل اخلاقی و محاسن
انسانی که تصورش در ذهن آدمی ممکن به نظر می‌رسد، در مثنوی معنوی جمع شده و این
اثر بزرگ و تاریخی را جذاب و جاودانه ساخته است؛ از این نگاه، مثنوی را باید
"مجمع‌الفضایل" خواند. مثنوی، سراسر کتاب خدا‌شناسی و خدا‌جویی است. هدف
اصلی و محوری مولانا در مثنوی، این است که آدمی خود و خدای خود را آنچنانی که می‌باید
بشناسد و در پرتو شناخت حقیقی پروردگار، او را عبادت نماید و زندگی خود را سامان
بخشد. از دلایل محوری که مثنوی معنوی را به یکی از آثار قابل پذیرش به اکثر آدمیان
با‌سواد تبدیل نموده، حضور مفاهیم و ارزش‌های متنوع انسانی در این اثر رزشمند است.

ارزش‌های بزرگ انسانی هم‌چون
مدارا، نرم‌خویی، اخلاق نیک، دوری از تعصب و تکبر، احتراز از خودبزرگ‌بینی و
"پندار کمال"، استقلال فکری و اجتناب از تقلید و ... از شمار مفاهیمی
اند که در این مقاله به آن‌ها پرداخته شده و برای هرکدام، شواهد و مصداق‌هایی از
مثنوی مولانا ذکر گردیده است.

 قابل یاد
آوری‌ست که علاوه بر مواردی که ذکر شد، یکی از اصلی‌ترین موضوعات دیگری که مثنوی
را به یک اثر جاودانه و ماندگار تبدیل نموده است؛ حضور برجسته و گستردۀ مطالب
قرآنی در مثنوی است که مولانا به صورت تلمیح یا اقتباس از آن بهره جسته است. حقیقتاً
"مثنوی معنوی مولوی" به دایرة‌المعارف بزرگی می‌ماند که با در بر داشتن
مباحث و مفاهیم جاودانه، از زمان آفرینشش تا این‌دم، عطش تشنه‌گان دانش های انسانی
را فرو نشانده است. بدون شک، یکی از دلایل ماندگاری و جاودانه‌گی این کتاب سترگ و
با‌عظمت همین است که کثیری از مباحث و مفاهیم شکوهمند و پر‌فضیلت را در خود جای
داده و به تبع آن، توجه آدمیان علاقه‌مند به این‌چنین مباحث را به خود جلب نموده
است

Anahtar Kelimeler

مثنوی، مولانا، ارزش های انسانی، شعر.

Kaynakça

• Quraan –e- Kareem
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• Zamani, K. (1385). Sharh –e- mawzooie Masnawi Mawlana Jalaluddin. Tehran: nashr –e- Nay.
• Tayib, M. (1383). Serr –e- haq (dar bayan –e- tareeq –e- wosta wa serat –e- mostaqeem –e- Erfan). Tehran: nashr –e- Safina.
• Fazeli, Q. (1386). Tafseer –e- mawzooie Masnawi. Tehran: entesharat –e- Ettelaat.
• Foroozanfar, B. (1388). Sharh –e- Masnawi shareef. Tehran: entesharat –e- Zawwar.
• Ketabi, A. (1394). Az darya –e- maaref –e- Mawlana. Tehran: entesharat –e- Ettelaat.
• Karimian, Saiqalani, A. (1392). Mabani –e- zebaie shanasi dar Erfan –e- Eslami. Tehran: nashr –e- Samt.
• Karimi, S. (1393). Bang –e- Aab (darecha ie ba jehan nsgari Mawlana). Tehran: entesharat –e- roshd –e- aamozesh.