Siyanobakteri Kaynaklı Toksin Tehlikesi

Öz

Siyanobakteri kaynaklı toksin tehlikesi incelenmiştir. Siyanobakteriler Dünya atmosferinin oluşumuna ve azot fiksasyonuna önemli katkıda bulunan canlılar olmakla beraber insan ve hayvanlar için zehirli çeşitli sekonder metabolitler üretebilmektedirler. Yaklaşık 2.5 milyar yıl önce fotosentez yapma yeteneği kazandığı düşünülen siyanobakteriler dünya atmosferinin oksik duruma geçmesinde rol alan en ilkel fotosentetik canlılardır. Alg ve bakteri arası prokaryotik bir form olan siyanobakteriler dünya üzerinde çok çeşitli ve geniş habitatlara yayılmışlardır. Son yıllarda dünya genelindeki su kaynaklarında ortaya çıkan kirlilik sucul ekosistemlerde siyanobakterilerin aşırı üremelerine öncülük etmektedir. Siyanobakterilerin besin girdisinin yüksek olduğu sucul alanlarda aşırı çoğalmaları olgusu “alg patlaması (bloom)” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Toksik türlerin de dahil olduğu alg patlamaları su kaynaklarının insan faaliyetleri için kullanımını sınırlandırmakta ve içme suyu güvenliğini tehdit etmektedir. Bu derlemede alg patlamaları ile neticelenen süreçteki mekanizmalar ve özellikleri, bazı siyanobakteriler tarafından üretilen siyanotoksinler ve etkileri, zararlı alg patlamalarını tetikleyebilen çevresel dinamikler ve alg patlamalarının henüz gerçekleşmeden önlenmesi veya devam eden alg patlamalarının kontrol altına alınması için uygulanabilecek olası tedbirler tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Siyanobakteri
• Alg patlaması
• Siyanotoksin
• Ötrofikasyon
• Sucul Ekosistem

Kaynakça

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