Greco-Islamic Philosophy and Islamic Jurisprudence in the Ottoman Empire (1300-1600): Aristotle's Theory of Sciences in Works on Usūl al-Fiqh

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

• -

Greco-Islamic Philosophy and Islamic Jurisprudence in the Ottoman Empire (1300-1600): Aristotle's Theory of Sciences in Works on Usūl al-Fiqh

Öz

Bu makale Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun merkezi topraklarında 1300-1600 yılları arasında dini ilimlerdeki gelişmelerin özelliklerinin tespit edilmesi yolunda küçük bir katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu makalede Osmanlı usûl-i fıkh yazarlarının bu ilmin tabiatı ve içeriğine dair düşünceleri incelenmektedir. Bu yazarlar Aristo mantığını benimseyen ve bunu kitaplarında kullanan seleflerinin görüşlerini benimsediler ve geliştirdiler. Onlara göre usûl-i fıkh ve füru-ı fıkhı kapsayan fıkıh ilmi Aristo’nun bir araştırma dalının bilim olarak adlandırılabilmesi için gerekli gördüğü tüm şartları taşıyordu ve bu ispatlanabilirdi

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fıkıh; usûl-i fıkh; felsefe; Aristo mantığı; bilimler teorisi; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda hukuk çalışmaları

Kaynakça

1. ‘Alā’ al-Dīn al-Aswad: Kunūz al-Anwār. Nurosmaniye Kütüphanesi 1334.
2. Abū şāmid al-Ghazzālī: Al-Mustaŝfā, 2 vols. Baghdad: Maktaba al-Muthannā, 1970.
3. Aģmad Tashkoprīzāda: Miftāģ al-Sa‘āda wa-Miŝbāģ al-Siyāda fi Mawēuāt al-‘Ulūm, 3 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyye, 2002.
4. Al-Rahim, Ahmed H.: “The welver Šī‘ī Reception of Avicenna in the Mongol Period”, David C. Reisman and Ahmed H. Al-Rahim (eds.) Before and after Avicenna: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Avicenna Study Group, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2003, pp. 219-231.
5. Başoğlu, Tuncay: “Hicri Beşinci Asır Fıkıh Usulü Eserlerinde İllet Tartışmaları”, Ph.D. diss., Marmara University, 2001.
6. Coulson, N. J.: A History of Islamic Law. Edinburgh: University Press, 1964.
7. El-Rouayheb, Khaled: “Opening the Gate of Verification: The Forgotten Arab–Islamic Florescence of the 17th Century”, International Journal of Middle East Studies 38, no.2 (2006), pp. 263-281.
8. Fadel, Mohammad: “The Social Logic of Taqlīd and the Rise of the Mukhtaŝar”, Islamic Law and Society 3, no. 2 (1996): 193-233.

9. Ferejohn, Michael: The Origins of Aristotelian Science. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1991.
10. Goldziher, Ignaz: “The Attitude of Orthodox Islam toward the Ancient Sciences”, in his Studies on Islam, trans. Merlin L. Swartz, New York: Oxford University Press, 1981, pp. 185-215.
11. Gutas, Dimitri: “The Heritage of Avicenna: The Golden Age of Arabic Philosophy, 1000- ca. 1350”, Jules Janssens and Daniel De Semet (eds.), Avicenna and His Heritage, Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2002, pp. 81-97.
12. Gutas, Dimitri: Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition. Leiden: Brill, 1988. şāfiž al-Dīn al-Nasafī: Matn al-Manār. Istanbul: Mašba‘a-i Aģmad Kāmil, 1326 [1908/09].
13. Hallaq, Wael B.: “Was al-Shafi‘i the Master Architect of Islamic Jurisprudence?” Interna- tional Journal of Middle East Studies 25, no.4 (1993), pp. 587-605.
14. Hallaq, Wael B.: “Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?” International Journal of Middle East Studies 16, no. 1 (1984), pp.
15. Hallaq, Wael B.: Ibn Taymiyya Against the Greek Logicians. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
16. şasan al-Fanārī: şāshiya al-Talwīģ, 3 vols. Cairo: al-Mašba‘a al-Khayriyya, 1322 [1904/05].
17. Hodgson, Marshall G.: The Venture of Islam, 3 vols. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1974.
18. Ibn Kamāl: Taghyīr al-Tanqīģ. Istanbul: Cemal Efendi Matbaası, 1309 [1891/92].
19. Ibn Sīnā, Al-Shifa’ al-Mantiq, Ibrāhīm Madkūr and Abū al-‘Ulā al-‘Afīfī (eds.), 4 vols. Cairo: Al-Hay’a al-‘Āmma, 1965.
20. Jackson, Sherman A.: Islamic Law and the State: The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996.
21. Makdisi, George: “The Juridical Theology of Shāfi’ī: Origins and Significance of Uŝūl al-Fiqh”, Studia Islamica 59 (1984), pp. 5-47.
22. Mayer, Toby: “Theology and Sufism”, Tim Winter (ed.) Classical Islamic Theology, Cam- bridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 258-287.
23. Mollā Khusraw: şāshiya al-Talwīģ, 3 vols. Cairo: Al-Mašba‘a al-Khayriyya, 1322 [1904/05].
24. Mollā Khusraw: Mir’āt al-Uŝūl. Cairo: 1296 [1878/79].
25. Mollā Khusraw: Mirqāt al-Wuŝūl. Istanbul: Şirket-i Sahafiye-i Osmaniye, 1320 [1902/03].
26. Mollā Kirmastī: Al-Madārik al-Aŝliyya. Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Laleli 784.
27. Mollā Kirmastī: Al-Wajīz. Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, İzmir 816.
28. Randall, John Herman: Aristotle. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1960.
29. Rescher, Nicholas: The Development of Arabic Logic. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1964.
30. Ross, W. D.: Aristotle: A Complete Exposition of His Works and Thought. New York: Merid- ian Books, 1959.
31. Sa‘d al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī: Al-Talwīģ ‘alā al-Tawēīģ, 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyye, 1996.
32. Ŝadr al-Sharī‘a ‘Ubayd Allāh al-Maģbūbī: Al-Tawēīģ li-Matn al-Tanqīģ fī Uŝūl al-Fiqh, 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyye, 1996.
33. Sartain, E. M.: Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūšī: Biography and Background, 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
34. Sayf al-Dīn al-Āmidī: Al-Iģkām fī Uŝūl al-Aģkām, 4 vols. Riyadh: Dār al-Sumay‘ī, 2003.
35. Schacht, Joseph: An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.
36. Shams al-Dīn al-Fanarī: Fuŝūl al-Badā’i‘ fī Uŝūl al-Sharā’i‘, 2 vols. Istanbul: Şeyh Yahya Efendi Matbaası, 1289[1872/73].
37. Shehaby, Nabil: “The Influence of Stoic Logic on al-Jaŝŝāŝ’s Legal Theory”, John Emery Murdoch and Edith Dudley Sylla (eds.), The Cultural Context of Medieval Learn- ing, Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1973, pp. 61-75.
38. Shihadeh, Ayman: “From al-Ghazali to al-Razi: 6th/12th Century Developments in Muslim Philosophical Theology”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 15 (2005), pp. 141-179.
39. Weiss, Bernard G.: The Search for God’s Law: Islamic Jurisprudence in the Writings of Sayf al-Dīn al-Āmidī. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1992.
40. Wilson, Malcolm: Aristotle’s Theory of the Unity of Science. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.
41. Wisnovsky, Robert: “One Aspect of the Avicennian Turn in Sunnī Theology”, Arabic Sci- ences and Philosophy 14, no.1 (2004), pp. 65-100.
42. Wisnovsky, Robert: “Avicenna and the Avicennian Tradition”, Peter Adamson and Rich- ard C. Taylor (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 92-136.