Diyar-ı Rum’da Korsanlara da Yer Var mıydı?: 15. ve 16. Yüzyıl Donanma-yı Hümayunu'ndaki Denizcilerin “Osmanlılığı” Meselesi

Yıl 2014, , 235 - 264, 15.04.2014

Christine Isom-verhaaren

https://doi.org/10.18589/oa.562131

Öz

Bu makale, değişik tarihlerde Osmanlı sultanlarına hizmet etmiş beş mühim
denizcinin “Osmanlılığını”, çağdaş ve bazıları otobiyografi niteliğinde olan anlatıların
ışığında incelemektedir. Kemal Reis ve yeğeni Piri Reis, II. Bayezid’in hizmetine girmeden önce Akdeniz’de korsanlık yapmışlardı. Osmanlı hizmetinde sivrilen Piri Reis,
1547’de “Mısır Kapudanlığına” getirildi. Ancak Piri Reis’in Portekizliler’den Hürmüz
kalesini alamaması ve akabindeki idamından sonra, Seydi Ali Reis Mısır Kapudanı
olarak tayin edildi. Osmanlı korsan-denizcilerinin en başarılısı olan Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa, I. Süleyman’ın saltanatı sırasında Akdeniz’deki Osmanlı donanmasına
“kapudan” oldu. Turgud Reis, sahip olduğu yetenek ve deneyime rağmen, Barbaros
Hayreddin Paşa’dan sonra kaptan-ı derya olmayı başaramadı. Buna sebep olan kişi
aynı mevkiye kendi kardeşi Sinan Paşa’yı geçirmek isteyen Başvezir Rüstem Paşa’ydı.
Bu denizcilerin dışarıdaki düşmanlar ve içerideki rakiplere karşı gösterdikleri çabalar
onların Rum, yani Osmanlı sultanının meşru birer hizmetkarı olmak için verdikleri
mücadeleyi gösterir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kimlik, Rum, Korsanlar, Kaptan-ı Derya

Was there Room in Rum for Corsairs?: Who Was an Ottoman in the Naval Forces of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th and 16th Centuries?

Öz

This paper analyzes the “Ottomanness” of five prominent seafarers, mainly
relying on contemporary narrative sources, some of which are autobiographical in
nature. First, Kemal Reis and his nephew Piri Reis sailed the Mediterranean as corsairs
before entering Ottoman service during the reign of Bayezid II. Piri Reis eventually
became Mısır Kapudanı with responsibilities in the Indian Ocean in 1547. Seydi Ali
Reis was appointed Mısır Kapudanı after Piri Reis’ failure to conquer Hormuz and
subsequent execution. Hayreddin Pasha, the most successful Ottoman corsair seafarer,
became Kapudan (grand admiral) of the Ottoman Mediterranean fleet during the reign
of Süleyman. Finally, Turgud Reis failed to succeed Hayreddin as Kapudan (grand admiral) despite his expertise, because of the opposition of Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha
who obtained the position for his own brother, Sinan Pasha. The seafarers’ experiences countering enemies without and rivals within, illustrate their battle to become
acknowledged as legitimate servants of the ruler of Rum, the Ottoman sultan.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Identity, Rum, Corsairs, Kapudan Pasha

Kaynakça

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