Öz
Kadızadelilik Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda görülen en ilginç dini hareketlerden
birisidir. 17. yüzyılı, bu hareketin sonraki gelişimini de biçimlendiren bir oluşum
devresi olarak gören bir çok araştırmacı, çalışmalarını çoğunlukla bu hareketin erken
tarihçesine odaklamışlardır. Bu çalışmada, yazar, Kırım’da temsilini bulan ve Osmanlı
entellektüel çevrelerine yakinen bağlı olan son dönem Kadızadeli geleneklerinden
birini ele almaktadır. Araştırma, bölgedeki Kadızadeli ilmî birikiminin anahatlarını,
-Muhammed el-Kefevî (ö. 1754), Muhammed el-Akkirmanî (ö. 1761) ve Kutbüddîn el-Kırımî (ö. 1800?) isimlerinin mirasları da dahil olmak üzere-, göstermektedir.
Araştırmadaki temel argüman Kadızadeliler’in ‘doğru Sünnet’i yeniden tesis etme
iddialarının geleneksel Sünnî teoloji ve ahlakının yeniden yorumlanması anlamına
da geldiğidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Post-Klasik İslam Kadızadelilik Kırım Hanlığı İslam’da reform İbn-i Sina sonrası dinbilim/teoloji Tek tanrıcılık öğretisi Özgür irade
Kaynakça
- Bibliography Al-Aqkirmānī, Muģammad: ’Iqd al-Qalā’īd fī Sharģ al-‘Aqā’īd, Princeton University Library. Robert Garrett Collection. No. 4214 Y. Al-Aqkirmānī, Muģammad: Risālah fī al-bismillah, Princeton University Library. Robert Garrett Collection. No. 832. Al-Aqkirmānī, Muģammad: Sharģ aģādīth al-‘Arba’īn, Istanbul: Aqdām Mašba’ī, 1905. Al-Ģanbalī, Ibn Rajab: Kashf al-Kurbah fi Waŝf Ģāl Ahl al-Gurba, in Majmū’ Rasā’īl ibn Rajab al-Ģanbalī, ed. by A. Al-Ģalawānī, Cairo: Dār al-Fārūq al-Ģāditha, 2003. pp. 315-332. Al-Kafawī, Muģammad: Ģāshiyah ‘alā al-Lārī, Istanbul: Mašba‘a Sulšāna, 1867. Al-Kafawī, Muģammad: Ģāshiyah ’alā sharģ Adab al-Baģth. Vernads’ky National Library of Ukraine. Manuscripts division. 74 No. 49. Al-Kafawī, Muģammad: Risālah fi Ithbāt al-Wājib, Princeton University Library. Robert Garrett Collection. No. ELS 3409. Al-Kafawī, Muģammad: Sharģ kalimāt lāgaziyah li-l-Birkawī, Princeton University Library. Robert Garrett Collection, 4212Y. Al-Khādimī, Abu Sa’īd: Al-Barīqah Sharģ al-Šarīqah, Istanbul: Hakikat Kitabevi, 2011. Al-Lāmishī, Abu al-Thāna’: Al-Tamhīd ila Qawā’īd al-Tawģid, ed. by A. Turkī, Beirut: Dār al-Garb al-Islāmī, 1995. Al-Maģbūbī, Ubaid Allah: Sharģ al-Talwīģ ‘alā al-Tawēīģ li-matni al-Tanqīģ fī Uŝūl alFiqh, ed. by Zakariyah ‘Amirat, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1416/1996. MYKHAYLO M. YAKUBOVYCH 169 Al-Nāblusi, ‘Abd al-Gānī: Al-Hadīqah al-Nadiyah, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 2011. Al-Qirīmī, Qušb al-Dīn: Rāģah al-Ummah fī Dār al-Mū’minah. Milli Kütüphane (Ankara). No. 3577/1. F. 1a-13b. Al-Rūmī, Aģmad: Majālis al-Abrār wa Masālik al-Akhyār wa Maģaīq al-Bida’ah wa Maqāmi’ al-Ashrār, Madinah: Jāmi’ah al-Islāmiyah, 2007. Al-Rūmī: Aģmad: Majālis al-Abrār wa Masālik al-Akhyār wa Maģaīq al-Bida’ah wa Maqāmi’ al-Ashrār. Lviv Museum of the History of Religion. No. 6494. 302 ff. Al-San’ānī, Muģammad: Tašhīr al-‘Ittiqād ‘an Adrān al-Ilģad. Ed. by Naŝir bin Hasan, Makkah: Al-Waģīd, 1425/2009. Al-Sindī, Muhammad: Al-Ifāēatu al-Madaniyah fī al-Irādah al-Juz’iyyah, Riyad: Maktabah al-Rushd, 2002. Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, Muģammad: “Al-Jāmi’ li-’Ibādah Allahu Waģdahu,” Silsilah Sharģ al-Rasa’īl (Cairo: Dār al-Furqān, 1424/2008), pp. 245-279. Brodersen, Angelika: “Göttliches und menschliches Handeln im māturīditischen kalām”, Jahrbuch für Islamische Theologie und Religionspädagogik, 2 (2013), pp. 117-139. Bruckmayr, Philipp: “The Particular Will (al-irādat al-juz’iyya): Excavations Regarding a Latecomer in Kalām Terminology on Human Agency and its Position in Naqshbandi Discourse”, European Journal of Turkish Studies, 13 (2011), pp. 2-19. Bursalı, Mehmed Tahir: Osmanlı Müellifleri, İstanbul: Meral Yayınevi, 1975. Curry, John: “Kadizadeli Ottoman Scholarship, Muģammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, and the Rise of the Saudi State”, Journal of Islamic Studies, 26/3 (2015), pp. 265-288. Curry, John: The Transformation of Muslim Mystical Thought in the Ottoman Empire: The Rise of the Halveti Order, 1350-1650 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010). Dağ, Neslihan: “Muhammed B. Mustafa Akkirmani’nin İklilü’t-Teracim adlı eserinde felsefi kavramlar” (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Elazığ: Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006. Dalkıran, Sayın: “Akkirmânî’nin İrâde-i Cüziyye ile İlgili Risâlesi ve Değerlendirmesi”, EKEV Akademi Dergisi - Sosyal Bilimler, 2 (1998), pp. 173-180. Evstatiev, Simeon: Qāēīzādeli Movement and the Revival of Takfīr in the Ottoman Age, Accusations of Unbelief in Islam A Diachronic Perspective on Takfīr, ed. by Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro and Sabine Schmidtke, Leiden: Brill, 2016, pp. 213-244. Filan, Kerima: “Religious Puritans in Sarajevo in the 18th Century”, Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 33 (2013), pp. 43-62. Heern, Zackery: The Emergence of Modern Shi’ism: Islamic Reform in Iraq and Iran, London: Oneworld Publications, 2015. CRIMEAN SCHOLARS 170 Kellner-Heinkele, Barbara: “Crimean Tatar and Nogay Scholars of the 18th Century”, Muslim Culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the Early 20th Centuries, ed. by. Kemper, M.; von Kügelgen, A.; Yermakov, D., Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1996, p. 279-296. Muminov, Ashirbek: “Manuscripts of “Kata’ib A‘lam al-Akhyar”: New Materials for the Biography and Activity of Mahmud ibn Sulayman al-Kafawi”, Written Monuments of the Orient, 2/19 (2013), pp. 159-177. Pehlivan, Necmettin: “Muhammed Kefevî ve “Risâle fî’l- Âdâbı”, Felsefe Dünyası, 56 (2012), p. 322-333. Pessagno, Mertic J: Irāda, “Ikhtiyār, Qudra, Kasb the View of Abū Manŝur al-Māturīdī”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 104 (1984), p. 177-191. Sariyannis, Marinos: “The Kadızadeli Movement as a Social and Political Phenomenon: The Rise of a ‘Mercantile Ethic’?”, Political Initiatives “From the Bottom Up” in the Ottoman Empire, Rhetymmo: Crete University Press, 2012, pp. 263-291. Schubert, Gudrun: “Ahmad b. Abdallah al-Qrimi, ein Verteidiger Ibn al-Arabis gegen die Orthodoxie”, Asiatische Studien, 48 (1994), pp. 1379-1381. The Qur’an. Translated by Sahih International Team, Birmingham: Maktabah Booksellers and Publishers, 2010. Toksöz, Hatice: “Muhammed Akkirmânî’nin Ta’rîfâtü’l-fünûn ve menâkıbü’l-musannifîn Adlı Eserinde Felsefî İlimler Algısı”, Osmanlı Araştırmaları, 42 (2013), p. 177-205. Zilfi, Madeline: “The Kadizadelis: Discordant Revivalism in Seventeenth-Century İstanbul”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 45/4, (1986), pp. 251-269.
Öz
Kadizadelism is one of the most interesting religious movements in the
Ottoman Empire. Researchers have mostly focused their studies on its early history,
considering 17th century as the formative period with the subsequent florescence.
In this study, I examine a sub-tradition in the later history of the Kadizadeli movement, represented in Crimea and strongly connected with the Ottoman intellectual
circles. The research provides an outline of the Kadizadeli scholarship in the region,
including the legacy of Muģammad al-Kafawī (d. 1754), Muģammad al-Aqkirmānī
(d. 1761), and Qušb al-Dīn al-Qirīmī (d. ca. 1800). It is argued that their claim for
the restoration of the “true Sunnah” included the reinterpretation of the traditional
Sunni theology and ethics.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Post-Classical Islam Kadizadelism Crimea Reform in Islam Post-Avicennian theology Doctrine of monotheism Free will.
Kaynakça
- Bibliography Al-Aqkirmānī, Muģammad: ’Iqd al-Qalā’īd fī Sharģ al-‘Aqā’īd, Princeton University Library. Robert Garrett Collection. No. 4214 Y. Al-Aqkirmānī, Muģammad: Risālah fī al-bismillah, Princeton University Library. Robert Garrett Collection. No. 832. Al-Aqkirmānī, Muģammad: Sharģ aģādīth al-‘Arba’īn, Istanbul: Aqdām Mašba’ī, 1905. Al-Ģanbalī, Ibn Rajab: Kashf al-Kurbah fi Waŝf Ģāl Ahl al-Gurba, in Majmū’ Rasā’īl ibn Rajab al-Ģanbalī, ed. by A. Al-Ģalawānī, Cairo: Dār al-Fārūq al-Ģāditha, 2003. pp. 315-332. Al-Kafawī, Muģammad: Ģāshiyah ‘alā al-Lārī, Istanbul: Mašba‘a Sulšāna, 1867. Al-Kafawī, Muģammad: Ģāshiyah ’alā sharģ Adab al-Baģth. Vernads’ky National Library of Ukraine. Manuscripts division. 74 No. 49. Al-Kafawī, Muģammad: Risālah fi Ithbāt al-Wājib, Princeton University Library. Robert Garrett Collection. No. ELS 3409. Al-Kafawī, Muģammad: Sharģ kalimāt lāgaziyah li-l-Birkawī, Princeton University Library. Robert Garrett Collection, 4212Y. Al-Khādimī, Abu Sa’īd: Al-Barīqah Sharģ al-Šarīqah, Istanbul: Hakikat Kitabevi, 2011. Al-Lāmishī, Abu al-Thāna’: Al-Tamhīd ila Qawā’īd al-Tawģid, ed. by A. Turkī, Beirut: Dār al-Garb al-Islāmī, 1995. Al-Maģbūbī, Ubaid Allah: Sharģ al-Talwīģ ‘alā al-Tawēīģ li-matni al-Tanqīģ fī Uŝūl alFiqh, ed. by Zakariyah ‘Amirat, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1416/1996. MYKHAYLO M. YAKUBOVYCH 169 Al-Nāblusi, ‘Abd al-Gānī: Al-Hadīqah al-Nadiyah, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 2011. Al-Qirīmī, Qušb al-Dīn: Rāģah al-Ummah fī Dār al-Mū’minah. Milli Kütüphane (Ankara). No. 3577/1. F. 1a-13b. Al-Rūmī, Aģmad: Majālis al-Abrār wa Masālik al-Akhyār wa Maģaīq al-Bida’ah wa Maqāmi’ al-Ashrār, Madinah: Jāmi’ah al-Islāmiyah, 2007. Al-Rūmī: Aģmad: Majālis al-Abrār wa Masālik al-Akhyār wa Maģaīq al-Bida’ah wa Maqāmi’ al-Ashrār. Lviv Museum of the History of Religion. No. 6494. 302 ff. Al-San’ānī, Muģammad: Tašhīr al-‘Ittiqād ‘an Adrān al-Ilģad. Ed. by Naŝir bin Hasan, Makkah: Al-Waģīd, 1425/2009. Al-Sindī, Muhammad: Al-Ifāēatu al-Madaniyah fī al-Irādah al-Juz’iyyah, Riyad: Maktabah al-Rushd, 2002. Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, Muģammad: “Al-Jāmi’ li-’Ibādah Allahu Waģdahu,” Silsilah Sharģ al-Rasa’īl (Cairo: Dār al-Furqān, 1424/2008), pp. 245-279. Brodersen, Angelika: “Göttliches und menschliches Handeln im māturīditischen kalām”, Jahrbuch für Islamische Theologie und Religionspädagogik, 2 (2013), pp. 117-139. Bruckmayr, Philipp: “The Particular Will (al-irādat al-juz’iyya): Excavations Regarding a Latecomer in Kalām Terminology on Human Agency and its Position in Naqshbandi Discourse”, European Journal of Turkish Studies, 13 (2011), pp. 2-19. Bursalı, Mehmed Tahir: Osmanlı Müellifleri, İstanbul: Meral Yayınevi, 1975. Curry, John: “Kadizadeli Ottoman Scholarship, Muģammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, and the Rise of the Saudi State”, Journal of Islamic Studies, 26/3 (2015), pp. 265-288. Curry, John: The Transformation of Muslim Mystical Thought in the Ottoman Empire: The Rise of the Halveti Order, 1350-1650 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010). Dağ, Neslihan: “Muhammed B. Mustafa Akkirmani’nin İklilü’t-Teracim adlı eserinde felsefi kavramlar” (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Elazığ: Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006. Dalkıran, Sayın: “Akkirmânî’nin İrâde-i Cüziyye ile İlgili Risâlesi ve Değerlendirmesi”, EKEV Akademi Dergisi - Sosyal Bilimler, 2 (1998), pp. 173-180. Evstatiev, Simeon: Qāēīzādeli Movement and the Revival of Takfīr in the Ottoman Age, Accusations of Unbelief in Islam A Diachronic Perspective on Takfīr, ed. by Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro and Sabine Schmidtke, Leiden: Brill, 2016, pp. 213-244. Filan, Kerima: “Religious Puritans in Sarajevo in the 18th Century”, Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 33 (2013), pp. 43-62. Heern, Zackery: The Emergence of Modern Shi’ism: Islamic Reform in Iraq and Iran, London: Oneworld Publications, 2015. CRIMEAN SCHOLARS 170 Kellner-Heinkele, Barbara: “Crimean Tatar and Nogay Scholars of the 18th Century”, Muslim Culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the Early 20th Centuries, ed. by. Kemper, M.; von Kügelgen, A.; Yermakov, D., Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1996, p. 279-296. Muminov, Ashirbek: “Manuscripts of “Kata’ib A‘lam al-Akhyar”: New Materials for the Biography and Activity of Mahmud ibn Sulayman al-Kafawi”, Written Monuments of the Orient, 2/19 (2013), pp. 159-177. Pehlivan, Necmettin: “Muhammed Kefevî ve “Risâle fî’l- Âdâbı”, Felsefe Dünyası, 56 (2012), p. 322-333. Pessagno, Mertic J: Irāda, “Ikhtiyār, Qudra, Kasb the View of Abū Manŝur al-Māturīdī”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 104 (1984), p. 177-191. Sariyannis, Marinos: “The Kadızadeli Movement as a Social and Political Phenomenon: The Rise of a ‘Mercantile Ethic’?”, Political Initiatives “From the Bottom Up” in the Ottoman Empire, Rhetymmo: Crete University Press, 2012, pp. 263-291. Schubert, Gudrun: “Ahmad b. Abdallah al-Qrimi, ein Verteidiger Ibn al-Arabis gegen die Orthodoxie”, Asiatische Studien, 48 (1994), pp. 1379-1381. The Qur’an. Translated by Sahih International Team, Birmingham: Maktabah Booksellers and Publishers, 2010. Toksöz, Hatice: “Muhammed Akkirmânî’nin Ta’rîfâtü’l-fünûn ve menâkıbü’l-musannifîn Adlı Eserinde Felsefî İlimler Algısı”, Osmanlı Araştırmaları, 42 (2013), p. 177-205. Zilfi, Madeline: “The Kadizadelis: Discordant Revivalism in Seventeenth-Century İstanbul”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 45/4, (1986), pp. 251-269.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Mart 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 |