Abdülhamit Zehravi ve Düşüncesini Yeniden Düşünmek: Bir Arap Milliyetçisinin Osmanlı Siyasetçisi Olarak Entelektüel Portresi

Yıl 2018, , 239 - 263, 20.04.2018

Nobuyoshi Fujinami

https://doi.org/10.18589/oa.591834

Öz

Bir Osmanlı-Arap milletvekili olan Abdülhamid Zehravi, genellikle yalnızca
Arap milliyetçiliği bakış açısından araştırılmıştır. Ancak Zehravi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun getirdiği emperyal yapıyı takdir ediyor ve Batı istilasına karşı durabilmenin
yegane yolunun ‘güç olmak’tan geçtiğini düşünüyordu. Zehravi bireye değil milletlere dayanan Osmanlı politik birliğini (ittihad-ı anasır) destekledi. Bu arzulanan politik birlik hedefine ulaşmak için etnik-dini çatışmalara yol açmadan politika eğitimine olan ihtiyaca dikkat çekmiştir.
Zehravi’nin elitist mentalitesi gerektiğinde disiplinizasyon yöntemlerini kullanmaya ve “cahil” halklar ya da “barbar” Arap göçmenlerini aydınlatmaya itmiştir. Teorik
alanda Zehravi’nin her ne kadar katkısı varsa da siyaset alanında pek de gerçekçi
ve pragmatik bir çözüm sunamamıştır; cemaatlerden oluşan Osmanlı milleti düşüncesi, birey üzerine kurulmuş olan o zamanki Osmanlı anayasacılık sistemiyle
uyuşmamaktadır. Osmanlı entelektüel tarihi açısından bakıldığında Zehravi ile döneminin Arap olmayan diğer Osmanlı entelektüelleri arasında pek çok ortak yön
bulunmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, İkinci Meşrutiyet, Jön Türkler, Arap Milliyetçiliği, Terbiye-i Siyasiye

‘Abd al-Ģamīd al-Zahrāwī and His Thought Reconsidered: An Intellectual Portrait of the Arab Nationalist as an Ottoman Politician

Öz

Abd al-Ģamīd al-Zahrāwī, an Ottoman-Arab MP, has been studied exclusively from the perspective of Arab nationalism. In fact, he highly evaluated the imperial
framework and deduced that the only possible way of resisting the Western invasion
was by means of power. Zahrāwī espoused the political unity of Ottomans, based on
communities and not individuals. He advocated the need for political education in order to realize this desirable political unity, without inviting the ethno-religious conflicts.
His elitist mentality led him to rely on, if necessary, disciplinary coercion and educate
the “ignorant” masses and the “barbarous” nomads. His theoretical contributions notwithstanding, Zahrāwī could not persuasively introduce a pragmatic alternative to realize his ideas in the context of Ottoman constitutional politics. His preference of communitarian over individual egalitarianism contradicted the legal as well as institutional
reality of Ottoman constitutionalism. From the viewpoint of Ottoman intellectual
history, Zahrāwī had much in common with his non-Arab colleagues.

Kaynakça

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