Araştırma Makalesi
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Çöküşten Dönüşüme: Osmanlı Tarihinde Yeni Bir Paradigma Üzerine Düşünceler

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 60, 27 - 60, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18589/oa.1223519

Öz

Bu makale, Osmanlı araştırmaları alanında yeni ortaya çıkmış bir paradigma olarak “dönüşüm” kavramını ele almaktadır. Öncelikle, 20. yüzyılın son otuz yılında ortaya konan 16 ve 18. yüzyıl Osmanlı araştırmalarında geniş çapta yer bulan gerileme teorilerinin eleştirisi yapıldı. İkinci olarak ise son yirmi yılda yayımlanan pek çok makale ve kitapta 19. yüzyılın, dönüşümün yeni bir altın çağı olarak nitelendirilmesi mercek altına alındı. Bu makale mevcut paradigmanın özgünlüğünü, yaygın ancak basmakalıp temalar bağlamında sorguladıktan sonra paradigmanın kullanışlılığını meydan okuma ve imkanlar çerçevesinde ölçmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu paradigmada, dönüşümcülük gerilemecilikten kapsamlı bir analiz sunamadığı sebebiyle ayrışıyorsa da, kullanmaktan kaçındığını iddia etmesine rağmen ona bağımlı olduğu iki baskın özelliğini de taklit eder: -müessese tarihinin kadir-i mutlaklığı ve adını dahi anmadığı bir modernizm kuramı-. Kısacası bu yeni beyan, bir paradigma dönüşümü iddiasının cazibesini kullanarak eski tarih yazımını yeniden üretmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Bibliyografya Abou El-Haj, Rifat: The Formation of the Modern State: The Ottoman Empire, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991. Abou El-Haj, Rifat: “Theorizing in Historical Writing Beyond the Nation-State: Ottoman Society in the Middle Period”, in Ingeborg Baldauf and Suraiya Faroqhi (eds.), Armağan. Festschrift für Andreas Tietze, Prague: Enigma Corporation, 1994, p. 1-18. Ágoston, Gábor: Guns for the Sultan. Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Aksan, Virginia H.: “Locating the Ottomans Among Early Modern Empires”, Journal of Early Modern History, 3/2 (1999), p. 103-134. Akarlı, Engin D.: “The Problems of External Pressures, Power Struggles, and Budgetary Deficits in Ottoman Politics under Abdülhamid II (1876-1909): Origins and Solutions”, Unpub. Ph.D. Diss., Princeton University, 1976. Akdağ, Mustafa, Celâlî İsyanları (1550-1603), Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Yayınları, 1963. Anastasopoulos, Antonis (ed.): Political Initiatives ‘From the Bottom Up’ in the Ottoman Empire. Halcyon Days in Crete VII. A Symposium Held in Rethymno. 9-11 January 2009, Herakleion: Crete University Press, 2012. Armağan, Mustafa (ed.): Osmanlı Tarihini Yeniden Yazmak. Gerileme Paradigmasını Sonu, Istanbul: Timaş, 2011. Aymes, Marc: “Dissipation de l’État: l’Impensé des institutions ottomanes”, Workshop Servir l’État en Turquie, Paris: EHESS, 5 Dec. 2008. Aymes, Marc: “La lettre saisit l’esprit. Histoire probatoire d’un programme de réforme”, Cahiers du Centre de recherche historique, 45 (2010), p. 75-93. Barbir, Karl: “The Changing Face of the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century: Past and Future Scholarship”, Oriente Moderno, Nuova serie, 18 (79)/1 (1999), p. 253-267. Barkey, Karen: Bandits and Bureaucrats: The Ottoman Route of State Centralization, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1994. Barkey, Karen: Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Başaran, Betül: Selim III, Social Control and Policing in Istanbul at the End of the Eighteenth Century. Between Crisis and Order, Leiden: Brill, 2014. Bellér-Hann, Ildikó and Chris Hann: Turkish Region: State, Market & Social Identities on the East Black Sea Coast, Oxford: School of American Research Press, 2001. Berger, Peter and Thomas Luckmann: La construction sociale de la réalité, Paris: Armand Colin, 1996 (French edition). Berkes, Niyazi: The Development of Secularism in Turkey, Montreal: Mc Gill University Press, 1964. Bin Wong, Roy: China Transformed: Historical Change and the Limits of European Experience, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. Blumi, Isa: Rethinking the Late Ottoman Empire: A Comparative Social and Political History of Albania and Yemen, 1878-1918, Istanbul: The Isis Press, 2003. Blumi, Isa: Foundations of Modernity, Human Agency and the Imperial State, New York: Routledge, 2012. Bouquet, Olivier: review of Virginia A. Aksan, Daniel Goffman (eds.): The Early Modern Ottomans. Remapping the Empire, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007, Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, 57/1 (2010), p. 221-224. Bouquet, Olivier: “Is It Time to Stop Speaking about Ottoman Modernisation?”, in Marc Aymes, Élise Massicard and Benjamin Gourisse (eds.), Order and Compromise: Patterns of Government and Administration in Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, Leiden: Brill, 2015, p. 45-67. Brummett, Palmira: “Gender and Empire in Late Ottoman Istanbul: Caricature, Models of Empire, and the Case for Ottoman Exceptionalism”, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27/2 (2007), p. 283-302. 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From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 60, 27 - 60, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18589/oa.1223519

Öz

This article addresses transformation as a newly emerging paradigm in the field of Ottoman studies. It examines the relationship between two historiographical sequences: first, the decline theories widely supported by Ottoman studies of the 16th to 18th century conducted over the last three decades of the 20th century are criticised; second, the characterization of the 19th century as a new golden age of transformation in articles and books published in increasing numbers during the last twenty years is put under scrutiny. After questioning the novelty of this paradigm in light of dominant yet hackneyed themes, this paper proposes to measure its usefulness in terms of challenges and opportunities for research. Overall, it appears on the one hand that if
transformationism differs from declinism in that it denies providing a comprehensive model of analysis, on the other hand it mimics it insofar as it still depends on two dominant traits which it directly claimed to avoid - the omnipotence of the history of institutions and a theory of modernization that dares not speak its name. In short, under the pretence of an appeal to paradigmatic renewal, this statement of principle only reproduces old historiographical habits.

Kaynakça

  • Bibliyografya Abou El-Haj, Rifat: The Formation of the Modern State: The Ottoman Empire, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991. Abou El-Haj, Rifat: “Theorizing in Historical Writing Beyond the Nation-State: Ottoman Society in the Middle Period”, in Ingeborg Baldauf and Suraiya Faroqhi (eds.), Armağan. Festschrift für Andreas Tietze, Prague: Enigma Corporation, 1994, p. 1-18. Ágoston, Gábor: Guns for the Sultan. Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Aksan, Virginia H.: “Locating the Ottomans Among Early Modern Empires”, Journal of Early Modern History, 3/2 (1999), p. 103-134. Akarlı, Engin D.: “The Problems of External Pressures, Power Struggles, and Budgetary Deficits in Ottoman Politics under Abdülhamid II (1876-1909): Origins and Solutions”, Unpub. Ph.D. Diss., Princeton University, 1976. Akdağ, Mustafa, Celâlî İsyanları (1550-1603), Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Yayınları, 1963. Anastasopoulos, Antonis (ed.): Political Initiatives ‘From the Bottom Up’ in the Ottoman Empire. Halcyon Days in Crete VII. A Symposium Held in Rethymno. 9-11 January 2009, Herakleion: Crete University Press, 2012. Armağan, Mustafa (ed.): Osmanlı Tarihini Yeniden Yazmak. Gerileme Paradigmasını Sonu, Istanbul: Timaş, 2011. Aymes, Marc: “Dissipation de l’État: l’Impensé des institutions ottomanes”, Workshop Servir l’État en Turquie, Paris: EHESS, 5 Dec. 2008. Aymes, Marc: “La lettre saisit l’esprit. Histoire probatoire d’un programme de réforme”, Cahiers du Centre de recherche historique, 45 (2010), p. 75-93. Barbir, Karl: “The Changing Face of the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century: Past and Future Scholarship”, Oriente Moderno, Nuova serie, 18 (79)/1 (1999), p. 253-267. Barkey, Karen: Bandits and Bureaucrats: The Ottoman Route of State Centralization, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1994. Barkey, Karen: Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Başaran, Betül: Selim III, Social Control and Policing in Istanbul at the End of the Eighteenth Century. Between Crisis and Order, Leiden: Brill, 2014. Bellér-Hann, Ildikó and Chris Hann: Turkish Region: State, Market & Social Identities on the East Black Sea Coast, Oxford: School of American Research Press, 2001. Berger, Peter and Thomas Luckmann: La construction sociale de la réalité, Paris: Armand Colin, 1996 (French edition). Berkes, Niyazi: The Development of Secularism in Turkey, Montreal: Mc Gill University Press, 1964. Bin Wong, Roy: China Transformed: Historical Change and the Limits of European Experience, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. 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Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Olivier Bouquet Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 60

Kaynak Göster

APA Bouquet, O. (2022). From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, 60(60), 27-60. https://doi.org/10.18589/oa.1223519
AMA Bouquet O. From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History. OA. Aralık 2022;60(60):27-60. doi:10.18589/oa.1223519
Chicago Bouquet, Olivier. “From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History”. Osmanlı Araştırmaları 60, sy. 60 (Aralık 2022): 27-60. https://doi.org/10.18589/oa.1223519.
EndNote Bouquet O (01 Aralık 2022) From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History. Osmanlı Araştırmaları 60 60 27–60.
IEEE O. Bouquet, “From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History”, OA, c. 60, sy. 60, ss. 27–60, 2022, doi: 10.18589/oa.1223519.
ISNAD Bouquet, Olivier. “From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History”. Osmanlı Araştırmaları 60/60 (Aralık 2022), 27-60. https://doi.org/10.18589/oa.1223519.
JAMA Bouquet O. From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History. OA. 2022;60:27–60.
MLA Bouquet, Olivier. “From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History”. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, c. 60, sy. 60, 2022, ss. 27-60, doi:10.18589/oa.1223519.
Vancouver Bouquet O. From Decline to Transformation: Reflections on a New Paradigm in Ottoman History. OA. 2022;60(60):27-60.