Orta Asya’da Doğu Kilisesi’nin Yükselişi: Soğd Hıristiyanlığı ve İzleri

Öz

M.S. V. yüzyılda bağımsızlaşan Doğu Kilisesi önce Pers coğrafyası ardından ise Asya coğrafyasının tamamında etkinlik ve faaliyet göstermeye başladı. Onların misyonları sonucunda M.S. VI. yüzyılda Hıristiyanlık daha spesifik bir ifade ile Nesturîlik ve kolları, Asya’nın Zerdüştçülük, Budizm gibi yerel dinleri, temel inanç sistemleri arasına girdi. Doğu Kilisesi’nin Asya’daki faaliyetinin başladığı dönem, Soğd coğrafyasının siyasi bakımdan oldukça istikrarsız, buna karşın ekonomik faaliyet açısından hareketli ve Soğdların Asya ticaret güzergahları boyunca kolonileşmeye başladığı zamana tekabül etti. Tek bir siyasi otoritenin hâkim olmadığı Soğd topraklarında tek bir dinin de ideolojik ve inanç bakımından hakimiyeti söz konusu değildi. Dinî hayat konusunda Soğd toplumsal yapısının esnek karakterini kullanan Doğu Kilisesi, Pers ve Baktriya coğrafyasında teşkilatlandıktan sonra etkisini Soğdya’ya ve Soğdya’nın başkenti Semerkant’a kadar genişletti ve M.S. VI-VII. yüzyıllarda Soğd kültür çevresine dahil oldu. Bu çalışmada Doğu Hıristiyanlığının Soğdya’da teşekkülü, Soğd toplum dokusuna uyumu ve Hıristiyanlığın Asya çapında yayılmasında Soğdların rolü, esas olarak mimarî ve Soğdlar tarafından üretilen Hıristiyan dinî metinleri çerçevesinde irdelenecektir. Bu çalışmanın hedeflerinden bir diğeri ise Soğd Hıristiyanlığının temel karakteristiklerini ortaya çıkarmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soğdya
• Nesturîlik
• Doğu Kilisesi
• Urgut Kilisesi
• Turfan Koleksiyonu

The Rise of the Eastern Church in Central Asia: Sogdian Christianity and Its Traces (6th and 9th Centuries)

Öz

The Eastern Church, which became independent in the 5th century (CE), began to operate first in the Persian geography and then in the whole of Asia. As a result of their missions, in the 6th century (CE), Christianity, more specifically Nestorianism and its branches, local religions of Asia such as Zoroastrianism and Buddhism, became one of the basic religious cults. The beginning of the Eastern Church's activity in Asia corresponded to the time when the Sogdiana was politically rather unstable, yet vibrant in economic activity, and the Sogdians began to colonize along the Asian trade routes. In the Sogdian lands, where a single political authority did not dominate, there was no single religion's dominance in terms of ideology and belief. The Eastern Church, which used the relax character of the Sogdian social structure for religious life, expanded its influence on Sogdia and Samarkand, the capital of Sogdia, after being organized in Persia and Bactria. The new religion was incorporated into the Sogdian culture fabric in the 6th and 7th centuries. In this study, the formation of Eastern Christianity in Sogdia, its harmony with the Sogdian social fabric and the role of the Sogdians in the spread of Christianity throughout Asia will be examined mainly within the framework of architecture and Christian religious texts produced by the Sogdians. Another aim of this study is to reveal the basic characteristics of Sogdian Christianity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sogdiana
• Nestorianism
• The Eastern Church
• The Urgut Church
• Turfan Collection.

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