A Free Archer in Medieval England: Robin Hood

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 248 - 263, 26.12.2019

Gülnur Özer

Öz

Generally the  Medieval Europe  has a complicated and mystic structure. And
also the XIV century, which is considered the century of disasters in European
history, can also be regarded as the period in which great changes took place
with in England.In other words, the outbreaks, famine and the search for
freedom of the oppressed people under political confusion have led to the
development of the concept of nation and laws on personal rights in England.The
greatest heroes of these achievements are Free Archers, the supporters of the
peasants who started to hunt in the forests and escape from the oppression of
feudal lords.Serious sanctions in the laws on these groups, which are shown as
outlaws, forced men to give up bandit.All of their assets and rights were taken
away and they were fled to the forests and hunted.Robin Hood is the most
beloved of these people.Not only did Robin Hood glorify his heroism, but also
the changes in the lives of the British people.In this study, we tried to treat
Robin Hood as a historical character by including historical records and ballad
sections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Europe, Robin Hood, Outlaws, Ballad, Free Archers, England

Orta Çağ İngiltere’sinde Özgür bir Okçu: Robin Hood

Öz

Orta Çağ Avrupası genel
olarak karmaşık ve mistik bir yapıya sahiptir. 
Ayrıca Avrupa tarihinin felaketler yüzyılı olarak kabul edilen XIV.
yüzyıl, aynı zamanda İngiltere içinde büyük değişimlerin yaşandığı bir dönem  olarak da kabul edilebilir. Şöyle ki,
yaşanılan salgınlar, kıtlık ve siyasi karışıkların altında ezilen halkın
özgürlük arayışları İngiltere’de ulus kavramını ve kişisel haklara yönelik
yasaların gelişmesini de sağlamıştır. Bu kazanımların en büyük kahramanları ise
feodal beylerin baskılarından kaçıp ormanlarda avlanmaya başlayan ve köylülerin
destekçisi olan Özgür Okçulardır. Kanun kaçağı olarak gösterilen bu gruplar
hakkındaki yasalardaki ciddi yaptırımlar erkekleri haydutluktan vazgeçmeye
zorlamıştır. Tüm mal varlıkları ve hakları ellerinden alınan bu kişiler,
ormanlara kaçarak avlanmışlardır. Halkın gözünde kahraman statüsüne yükselen bu
kişilerin en sevileni ise Robin Hood adlı hayduttur. Onun kahramanlıklarını
dilden dile aktaran baladlar ile sadece Robin Hood yüceltilmemiş, aynı zamanda
İngiliz halkının hayatındaki değişikliklere de değinilmiştir. Bu çalışmada
efsanesinin yanı sıra tarihi kayıtlara ve baladlardan kesitlere yer vererek
Robin Hood’u tarihi bir karakter olarak ele almaya çalıştık. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa, Robin Hood, , Kanun Kaçakları, balad, özgür okçular, İngiltere

Kaynakça

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