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Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 266 - 275, 26.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.800588

Öz

1960’lı yıllardan itibaren, mekânın çok katmanlı sosyal bir kurgu olduğuna dair geliştirilen teoriler, edebiyat, tarih, coğrafya, teoloji ve siyaset gibi birçok sosyal bilim alanındaki araştırmaları etkilemiş ve etkilemektedir. Tarihsel araştırmalarda yararlanılan kronik, hajiografi ve epik gibi anlatımsal kaynaklarda, zaman ve mekân (chronotrope) hikâyelerin temel taşıyıcılarıdır. Mekân tarihsel kişilikler için kapsayıcı bir alan ve olayların geçtiği yerdir. Mekân incelemesi yalnızca tarihsel kaynaklarda belirli bir yerin incelenmesi olmayıp, kişilerin mekânlar arası hareketleri, içeride veya dışarıda tasvir edilmeleri ve bu hususlarla ilgili duygu ve düşüncelerini de içermektedir. Topophilia ve topophobia gibi kavramlar da kişilerin anlatı içerisinde bazı yerlerle ilgili arzu ve korkularına işaret eder. Bir mekânın yere dönüşmesi ve o alanda yaşayan kişilerin varoluş ve kimliklerini etkilemesi açısından mîmârî, peyzaj, toponimi ve belirli mekânlar hakkında anlatılan hikâyeler büyük önem taşır. Bu makalede temel olarak Müslüman-Türk epikleri ve Bizans şehitlik hikâyeleri incelenecektir. Müslümanlar tarafından Diyâr-ı Rûm, Rûm İli gibi isimlerle adlandırılan Bizans topraklarındaki şehirlerin on birinci yüzyıl ve sonrası “Türk Müslüman grupların” göçü, yerleşimi ve fetihleriyle paralel toponimisi ve şehirlerin yeni yaratılmış kuruluş hikâyeleri aracılığıyla Bizans şehrinden “Türk/Müslüman” şehrine âidiyet dönüşümü üzerinde durulacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça Kitaplar: -Akalın, Şükrü H.; Saltukname, 3 cilt, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara, 1988–90.
  • -Bachelard, Gaston; La poétique de l’espace, Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1958.
  • -Balivet, Michel; Romanie byzantine et pays de Rum turc: histoire d’un espace d’imbrication gréco-turque, ISIS, Istanbul, 1994.
  • -Castells, Manuel; The Rise of Network Society. The Information Age. Economy, Society and Culture, Blackwell, Cambridge MA, 1996.
  • -De Vries-Van der Velden, Eva; L'élite byzantine devant l'avance turque à l'époque de la guerre civile de 1341 à 1354, J.C. Gieben, Amsterdam, 1989.
  • -Dedes, Yorgos; Battalname, 2 cilt, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996.
  • -Demir, Necati; Danişmendname, 4 cilt, Cambridge, MA, 2002.
  • -Ercan, Yavuz; Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bulgarlar ve Voynuklar, Ankara, 1986.
  • -Johnston, Barbara; Stories, Community, and Place: Narratives from Middle America, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1990.
  • -Harvey, David; The Condition of Postmodernity. An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, Blackwell, Cambridge MA, 1990.
  • -İz, Fahri, Gönül Alpay Tekin; Saltukname: Ebu’l Hayr Rumi’nin sözlü rivayetlerden topladığı Sarı Saltuk menakıbı, 7 cilt, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1974–84.
  • -Kitapçı-Bayrı, Buket; Warriors, Martyrs, and Dervishes. Moving Frontiers, Shifting Identities in the Land of Rome, Brill, Leiden, 2020.
  • -Lefebvre, Henri; La production de l’espace, Editions Anthropos, Paris, 1974.
  • -Lemerle,Paul: L’Emirat d’Aydin, Byzance et l’Occident: recherches sur “La geste d’Umur Pacha,” Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1957.
  • -Mélikoff, Irène; La Geste de Melik Danişmend: étude critique du Danişmendname, 2 cilt, Bibliothèque archéologique et historique de l’Institut français d’archéologie d’Istanbul, Paris, 1960.
  • -Miquel, André; La géographie humaine du monde musulman jusqu'au milieu du XI' siècle, La Haye-Mouton, Paris, 1967.
  • -Moravcsik, Gyula; Byzantinoturcica, cilt. 2, Brill, Leiden, 1983.
  • -Necipoğlu, Nevra; Byzantium between the Ottomans and the Latins: Politics and Society in the Late Empire, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2009.
  • -Nicol, Donald; The Reluctant Emperor: A Biography of John Cantacuzene, Byzantine Emperor and Monk c. 1295-1383, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
  • -Obolensky, Dimitri; The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453, Cardinal, Londra, 1971.
  • -Ousterhout, Robert, Charalambos Bakirtzis; Byzantine Monuments of the Evros/Meriç River Valley, European Center for Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments, Selanik, 2007.
  • -Relph, Edward; Place and Placelessness, Pion, Londra, 1976.
  • -Ryan, Marie-Laure, Kenneth Foote, Maoz Azaryahu, Narrating Space/Spatializing Narrative: Where Narrative Theory and Geography Meet, Ohio State University Press, Ohio, 2016.
  • -Setton, Kenneth M.; The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1976.
  • -Shukurov, Rustam; The Byzantine Turks, 1204–1461, Brill, Leiden, 2016.
  • -Soja, Edward; The Political Organization of Space, Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Washington, DC, 1971.
  • -Soustal, Peter; Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Thrakien (Thrake, Rodope und Haimimontos), cilt 6, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viyana, 1993.
  • - Şakir-Taş, Aziz Nazmi, Adrianopol’den Edirne’ye. Edirne ve Civarinda Osmanlı Kültür ve Bilim Muhitinin Oluşumu (XIV-XVI Yüzyıl), Istanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2009.
  • -Tuan, Yi-Fu; Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience, University of Minnesota Press, Minnesota, 1977.
  • -Weiss, Günter; Joannes Kantakuzenos – Aristokrat, Staatsmann, Kaiser und Mönch – in der Gesellschaftsentwicklung von Byzanz im 14. Jahrhundert, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1969.
  • -Wolper, Ethel Sara; Cities and Saints: Sufism and the Transformation of the Urban Space, Pennsylvania University Press, University Park, PA, 2003.
  • -Yerasimos, Stephanos; Konstantiniye ve Ayasofya Efsaneleri, İletişim, İstanbul, 1993.
  • Makaleler: -Akışık, Aslıhan; “Praising a City: Nicaea, Trebizond, and Thessalonike,” Journal of Turkish Studies 36, 2011, ss. 20–26.
  • -Akışık-Karakullukçu, Aslıhan “From Bounteous Flux of Matter to Hellenic City: Late Byzantine Representations of Constantinople and the Western Audience,” (Ed. Natasha Constantinidou, Han Lamers) Receptions of Hellenism in Early Modern Europe 15th–17th Centuries, Brill, Leiden, 2019, ss. 145–172.
  • -Beldiceanu-Steinherr, Iréne ; “La conquéte de la Bithynie maritime, étape décisive dans la foundation de l’Etat ottoman,” (Ed. ed. Klaus Belke et al.) Byzans als Raum: zu Methoden und Inhalten der historischen Geographie des östlichen Mittelmeerraumes, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viyana, 2000, ss. 21–35.
  • -Beldiceanu-Steinherr, Iréne; “L’installation des Ottomans,” La Bithynie au Moyen Âge (Réalités byzantines 9), Léthielleux, Paris, 2003, ss. 351–374.
  • -Beldiceanu-Steinherr, Iréne; “La conquéte d’Adrianople par les Turcs: la pénétration turque en Thrace et la valeur des chroniques ottomanes,” Travaux et Mémoire 1, 1965, ss. 439–461.
  • -Blessing, Patricia, Rachel Goshgarian, “Introduction – Space and Place: Applications to Medieval Anatolia,” (Ed. Patricia Blessing, Rachel Gosharian) Architecture and Landscape in Medieval Anatolia, 1100-1500, Edinburg University Press, Edinburg, 2017, ss. 1–27.
  • -Buchholz, Sabine, Manfred Jahn, “Space in Narrative,” (Ed. David Herman, Manfred Jahn and Marie-Laure Ryan) The Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory, Routledge, New York, 2005, ss. 551–555.
  • -Cassidy-Welch, Megan; “Space and Place in Medieval Context,” Parergon 27/2, 2010, ss. 1–12.
  • -Delilbaşı, Melek; “Christian Sipahis in the Tırhala Taxation Registers (Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries),” (Ed. Antonis Anastasopoulos) Provincial Elites in the Ottoman Empire: Halcyon Days in Crete v. A Symposium Held in Rethymno, 10–12 January 2003, Rethymno, 2005, ss. 87–114.
  • -Durak, Koray; "Defining the 'Turk': Mechanisms of Establishing Contemporary Meaning in the Archaizing Language of the Byzantines," Jahrbuch der Osterreichischen Byzantinistik 59, 2009, ss. 65–78.
  • -Semavi Eyice, “Bizans Devrinde Edirne ve Bu Devire Ait Eserler,” (Ed. Emin Nedret İşli) Edirne: Serhattaki Payıtaht, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, Istanbul, 1998, ss. 9–47.
  • -Foss, Clive; “Byzantine Melagina and the Lower Sangarius,” Anatolian Studies 40, 1990, ss. 161–183.
  • -Giros, Christopher; “Les fortifications médiévales,” (Ed. Bernard Geyer, Jacques Lefort, Jacqueline Argant), La Bithynie au Moyen Âge (Réalités byzantines 9), Léthielleux, Paris, 2003, ss. 209–224.
  • -Gökbilgin, Tayyib; “Edirne Hakkında Yazılmış Tarihler ve Enisü’l-müsamirin,” Edirne: Edirne’nin 600. Fetih Yıldönümü Armağan Kitabı, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1965, ss. 77–117.
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  • -Kitapçı- Bayrı, Buket; “Byzantine Universalism and Patris: Geographic Identity Markers in the Late Byzantine Martyria,” (Ed. Koray Durak, Ivana Jevtic) Identity and Other in Byzantium. Papers from the Fourth International Sevgi Gönül Byzantine Studies Symposium, Istanbul, 23–25 June 2016, Conference Proceedings, Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, Istanbul, 2019, ss. 113–128.
  • - Kontolaimos, Panagiotis; “The Transformation of Late Byzantine Adrianople to Early Ottoman Edirne, Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 3/1, Mayıs 2016, ss. 7–27.
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  • -Leonte, Florin; “Visions of Empire: Gaze, Space, and Territory in Isidore’s Encomium for John VIII’s Palaiologos,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 71, 2018, ss. 249–272.
  • -Lindner, Rudi Paul; “Anatolia, 1300–1451,” (Ed. Kate Fleet), The Cambridge History of Turkey, cilt 1, New York 2009, ss. 102–137.
  • -Martin, James; “Identity,” (Ed. David Atkinson, Peter Jackson, David Sibley, Neil Washbourne), Cultural Geography: A Critical Dictionary of Key Concepts, I.B. Tauris, Londra, 2010, ss. 97–102.
  • -Nilsson, Ingela; “Spatial Time and Temporal Space: Aspects of Narrativity in Makrembolites,” (Ed. Panayitos Agapitos, Dieter Reinsch) Der Roman im Byzanz der Komnenenzeit, Referate des Internationalen Symposiums an der Freien Universität Berlin, 3. bis 6. April 1998, Beerenverlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2000, ss. 94–108.
  • -Magdalino, Paul; “Constantine VII and the Historical Geography of Empire,” (Ed. Sahar Bazzaz, Yota Batsaki, and Dimiter Angelov), Imperial Geographies in Byzantine and Ottoman Space, Harvard University Press, Washington DC, 2013, ss. 23–41.
  • -Oikonomides, Nicolas; “Ἀκολουθία τοῦ ἁγίου Θεοδώρου τοῦ Νέου,” Neon Athenaion 1, 1955, ss. 205–221.
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  • -Oikonomides, Nicolas; “The Turks in the Byzantine Rhetoric of the Twelfth Century,” (Ed. Caesar E. Farah), Decision Making and Change in the Ottoman Empire, Kirksville, MO, 1993, ss. 149–155.
  • -Patrinellis, Christos G.; “Μιὰ ἀνέκδοτη Διήγηση γιὰ τὸν ἄγνωστο νεομάρτυρα Γεώργιο († 1437),” Orthodoxos Parousia 1, 1964, ss. 65–73.
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  • - Şahin, Kaya; “Constantinople and the End of Time. The Ottoman Conquest as a Portent of the Last Hour,” Journal of Early Modern History 14, 2010, ss. 317–354.
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  • -Talbot, Alice Mary; “Women’s Space in Byzantine Monasteries,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 52, 1998, ss. 123–127.
  • - Van Tricht, Filip; “The Byzantino-Latin Principality of Adrianople and the Challenge of Feudalism (1204/6–ca.1227/28): Empire, Venice, and Local Autonomy,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 68, 2014, ss. 325–342.
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  • Tezler: Schrijver, Frouke Marianne; The Early Palaiologan Court (1261–1354), Doktora Tezi, Birmingham Üniversitesi, Birmingham, 2012.

Space, Place and Foundation Stories of the Cities in the Land of Rome

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 266 - 275, 26.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.800588

Öz

The theories on space as being a multi-layered social construction have been influencing studies conducted in social sciences, especially the ones on literature, history, geography, theology and political science since 1960s. In the narrative historical sources such as chronicles, epics and hagiography, time and space (chronotrope) are the essential building blocks of the stories. Space in the historical sources is the container for the events and for the historical figures (factual or fictional) in which the characters may stand still or move. Space turns into a place through naming (toponym), manipulation of the landscapes (city architecture as well as arable land and social structures) and through telling stories about a particular place. This article examines Byzantine hagiography and Turkish Muslim epics in order to examine the way in which the cities of Byzantium (Diyar-ı Rum, Land of Rome) turn into “Turkish Muslim,” cities through toponymic changes and the creation of new foundation stories.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça Kitaplar: -Akalın, Şükrü H.; Saltukname, 3 cilt, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara, 1988–90.
  • -Bachelard, Gaston; La poétique de l’espace, Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1958.
  • -Balivet, Michel; Romanie byzantine et pays de Rum turc: histoire d’un espace d’imbrication gréco-turque, ISIS, Istanbul, 1994.
  • -Castells, Manuel; The Rise of Network Society. The Information Age. Economy, Society and Culture, Blackwell, Cambridge MA, 1996.
  • -De Vries-Van der Velden, Eva; L'élite byzantine devant l'avance turque à l'époque de la guerre civile de 1341 à 1354, J.C. Gieben, Amsterdam, 1989.
  • -Dedes, Yorgos; Battalname, 2 cilt, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996.
  • -Demir, Necati; Danişmendname, 4 cilt, Cambridge, MA, 2002.
  • -Ercan, Yavuz; Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bulgarlar ve Voynuklar, Ankara, 1986.
  • -Johnston, Barbara; Stories, Community, and Place: Narratives from Middle America, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1990.
  • -Harvey, David; The Condition of Postmodernity. An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, Blackwell, Cambridge MA, 1990.
  • -İz, Fahri, Gönül Alpay Tekin; Saltukname: Ebu’l Hayr Rumi’nin sözlü rivayetlerden topladığı Sarı Saltuk menakıbı, 7 cilt, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1974–84.
  • -Kitapçı-Bayrı, Buket; Warriors, Martyrs, and Dervishes. Moving Frontiers, Shifting Identities in the Land of Rome, Brill, Leiden, 2020.
  • -Lefebvre, Henri; La production de l’espace, Editions Anthropos, Paris, 1974.
  • -Lemerle,Paul: L’Emirat d’Aydin, Byzance et l’Occident: recherches sur “La geste d’Umur Pacha,” Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1957.
  • -Mélikoff, Irène; La Geste de Melik Danişmend: étude critique du Danişmendname, 2 cilt, Bibliothèque archéologique et historique de l’Institut français d’archéologie d’Istanbul, Paris, 1960.
  • -Miquel, André; La géographie humaine du monde musulman jusqu'au milieu du XI' siècle, La Haye-Mouton, Paris, 1967.
  • -Moravcsik, Gyula; Byzantinoturcica, cilt. 2, Brill, Leiden, 1983.
  • -Necipoğlu, Nevra; Byzantium between the Ottomans and the Latins: Politics and Society in the Late Empire, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2009.
  • -Nicol, Donald; The Reluctant Emperor: A Biography of John Cantacuzene, Byzantine Emperor and Monk c. 1295-1383, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.
  • -Obolensky, Dimitri; The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453, Cardinal, Londra, 1971.
  • -Ousterhout, Robert, Charalambos Bakirtzis; Byzantine Monuments of the Evros/Meriç River Valley, European Center for Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments, Selanik, 2007.
  • -Relph, Edward; Place and Placelessness, Pion, Londra, 1976.
  • -Ryan, Marie-Laure, Kenneth Foote, Maoz Azaryahu, Narrating Space/Spatializing Narrative: Where Narrative Theory and Geography Meet, Ohio State University Press, Ohio, 2016.
  • -Setton, Kenneth M.; The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1976.
  • -Shukurov, Rustam; The Byzantine Turks, 1204–1461, Brill, Leiden, 2016.
  • -Soja, Edward; The Political Organization of Space, Association of American Geographers, Commission on College Geography, Washington, DC, 1971.
  • -Soustal, Peter; Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Thrakien (Thrake, Rodope und Haimimontos), cilt 6, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viyana, 1993.
  • - Şakir-Taş, Aziz Nazmi, Adrianopol’den Edirne’ye. Edirne ve Civarinda Osmanlı Kültür ve Bilim Muhitinin Oluşumu (XIV-XVI Yüzyıl), Istanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2009.
  • -Tuan, Yi-Fu; Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience, University of Minnesota Press, Minnesota, 1977.
  • -Weiss, Günter; Joannes Kantakuzenos – Aristokrat, Staatsmann, Kaiser und Mönch – in der Gesellschaftsentwicklung von Byzanz im 14. Jahrhundert, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1969.
  • -Wolper, Ethel Sara; Cities and Saints: Sufism and the Transformation of the Urban Space, Pennsylvania University Press, University Park, PA, 2003.
  • -Yerasimos, Stephanos; Konstantiniye ve Ayasofya Efsaneleri, İletişim, İstanbul, 1993.
  • Makaleler: -Akışık, Aslıhan; “Praising a City: Nicaea, Trebizond, and Thessalonike,” Journal of Turkish Studies 36, 2011, ss. 20–26.
  • -Akışık-Karakullukçu, Aslıhan “From Bounteous Flux of Matter to Hellenic City: Late Byzantine Representations of Constantinople and the Western Audience,” (Ed. Natasha Constantinidou, Han Lamers) Receptions of Hellenism in Early Modern Europe 15th–17th Centuries, Brill, Leiden, 2019, ss. 145–172.
  • -Beldiceanu-Steinherr, Iréne ; “La conquéte de la Bithynie maritime, étape décisive dans la foundation de l’Etat ottoman,” (Ed. ed. Klaus Belke et al.) Byzans als Raum: zu Methoden und Inhalten der historischen Geographie des östlichen Mittelmeerraumes, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Viyana, 2000, ss. 21–35.
  • -Beldiceanu-Steinherr, Iréne; “L’installation des Ottomans,” La Bithynie au Moyen Âge (Réalités byzantines 9), Léthielleux, Paris, 2003, ss. 351–374.
  • -Beldiceanu-Steinherr, Iréne; “La conquéte d’Adrianople par les Turcs: la pénétration turque en Thrace et la valeur des chroniques ottomanes,” Travaux et Mémoire 1, 1965, ss. 439–461.
  • -Blessing, Patricia, Rachel Goshgarian, “Introduction – Space and Place: Applications to Medieval Anatolia,” (Ed. Patricia Blessing, Rachel Gosharian) Architecture and Landscape in Medieval Anatolia, 1100-1500, Edinburg University Press, Edinburg, 2017, ss. 1–27.
  • -Buchholz, Sabine, Manfred Jahn, “Space in Narrative,” (Ed. David Herman, Manfred Jahn and Marie-Laure Ryan) The Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory, Routledge, New York, 2005, ss. 551–555.
  • -Cassidy-Welch, Megan; “Space and Place in Medieval Context,” Parergon 27/2, 2010, ss. 1–12.
  • -Delilbaşı, Melek; “Christian Sipahis in the Tırhala Taxation Registers (Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries),” (Ed. Antonis Anastasopoulos) Provincial Elites in the Ottoman Empire: Halcyon Days in Crete v. A Symposium Held in Rethymno, 10–12 January 2003, Rethymno, 2005, ss. 87–114.
  • -Durak, Koray; "Defining the 'Turk': Mechanisms of Establishing Contemporary Meaning in the Archaizing Language of the Byzantines," Jahrbuch der Osterreichischen Byzantinistik 59, 2009, ss. 65–78.
  • -Semavi Eyice, “Bizans Devrinde Edirne ve Bu Devire Ait Eserler,” (Ed. Emin Nedret İşli) Edirne: Serhattaki Payıtaht, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, Istanbul, 1998, ss. 9–47.
  • -Foss, Clive; “Byzantine Melagina and the Lower Sangarius,” Anatolian Studies 40, 1990, ss. 161–183.
  • -Giros, Christopher; “Les fortifications médiévales,” (Ed. Bernard Geyer, Jacques Lefort, Jacqueline Argant), La Bithynie au Moyen Âge (Réalités byzantines 9), Léthielleux, Paris, 2003, ss. 209–224.
  • -Gökbilgin, Tayyib; “Edirne Hakkında Yazılmış Tarihler ve Enisü’l-müsamirin,” Edirne: Edirne’nin 600. Fetih Yıldönümü Armağan Kitabı, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1965, ss. 77–117.
  • -Gupta, Akhil, James Ferguson; “Beyond Culture: Space, identity and the Politics of Difference,” Cultural Anthropology 7/1, 1992, ss. 6–23.
  • -Gurevich, Aaron; “Ideas of Space and Time in the Middle Ages,” Categories of Medieval Culture, Routledge, New York, 1985, ss. 25–41.
  • -Hubbard, Phil; “Space/place,” (Ed. David Atkinson, Peter Jackson, David Sibley, Neil Washbourne), Cultural Geography: A Critical Dictionary of Key Concepts, I.B. Tauris, Londra, 2010, ss. 41-49.
  • -İnalcık, Halil; “Edirne’nin Fethi,” Edirne: Edirne’nin 600. Fetih Yıldönümü Armağan Kitabı, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1965, ss. 137–159.
  • -Kitapçı- Bayrı, Buket; “Byzantine Universalism and Patris: Geographic Identity Markers in the Late Byzantine Martyria,” (Ed. Koray Durak, Ivana Jevtic) Identity and Other in Byzantium. Papers from the Fourth International Sevgi Gönül Byzantine Studies Symposium, Istanbul, 23–25 June 2016, Conference Proceedings, Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, Istanbul, 2019, ss. 113–128.
  • - Kontolaimos, Panagiotis; “The Transformation of Late Byzantine Adrianople to Early Ottoman Edirne, Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 3/1, Mayıs 2016, ss. 7–27.
  • - Abtullah Kuran, “A Spatial Study of Three Ottoman Capitals: Bursa, Edirne, and Istanbul,” Muqarnas 13, 1996, ss. 118–22.
  • -Leonte, Florin; “Visions of Empire: Gaze, Space, and Territory in Isidore’s Encomium for John VIII’s Palaiologos,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 71, 2018, ss. 249–272.
  • -Lindner, Rudi Paul; “Anatolia, 1300–1451,” (Ed. Kate Fleet), The Cambridge History of Turkey, cilt 1, New York 2009, ss. 102–137.
  • -Martin, James; “Identity,” (Ed. David Atkinson, Peter Jackson, David Sibley, Neil Washbourne), Cultural Geography: A Critical Dictionary of Key Concepts, I.B. Tauris, Londra, 2010, ss. 97–102.
  • -Nilsson, Ingela; “Spatial Time and Temporal Space: Aspects of Narrativity in Makrembolites,” (Ed. Panayitos Agapitos, Dieter Reinsch) Der Roman im Byzanz der Komnenenzeit, Referate des Internationalen Symposiums an der Freien Universität Berlin, 3. bis 6. April 1998, Beerenverlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2000, ss. 94–108.
  • -Magdalino, Paul; “Constantine VII and the Historical Geography of Empire,” (Ed. Sahar Bazzaz, Yota Batsaki, and Dimiter Angelov), Imperial Geographies in Byzantine and Ottoman Space, Harvard University Press, Washington DC, 2013, ss. 23–41.
  • -Oikonomides, Nicolas; “Ἀκολουθία τοῦ ἁγίου Θεοδώρου τοῦ Νέου,” Neon Athenaion 1, 1955, ss. 205–221.
  • -Oikonomides, Nicolas; “Les Danishmendides, entre Byzance, Bagdad et le sultanat d’Iconium,” Revue Numismatique 25, 1983, ss. 189–207.
  • -Oikonomides, Nicolas; "La décomposition de l'empire byzantin à la veille de 1204 et les origines de l'empire de Nicée: à propos de la ´Partitio Romaniae´, " Byzantium from the Ninth Century to the Fourth Crusade: Studies, Texts, Monuments, 20. çalışma, Ashgate, Aldershot, 1992, ss. 3–28.
  • -Oikonomides, Nicolas; “The Turks in the Byzantine Rhetoric of the Twelfth Century,” (Ed. Caesar E. Farah), Decision Making and Change in the Ottoman Empire, Kirksville, MO, 1993, ss. 149–155.
  • -Patrinellis, Christos G.; “Μιὰ ἀνέκδοτη Διήγηση γιὰ τὸν ἄγνωστο νεομάρτυρα Γεώργιο († 1437),” Orthodoxos Parousia 1, 1964, ss. 65–73.
  • -Rhoby, Andreas; “Theodore Metochites’ Byzantios and Other City Encomia of the 13th and the 14th c.,” (Ed. Paolo Odorico, Charis Messis) Ville de toute beauté: ’Ekphrasis de cités dans les littératures byzantin et byzantino-slaves, CEB, Paris, 2012, ss. 82–99.
  • -Ryan, Marie-Laure; “Space,” The Living Handbook of Narratology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Narratology, Hamburg: Hamburg University (http://www.lhn.uni-hamburg.de/article/space, 22.04.2014; bakıldığı tarih: 11 Eylül 2017).
  • -Saradi, Helen; “Idyllic Nature and Urban Setting: An Ideological Theme with Artistic Style or Playful Self-Indulgence,” (Ed. Paolo Odorico, Charis Messis) Ville de toute beauté: ’Ekphrasis de cités dans les littératures byzantin et byzantino-slaves, CEB, Paris, 2012, ss. 9–36.
  • -Saradi, Helen; “The Kallos of the Byzantine City: The Development of a Rhetorical Topos and Historical Reality,” Gesta 34, 1995, ss. 37–56.
  • -Shepard, Jonathan; “The Byzantine Commonwealth, 1000–1550,” (Ed. Michael Angold) Cambridge History of Christianity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006, ss. 1–52.
  • -Shukurov, Rustam; “Turkmen and Byzantine Self- Identity: Some Reflections on the Logic of the Title-Making in Twelfth and Thirteenth- Century Anatolia,” (Ed. Antony Eastmond), Eastern Approaches to Byzantium, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2001, ss. 255–272.
  • -Shukurov, Rustam; “Christian Elements in the Identity of the Anatolian Turkmens (12th–13th Centuries),” in Cristianita d’Occidente E Christianita d’Oriente, Spoleto, 2004, ss. 707–759.
  • -Shukurov, Rustam; “The Byzantine Turks: An Approach to the Study of Late Byzantine Demography,” L’Europa dopo la caduta di Constantinopoli: 29 maggio 1453, Spoleto, 2008, ss. 73–108.
  • - Şahin, Kaya; “Constantinople and the End of Time. The Ottoman Conquest as a Portent of the Last Hour,” Journal of Early Modern History 14, 2010, ss. 317–354.
  • - Şahin, Sencer; “Malagina/Melagina am Sangarios,” Epigraphica Anatolica 7, 1986, ss. 153–166.
  • -Talbot, Alice Mary; “Women’s Space in Byzantine Monasteries,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 52, 1998, ss. 123–127.
  • - Van Tricht, Filip; “The Byzantino-Latin Principality of Adrianople and the Challenge of Feudalism (1204/6–ca.1227/28): Empire, Venice, and Local Autonomy,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 68, 2014, ss. 325–342.
  • - Veikou, Mryto; “Space in Texts and Space as Texts: A New Approach to Byzantine Notions,” Scandinavian Journal of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 2, 2016, ss.143–175.
  • - Zachariadou, Elizabeth; “The Conquest of Adrianople by the Turks,” Studi veneziani 12, 1970, ss. 211–218.
  • - Zachariadou, Elizabeth; “The Sultanic Residence and the Capital: Didymoteichon and Adrianople,” (Ed. Elias Kolovos), The Ottoman Empire, the Balkans, the Greek lands: Toward a Social and Economic History. Studies in Honor of John Alexander, ISIS, İstanbul, 2007, ss. 357–61.
  • -Zoran, Gabriel; “Towards a Theory of Space in Narrative,” Poetics Today 5, 1984, ss. 309–335.
  • Tezler: Schrijver, Frouke Marianne; The Early Palaiologan Court (1261–1354), Doktora Tezi, Birmingham Üniversitesi, Birmingham, 2012.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Buket Kitapçı-bayrı 0000-0002-5037-1999

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kitapçı-bayrı, B. (2020). Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.800588
AMA Kitapçı-bayrı B. Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri. OAD. Aralık 2020;3(2):266-275. doi:10.48120/oad.800588
Chicago Kitapçı-bayrı, Buket. “Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer Ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 266-75. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.800588.
EndNote Kitapçı-bayrı B (01 Aralık 2020) Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 3 2 266–275.
IEEE B. Kitapçı-bayrı, “Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri”, OAD, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 266–275, 2020, doi: 10.48120/oad.800588.
ISNAD Kitapçı-bayrı, Buket. “Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer Ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi 3/2 (Aralık 2020), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.800588.
JAMA Kitapçı-bayrı B. Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri. OAD. 2020;3:266–275.
MLA Kitapçı-bayrı, Buket. “Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer Ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri”. Ortaçağ Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 266-75, doi:10.48120/oad.800588.
Vancouver Kitapçı-bayrı B. Diyâr-ı Rûm’da Mekân, Yer ve Şehirlerin Kuruluş Hikâyeleri. OAD. 2020;3(2):266-75.

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