The Main Reasons of the Orthodoxy and Heresy Controversy Between Church and Christian Mystics in the Middle Ages

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 73 - 83, 26.06.2022

Halil Temiztürk

https://doi.org/10.48120/oad.1076258

Öz

Christianity spread to different geographies with the mission travels of Paul and was subjected to pressure by the Roman State, the Jews and other pagans in the early period. Christianity was seen as a secret public movement in this period, then the Roman State accepted Christianity as the official religion in 381 and thus the Church became stronger institutionally. The Church pressured the opponents and regarded them as heretics because they undermined the church authority and adopted different religious understandings. This pressure was directed against the Gnostics, the Waldensians, the Bogomils, the Cathars, and finally the reformist Protestants. Another religious group, affected by the hunting of heretics, is the Christian mystics. In this study, it is revealed in what ways Christian mystics are seen as heretical by the church and conflicts between the Catholic Church and mystics. In this historical research on the struggle between the Church and the Christian mystics has been chosen the period between the 12th and 15th centuries because it has more samples.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Christianity, Church, Mysticism, Middle Age.

Orta Çağ’da Kilise ve Hıristiyan Mistikler Arasındaki Ortodoksi ve Heresi Tartışmasının Temel Nedenleri

Öz

Pavlus’un misyon seyahatleri ile farklı coğrafyalara yayılan Hıristiyanlık, erken dönemde Roma Devleti, Yahudiler ve diğer paganlar tarafından çeşitli baskılara maruz kalmıştır. Gizli bir halk hareketi olarak devam eden bu dönemin ardından 381 yılında Roma Devleti’nin Hıristiyanlığı resmi din olarak kabul etmesiyle kilise kurumu güçlenmiştir. Kilise bundan sonra muhalif olarak gördüğü gruplara karşı baskı uygulamış ve kilise otoritesine engel olduğu düşünülen veya farklı din anlayışlarını benimseyen bu gruplar heretik sayılmıştır. Bu baskı Gnostiklerden Valdensiyenlara, Bogomillerden, Katharlara ve nihayetinde reform yanlısı Protestanlara yönelik olmuştur. Farklı zümreleri kapsayan bu heretik suçlamasından etkilenen bir diğer dinî grup da Hristiyan mistiklerdir. Bu çalışmada Katolik Kilisesi’nin egemenlik mücadelesi içerisine girdiği Hıristiyan mistikleri hangi açılardan heretik gördüğü araştırılmıştır. Ortodoksi ve heresi arasındaki sınırların ele alındığı bu araştırmada, mistiklerin durumuna dair örnekler seçilmiş ve tarihsel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Kilise ve Hıristiyan mistikler arasındaki mücadeleye dair bu tarihsel değerlendirme için daha fazla örneklem içermesi bakımından 12. ve 15. yüzyıl arasındaki dönem seçilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Hıristiyanlık, Kilise, Mistisizm, Orta Çağ

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