Aksum Krallığı’nın Ortaya Çıkış, Yükseliş ve Yıkılışının Temel Dinamikleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 25 - 39, 26.03.2020

Ahmet Göksel Uluer

Öz

Aksum Krallığı, Habeşistan ya da Etiyopya olarak bilinen coğrafyada MÖ 1000 ila MS 900’lü yıllarda hüküm sürmüş bir devlettir. Bu çalışmada krallığın doğuş, yükseliş ve çözülme evrelerini şekillendiren temel unsurlar ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Kuzeybatı Afrika Boynuzu bölgesinde oluşan tarımsal geçim rejimi ve ona bağlı olarak gelişen kentliliğin tarihsel bir miras olarak Aksum kenti ve krallığına devredilmesinin üzerinde durulmuştur. Buna ek olarak Aksum’un deniz aşırı ticarete bölgesel partner olarak eklemlenmesinin devletin zenginleşmesi üzerindeki etkisine değinilmiştir. Son olarak tarım ve ticaret odaklı güçlenme yaşayan krallığın, bu iki unsurun istikrarını sağlamak adına din, vergi ve fetih araçlarını kullandığı öne sürülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aksum Krallığı, Etiyopya, Roma İmparatorluğu, Deniz Aşırı Ticaret

Main Dynamics of the Emergence, Rise and Collapse of Aksum Kingdom

Öz

The Kingdom of Aksum is a state that ruled in the geography known as Abyssinia or Ethiopia between 1000 BC to 900 AD. In this study, the basic elements that shape the emergence, rising and collapsing phases of the kingdom are addressed. In this context, the agricultural subsistence regime in the Horn of the Northwest Africa region and the transfer of the developing urbanism as a historical heritage to the city and kingdom of Aksum is emphasized. Also, the effect of the inclusion of Aksum to the overseas trade as a regional partner on the enrichment of the state is mentioned. Finally, it is asserted that the kingdom that was strengthened by agricultural and commercial activities used the instruments of religion, taxation and invasion to stabilise those two aspects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aksum Kingdom, Ethiopia, Roman Empire, Overseas Trade

Kaynakça

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