AN EVALUATION ON THE TRACES OF THE SELEUKOS IN HELENISTIC PERIOD ANATOLIA

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 43 - 72, 29.03.2023

Fırat Gülerdoğan , Cuma Ali Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1164465

Öz

After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, a struggle for sovereignty began among the generals for control of the Macedonian Empire. The center of this struggle was Anatolia. As a matter of fact, Anatolia, which has been home to many civilizations since prehistoric times, is a suitable region for the birth, development and spread of cultures due to its fertile lands and geopolitical location. After the disintegration of the Macedonian Empire, Anatolia became the center of the struggle between the generals of Alexander the Great. After many years of struggle, the Seleucids emerged as a new power in Anatolia. Seleukos Nikator I, played an important role in the spread of Hellenistic culture in the region with the cities he founded after gaining political dominance in Anatolia. Seleukos I, who first established the city of Antakya in Anatolia, started intensive construction activities in order to place Greek and Macedonian culture in other Anatolian cities he had built, starting with Antakya after he declared Antakya the capital of the kingdom. Kings who came after Seleukos I also carried out various activities for the settlement of Hellenistic culture and civilization in the region. Thus, the Seleucids greatly changed the socio-political and socio-cultural history of Anatolia. The heyday of the Seleucid Kingdom in terms of culture and politics was experienced during the reign of Antiochus III. III. The Seleucids, who turned into an Epigon kingdom that ruled Asia Minor with Antiochus III, gave great struggles to maintain their political power in Anatolia. The Seleucids, competing with other Hellenistic Kingdoms and city-states since the 3rd century BC, confrontationed the Romans that were involved in Anatolian politics since the 2nd century BC.
In our study, which will start with a brief analysis of the struggle of the Diadokhs after the disintegration of the Macedonian Empire, the establishment of the Seleucid Kingdom, its spreading area, its political phases and the socio-cultural traces they left in Anatolia will be tried to be explained in the light of domestic and foreign sources. At the end of the study, the reflections of Hellenistic culture on Anatolia will be analyzed through the example of the Seleucid Kingdom.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alexander the Great, Macedonia Empire, Hellenistic Kingdoms, Anatolia, Seleucids

HELLENİSTİK DÖNEM ANADOLUSU’NDA SELEUKOSLARIN İZLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Büyük İskender’in MÖ 323 senesinde ölümünün ardından Makedonya İmparatorluğu’nun kontrolü için generaller arasında egemenlik mücadelesi başlamıştır. Söz konusu mücadelenin merkezi ise Anadolu olmuştur. Nitekim Prehistorik devirlerden beri birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapan Anadolu, sahip olduğu verimli topraklar ve jeopolitik konumu itibariyle kültürlerin doğması, gelişmesi ve yayılması için elverişli bir bölge niteliğindedir. Makedonya İmparatorluğu’nun parçalanmasından sonra Anadolu, Büyük İskender’in generalleri arasındaki mücadelenin merkezi haline gelmiştir. Uzun yıllar süren mücadelenin ardından Seleukoslar, Anadolu’da yeni bir güç olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. I. Seleukos Nikator, Anadolu’da siyasi üstünlüğü sağladıktan sonra kurduğu şehirler ile bölgede Hellenistik kültürün yayılmasında önemli rol oynamıştır. Anadolu’da ilk olarak Antakya şehrini kuran I. Seleukos, krallığın başkentini Antakya olarak ilan etmesinin ardından Antakya özelinde başlayarak, inşa ettirdiği diğer Anadolu şehirlerinde Hellen ve Makedon kültürünü yerleştirmek için yoğun imar faaliyetlerine girişmiştir. I. Seleukos’tan sonra gelen krallar da Hellenistik kültür ve medeniyetin bölgeye yerleşmesi adına çeşitli faaliyetlerde bulunmuşlardır. Böylece Seleukoslar, Anadolu’nun sosyo-politik ve sosyo-kültürel tarihini büyük ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Seleukoslar Krallığı’nın kültürel ve siyasi manada en parlak dönemi, III. Antiokhos zamanında yaşanmıştır. III. Antiokhos ile birlikte Ön Asya’ya hükmeden bir Epigon krallığa dönüşen Seleukoslar, Anadolu’daki siyasi gücünü korumak için büyük mücadeleler vermiştir. MÖ 3. yüzyıldan itibaren diğer Hellenistik Krallıklar ve kent devletleri ile rekabet eden Seleukoslar, MÖ 2. yüzyıldan itibaren ise Anadolu siyasetine dahil olan Romalılarla karşı karşıya gelmiştir.
Makedonya İmparatorluğu’nun parçalanmasının ardından yaşanan Diadokhlar mücadelesinin kısa bir analizi ile başlayacak olan çalışmamızda, Seleukoslar Krallığı’nın kuruluşu, yayılım sahası, siyasi evreleri ve Anadolu’da bıraktıkları sosyo-kültürel izler, yerli ve yabancı kaynakların ışığında izah edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Çalışmanın sonunda Hellenistik kültürün Anadolu’ya yansımaları Seleukoslar Krallığı örneği üzerinden analiz edilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Büyük İskender, Makedonya İmparatorluğu, Hellenistik Krallıklar, Anadolu, Seleukoslar

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