TALENT MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

The aim of this study is to broadly define and conceptualize the concept of talent management functions with the help of an in-depth and rigorous literature review together with the doctrines of "Management Functions" and "Human Resources Functions". In this study, a systematic literature review supported by qualitative content analysis was applied to identify seven core talent management functions. The findings show that there are seven core functions under the TM system that have been previously discussed in the literature but are not labeled and conceptualized as talent management functions. These seven basic functions (talent planning, talent identification, talent attraction, talent acquisition, talent development, talent deployment, talent retention) that structure the talent management system together, affect each other and operate as a cycle are effective weapons that can be used in the realization of business objectives. Talent management (TM) is still a young and developing field. More conceptual studies are needed for the development of this field and its recognition as a discipline. This unique study is one of the first attempts to address and comprehensively describe TM functions.

Keywords

• Talent Management,
• Talent Management Functions,
• Systematic Literature Review,
• Content Analysis,
• Qualitative Methods

Yetenek Yönetimi Fonksiyonları: Sistematik Bir Tarama

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, “Yönetim Fonksiyonları” ve “İnsan Kaynakları Fonksiyonları” doktrinleri ile birlikte derinlemesine ve titiz bir literatür taraması yardımıyla yetenek yönetimi fonksiyonları kavramını geniş bir şekilde tanımlamak ve kavramsallaştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada, yedi temel yetenek yönetimi fonksiyonunu belirlemek için nitel içerik analizi ile desteklenen sistematik bir literatür taraması uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, YY sistemi altında daha önce literatürde ele alınan, ancak yetenek yönetimi fonksiyonları olarak etiketlenmemiş ve kavramsallaştırılmamış yedi temel fonksiyon bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Yetenek yönetim sistemini birlikte yapılandıran, birbirini etkileyen ve bir döngü olarak işleyen bu yedi temel fonksiyon (yetenek planlama, yetenek belirleme, yetenek çekme, yetenek edinme, yetenek geliştirme, yetenek yerleştirme, yetenek tutma) iş hedeflerinin gerçekleştirilmesinde kullanılabilecek etkin silahlardır (Örn. gelişmiş firma performansı ve sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı). Yetenek yönetimi (YY) henüz genç ve gelişmekte olan bir alandır. Bu alanın gelişimi ve bir disiplin olarak tanınması için daha fazla kavramsal çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu benzersiz çalışma, YY fonksiyonlarını ele alan ve kapsamlı bir şekilde tanımlayan ilk denemelerden biridir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yetenek Yönetimi
• Yetenek Yönetimi Fonksiyonları
• Sistematik Literatür Taraması
• İçerik Analizi
• Nitel Yöntemler

Kaynakça

1. Ambrosius, J. (2018). Strategic talent management in emerging markets and its impact on employee retention: evidence from Brazilian MNCs: strategic talent management and employee retention in Brazilian MNCs. Thunderbird International Business Review, 60(1), 53-68.
2. Anlesinya, A., Dartey-Baah, K. ve Amponsah-Tawiah, K. (2019a). A review of empirical research on global talent management. FIIB Business Review, 8(2), 147–160.
3. Anlesinya, A., Dartey-Baah, K. ve Amponsah-Tawiah, K. (2019b). Strategic talent management scholarship: a review of current foci and future directions. Industrial and Commercial Training, 51(5), 299-314.
4. Anlesinya, A., Dartey-Baah, K. ve Amponsah-Tawiah, K. (2019c). Talent management research in Africa: towards multilevel model and research agenda. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 10(4), 440-457.
5. Arduini, D. ve Zanfei, A. (2014). An overview of scholarly research on public e-services? a meta-analysis of the literature. Telecommunications Policy, 38(5), 476-495.
6. Avedon, M.J. ve Scholes, G. (2010). Building competitive advantage through integrated talent management. Silzer, R. ve Dowell, B.E. (Ed.), Strategy-Driven Talent Management: A Leadership Imperative, John Wiley and Sons, San Francisco, 73-122.
7. Barlow, L. (2006). Talent development: the new imperative?. Development and Learning in Organisations, 20(3), 6-9.
8. Baştuğ, S., Arabelen, G., Altuntaş-Vural, C., ve Deveci, D.A. (2020). A value chain analysis of a seaport from the perspective of Industry 4.0. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 12(4), 367-397.

9. Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Höglund, M., Mäkelä, K., Smale, A. ve Sumelius, J. (2013). Talent or not? employee reactions to talent identification. Human Resource Management, 52(2), 195-214.
10. Bolander, P., Werr, A. ve Asplund, K. (2017). The practice of talent management: a framework and typology. Personnel Review, 46(8), 1523-1551.
11. Bonneton, D., Schworm, S. K., Festing, M., ve Muratbekova-Touron, M. (2019). Do global talent management programs help to retain talent? a career-related framework. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1–36.
12. Boselie, P., Dietz, G. ve Boon, C. (2005) ‘Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research’, Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 67-94.
13. Brereton, P., Kitchenham, B.A., Budgen, D., Turner, M. ve Khalil, M. (2007). Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. Journal of Systems and Software, 80(4), 571-583.
14. Burbach, R. ve Royle, T. (2010). Talent on demand? talent management in the German and Irish subsidiaries of a US multinational Corporation. Personnel Review, 39(4), 414-431.
15. Chung, K.L. ve D’Annunzio-Green, N. (2018). Talent management practices in small-and-mediumsized enterprises in the hotel sector: an entrepreneurial owner-manager perspective. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 10(1), 101-116.
16. Collings, D.G. ve Mellahi, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: a review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 19(4), 304-313.
17. Conkwright, T. (2015). Using the four functions of management for sustainable employee engagement. Performance Improvement, 54(8), 15-21.
18. Crowley-Henry, M. ve Al Ariss, A. (2018). Talent management of skilled migrants: propositions and an agenda for future research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(13), 2054-2079.
19. Ewerlin, D. ve Süß, S. (2016) ‘Dissemination of talent management in Germany: myth, facade or economic necessity?. Personnel Review, 45(1), 142-160.
20. Fayol, H. (1949). General and Industrial Management, Pitman, London.
21. Fink, A. (2014). Conducting Research Literature Reviews, (Dördüncü Baskı), Sage, California.
22. Flippo, E.B. (1976). Principles of Personnel Management, (Dördüncü Baskı), McGraw-Hill, New York.
23. Flippo, E.B. (1980). Personnel Management, (Beşinci Baskı), McGraw-Hill, New York.
24. Frank, F.D., Finnegan, R.P. ve Taylor, C.R. (2004), The race for talent: retaining and engaging workers in the 21st century. Human Resource Planning, 27(3),12-25.
25. Gallardo-Gallardo, E. ve Thunnissen, M. (2016). Standing on the shoulders of giants? a critical review of empirical talent management research. Employee Relations, 38(1), 31-56.
26. Gallardo-Gallardo, E., Nijs, S., Dries, N. ve Gallo, P (2015). Towards an understanding of talent management as a phenomenon-driven field using bibliometric and content analysis. Human Resource Management Review, 25, 264–279.
27. Gallardo-Gallardo, E., Thunnissen, M. ve Scullion, H. (2020). Talent management: context matters. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(4), 457-473.
28. Garavan, T.N., Carbery, R. ve Rock, A. (2012). Mapping talent development: definition, scope and architecture. European Journal of Training and Development, 36(1), 5-24.
29. Garrow, V.G. ve Hirsh, W. (2008). Talent management: issues of focus and fit. Public Personnel Management, 37(4), 389-402.
30. Golubovskaya, M., Solnet, D. ve Robinson, R.N.S. (2019) ‘Recalibrating talent management for hospitality: a youth development perspective’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 31, No. 10, pp.4105-4125.
31. Harsch, K. ve Festing, M. (2020). Dynamic talent management capabilities and organizational agility — a qualitative exploration. Human Resource Management, 59(1), 43-61.
32. Hatum, A. (2010). Next Generation Talent Management: Talent Management to Survive Turmoil, Palgrave McMillan, New York.
33. Hedayati-Mehdiabadi, A.H. ve Li, J. (2016). Understanding talent development and implications for human resource development: an integrative literature review. Human Resource Development Review, 15(3), 263-294.
34. Khilji, S., Tarique, I. ve Schuler, I.R. (2015). Incorporating the macro view in global talent management, Human Resource Management Review, 25(3), 236-48.
35. King, K.A. (2016). The talent deal and journey: understanding how employees respond to talent identification over time. Employee Relations, 38(1), 94-111.
36. King, K.A. ve Vaiman, V. (2019). Enabling effective talent management through a macro-contingent approach: a framework for research and practice. Business Research Quarterly, 22(3), 194-206.
37. Kitchenham, B.A. (2004). Procedures for undertaking systematic reviews. Joint Technical Report, Computer Science Department, Keele University ve National ICT Australia Ltd, Keele, NICTA-0400011T.1.
38. Kitchenham, B. ve Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering, Version 2.3, University of Keele (software engineering group, school of computer science and mathematics) ve Durham, Department of Computer Science, Durham, EBSE-2007-01.
39. Kock, R. ve Burke, M. (2008). Managing talent in the South African public service. Public Personnel Management, 37(4), 457-470.
40. Koontz, H. ve O'Donnell, C. (1955). Principles of Management: An Analysis of Managerial Functions, (Dokuzuncu Baskı), McGraw-Hill, New York.
41. Koontz, H. ve Weihrich, H. (2012). Essentials of Management: An International and Leadership Perspective, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
42. Kravariti, F., ve Johnston, K. (2020). Talent management: A critical literature review and research agenda for public sector human resource management. Public Management Review, 22(1), 75–95.
43. Kuckartz, U. ve Rädiker, S. (2019). Analysing Qualitative Data with MAXQDA: Text, Audio, and Video, Springer, Cham.
44. Lan, Z. and Anders, K.K. (2000) ‘A paradigmatic view of contemporary public administration research: an empirical test’, Administration and Society, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp.138-165.
45. Latukha, M. (2016). Talent Management in Emerging Market Firms: Global Strategy and Local Challenges, Palgrawe Macmillan, London.
46. Levy, Y. ve Ellis, T.J. (2006). A systems approach to conduct an effective literature review in support of information systems research. Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 9, 181-212.
47. Lewis, R. ve Heckman, R. (2006). Talent management: a critical review. Human Resource Management Review. 16(2), 139-154.
48. Llyod, R. ve Aho, W. (2020). The Four Functions of Management - An essential guide to Management Principles, FHSU Digital Press, Hays.
49. Makram, H., Sparrow, P. ve Greasley, K. (2017). How do strategic actors think about the value of talent management? Moving from talent practice to the practice of talent. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 4(4), 259-378.
50. McDonnell, A., Collings, D.G., Mellahi, K. ve Schuler, R. (2017). Talent management: a systematic review and future prospects. European Journal of International Management, 11(1), 86-128.
51. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. ve van Fleet, D.D. (2005). Scholarly journals as producers of knowledge: theory and empirical evidence based on data envelopment analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 8(2), 185-201.
52. Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M. ve Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook, (Üçüncü Baskı), Sage, California.
53. Neuman, W. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, (Yedinci Baskı), Pearson, Essex.
54. Okoli, C. ve Schabram, K. (2010). A guide to conducting a systematic literature review of information systems research. Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Systems, 10(26), 1-51. available at: http://sprouts.aisnet.org/10-26.
55. Panda, S. ve Sahoo, C.K. (2015). Strategic talent development interventions: an analysis. Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(1), 15-22.
56. Pandita, D. ve Ray, S. (2018). Talent management and employee engagement – a meta-analysis of their impact on talent retention. Industrial and Commercial Training, 50(4), 185-199.
57. Parker, L.D. ve Ritson, P.A. (2005). Revisiting Fayol: anticipating contemporary management. British Journal of Management, 16(3), 175-94.
58. Petticrew, M. ve Roberts, H (2006). Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: A Practical Guide, Blackwell, Malden.
59. Pilbeam, S. ve Corbridge, M. (2010). People Resourcing and Talent Planning: HRM in Practice, (Dördüncü Baskı), Pearson, London.
60. Pruis, E. (2011). The five key principles for talent development. Industrial and Commercial Training, 43(4), 206-216.
61. Rezaei, F. ve Beyerlein, M. (2018). Talent development: a systematic literature review of empirical studies. European Journal of Training and Development, 42(1/2), 75-90.
62. Saldana, J. ve Omasta, M. (2018). Qualitative Research: Analysing Life, Sage, California.
63. Seuring, S. and Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content-analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management. Supply Chain Management – An International Journal, 17(5), 544-555.
64. Singh, G., Haddad, K.M. ve Chow, C.W. (2007). Are articles in ‘top’ management journals necessarily of higher quality?. Journal of Management Inquiry, 16, 319-331.
65. Sparrow, P.R. ve Makram, H. (2015). What is the value of talent management? building value-driven processes within a talent management architecture. Human Resource Management Review, 25, 249–263.
66. Tarique, I. ve Schuler, R.S. (2010). Global talent management: literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research. Journal of World Business, 45(2), 122-33.
67. Thunnissen, M. ve Gallardo-Gallardo, E. (2019). Rigor and relevance in empirical TM research: key issues and challenges. Business Research Quarterly, 22(3), 171–180.
68. Thunnissen, M., Boselie, P. ve Fruytier, B. (2013). A review of talent management: ‘infancy or adolescence?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(9), 1744-1761.
69. Tranfield, D., Denyer, D. ve Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207-222.
70. Webster, J. ve Watson, R.T. (2002). Analysing the past to prepare for the future: writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), 13-23.