Türkiye’de orman ve ağaç ürünleri ihracatının mekânsal ve zamansal analizi: CBS tabanlı bir yaklaşım

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de orman ve ağaç ürünleri ihracatının 2004-2024 dönemindeki mekânsal ve zamansal gelişimini il düzeyinde incelemektedir. CBS kullanılarak Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu ve Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi verileri beş dönem üzerinden değerlendirilmiş; Batı-Doğu ve Kuzey-Güney eksenlerinde eğilim analizleri ve fark haritaları uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, ihracatın ağırlıklı olarak Batı merkezli bir yapıdan daha dengeli bir ulusal mekânsal dağılıma doğru evrildiğini göstermektedir. 2014 sonrasında İç Anadolu ve Akdeniz hattında belirgin bir genişleme görülmüştür. Kuzey-Güney ekseni, Karadeniz merkezlerinden Akdeniz liman altyapısıyla desteklenen yeni bir büyüme hattına geçişi ortaya koymaktadır. Genel olarak sektör, 2024 itibarıyla güçlü üretim ağları ve lojistik kapasiteyle geniş bir mekânsal yayılıma ulaşmıştır. Sonuçlar, CBS tabanlı izlemenin bölgesel planlama ve sürdürülebilir sektör politikaları için önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• orman ürünleri endüstrisi
• ihracat analizi
• CBS
• mekansal dağılım
• bölgesel kalkınma

Spatiotemporal analysis of forest and wood products exports in Türkiye: A GIS-based approach

Öz

The forest and wood products industry in Türkiye has undergone notable spatial and structural changes over the past two decades. This study examines the sector’s provincial export dynamics between 2004 and 2024 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and five-period export data obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute and the Turkish Exporters Assembly. Spatial trend analyses along the West-East and North-South axes, together with difference mapping, were applied to identify regional disparities and emerging clusters. The results indicate a shift from a predominantly West-centered export structure toward a more balanced national distribution. Although western provinces remained dominant, Central Anatolia and the Mediterranean corridor expanded significantly after 2014. The North-South analysis reveals a transition from traditional Black Sea processing centers to a growth axis supported by Mediterranean port infrastructure. By 2024, the sector reached near-complete spatial diffusion, strengthened by local production networks and logistics capacity. Overall, the study highlights the effectiveness of GIS-based monitoring as a decision-support tool for regional planning, export strategy development, and sustainable forest sector policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• forest products industry
• export analysis
• GIS
• spatial distribution
• regional development

Kaynakça

1. Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x
2. Brewer, C. A. (2015). Designing better maps: A guide for GIS users (2nd ed.). Esri Press.
3. Ersen, N. (2020). Measurement of global competitiveness of non-wood forest products (NWFPs): The case of Türkiye. Baltic Forestry, 26, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.46490/BF515
4. Getis, A., Ord, J. K. (1992). The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24(3), 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x
5. Jenks, G. F. (1967). The data model concept in statistical mapping. International Yearbook of Cartography, 7, 186–190.
6. Jenks, G. F., & Caspall, F. C. (1971). Error on choroplethic maps: Definition, measurement, and reduction. Annals of the As-sociation of American Geographers, 61(2), 217–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1971.tb00779.x
7. Korkmaz, M., & Demirtaş, A. (2020). Determination of regional development dynamics in Türkiye using GIS-based spatial analysis. Journal of Geographical Studies, 58(3), 245–260. https://journalgeographicalstudies.org/2020/58-3-245
8. Kurt, R., Karayılmazlar, S., & Çabuk, Y. (2016). Important non-wood forest products in Türkiye: An econometric analysis. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 6, 1245–1248. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.823

9. Magezi, H. E., & Okan, T. (2019). Competitiveness analysis of forest products trade between Türkiye and European Union countries. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(4), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.630250
10. Magezi, H. E., & Okan, T. (2023). A gravity model analysis of forest products trade between Türkiye and European Union countries. Drvna Industrija, 74(2), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0057
11. Forestry, 20(4), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.630250
12. Magezi, H. E., & Okan, T. (2023). A gravity model analysis of forest products trade between Türkiye and European Union countries. Drvna Industrija, 74(2), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0057
13. Slocum, T. A., McMaster, R. B., Kessler, F. C., & Howard, H. H. (2009). Thematic cartography and geovisualization (3rd ed.). Pearson/Prentice Hall.
14. Tobler, W. R. (1970). A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region. Economic Geography, 46(2), 234–240. https://doi.org/10.2307/143141
15. Tolunay, D. (2011). Total carbon stocks and carbon accumulation in living tree biomass in forest ecosystems of Türkiye. Turk-ish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-0909-369
16. Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi. (2024). Sektörel ihracat raporları. https://www.tim.org (Accessed 9 November 2025).
17. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2024). Dış ticaret istatistikleri: Orman ve ağaç ürünleri alt sektörü. https://www.tuik.gov.tr (Ac-cessed 9 November 2025).
18. Yomralıoğlu, T, (2011). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri: Temel Kavramlar ve Uygulamalar. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Yayınları Akademi Kitabevi. ISBN 975-97369-0-X