Life cycle assessment (LCA) of nanocellulose composite panels (NCPs) manufactured using freeze-drying technique

Öz

The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful technique to investigate the environmental impacts of current and new products and production processes. In this research, the LCA of nanocellulose composite panels (NCPs) produced using freeze-drying techniques were studied. The environmental effects of the final product and the production method were reported. The nanocellulose is a bio-based raw material that can be obtained from a variety of natural sources and used in building, construction, packaging, pharmaceutical, and insulation industry. The wood-based cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) produced using mechanical grinding, and the industrial corn-starch (Ethylex 2025) were used as raw materials in this study. The n-Dodecenyl Succinic Anhydride (DDSA) and boric acid (BA - ((B(OH)3) - 99.94 % pure) were used as treatment materials. As a result of this explanatory research, the cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced using mechanical process were found environmentally friendly as expected. The production process, freeze-drying technique, was not found eco-friendly in laboratory scale. However, using solar energy in full-scale production can decrease the energy consumption up to 76% and would make the process eco-friendlier. The nanocellulose composite panels (NCPs) can be produced using the freeze-drying technique. The findings of this study showed that freeze-drying technique would be feasible and nature-friendly in full-scale production using renewable energy sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA),wood based material,nanocellulose,composite panels,freeze-drying

Dondurarak-kurutma yöntemi ile üretilmiş nanoselüloz kompozit panellerin yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi (YDD)

Öz

Yaşam döngüsü değerlendirme (YDD) yöntemi malzemelerin çevreye etkilerini incelemekte etkin bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada, dondurarak-kurutma yöntemi ile üretilmiş nanoselüloz kompozit panellerin (NKP) YDD’leri incelenmiştir. Son ürün ve üretim aşamalarının çevreye etkileri belirlenmiş ve raporlanmıştır. Nanoselüloz, biyo bazlı çevreye zararı olmayan ve doğada birçok kaynaktan elde edilebilen, ambalajlama, inşaat, yapı ve benzeri endüstrilerde kullanılan doğal bir polimerdir. Bu çalışmada mekaniksel yöntemlerle odun malzemeden üretilmiş selüloz nanolifler (SNL), endüstriyel mısır nişastası (MN), Dodecenyl Succinic Anhydride (DDSA) ve borik asit (BA - ((B(OH)³) - % 99.94 saflık) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya dayalı bu çalışmanın sonucunda, odun malzemeden üretilmiş selüloz nanolifler kullanılarak üretilen malzemelerin beklendiği gibi çevreci malzemeler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dondurarak-kurutma yönteminin ise laboratuar ölçeğinde kullanımı çevreci bulunmamıştır. Yapılan ek incelemeler ve araştırmalar; tam ölçekli üretimde, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması durumunda % 76’lık bir iyileştirme olabileceğini göstermiştir. Selüloz nanolif bazlı kompozit malzemelerin dondurarak-kurutma yöntemi ile üretilmesi; tam ölçekli üretim kullanılması ve de yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması durumunda çevreci bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (YDD),ahşap esaslı malzeme,nanoselüloz,kompozit panel,dondurarak kurutma

Kaynakça

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