Türkiye’de Finansal Kaynak Yönetiminin Finansal Kaygılar Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlılık, ödemeler, sağlık ve eğitimden kaynaklanan dört yaygın finansal kaygı biçimine ek olarak bunların tümünü içeren toplam finansal kaygı ve COVID-19 kaynaklı finansal kaygıların muhtemel nedenlerinin Türkiye örneklemi için araştırılmasıdır. Aile Kaynak Yönetim Modeli çerçevesinde ele alınan ve açıklanan finansal davranış, finansal dayanıklılık, sosyal yardımlar ve sosyoekonomik faktörlerin ampirik dayanakları ise 2021 Global Findex veri setinden, sıralı logit model kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye’de finansal kaygıların azaltılmasının yalnızca gelir artışıyla değil finansal kaynak yönetimini de gerektiren finansal davranışlar ve dayanıklılıkla da ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal Kaygı
• Finansal Davranış
• Aile Kaynak Yönetim Modeli
• Sıralı Logit Model

The Impacts of Financial Resource Management on Financial Worries

Öz

This study aims to investigate the possible causes of total financial worry and COVID-19 induced financial worries, which include all of these in addition to the four common forms of financial worries arising from old age, payments, health, and education, for the Turkish sample. The empirical bases of financial behavior, financial resilience, social assistance, and socioeconomic factors, which are discussed and explained within the Family Resource Management Model framework, are obtained from the 2021 Global Findex dataset using an ordered logit model. The findings indicate that reducing financial worries in Turkey is associated not only with income growth but also with financial behavior and resilience, which require financial resource management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial Worry
• Financial Behavior
• Family Resource Management Model
• Ordered Logit Model

Kaynakça

1. Ali H.; Hassan S.U.; Malik M.S.; Mubbashar, M. (2020), “Impact of cognitive factors on financial behaviors with mediating role of financial anxiety”, Epistemology, 7(1), 82-99.
2. Archuleta, K. L.; Dale, A.; Spann, S. M. (2013), “College students and financial distress: Exploring debt, financial satisfaction, and financial anxiety”, Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 24(2), 50-62.
3. Archuleta, K. L.; Mielitz, K. S.; Jayne, D.; Le, V. (2020), “Financial goal setting, financial anxiety, and solution-focused financial therapy (SFFT): A quasi-experimental outcome study”, Contemporary Family Therapy, 42, 68-76.
4. Ballerini, L.; Lovreglio, R.; Hernández, M. D. C. V.; Gonzalez-Castro, V.; Maniega, S. M., Pellegrini, E.; ...; Wardlaw, J. M. (2016), “Application of the ordered logit model to optimising Frangi filter parameters for segmentation of perivascular spaces”, Procedia Computer Science, 90, 61-67.
5. Bankalararası Kart Merkezi, (2021), 2021 Yılı Değerlendirme Basın Bülteni, Aralık 2021.
6. Barrafrem, K.; Tinghög, G.; Västfjäll, D. (2021), “Trust in the government increases financial well-being and general well-being during COVID-19”, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 31, 100514.
7. Barrafrem, K.; Västfjäll, D.; Tinghög, G. (2020), “Financial well-being, COVID-19, and the financial better-than-average-effect”, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 28, 100410.
8. Basyouni, S. S.; El Keshky, M. E. S. (2021), “Job insecurity, work-related flow, and financial anxiety in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic and economic downturn”, Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 632265.

9. Belle, D.; Doucet, J. (2003), “Poverty, inequality, and discrimination as sources of depression among US women” Psychology of women quarterly, 27(2), 101-113.
10. Benmoyal-Bouzaglo, S.; Moschis, G. P.; Mathur, A. (2019), “Reckless financial behaviors: An exploratory life course study of French and American consumers”, Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 29(4), 440-456.
11. Bhatia, S.; Singh, S. (2023). “Exploring financial well-being of working professionals in the Indian context”, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 1-14.
12. Borkovec, T. D.; Robinson, E.; Pruzinsky, T.; DePree, J. A. (1983), “Preliminary exploration of worry: Some characteristics and processes”, Behaviour research and therapy, 21(1), 9-16.
13. Brown, S.; Taylor, K.; Price, S. W. (2005), “Debt and distress: Evaluating the psychological cost of credit”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(5), 642-663.
14. Brüggen, E. C.; Hogreve, J.; Holmlund, M.; Kabadayi, S.; Löfgren, M. (2017), “Financial well-being: A conceptualization and research agenda”, Journal of business research, 79, 228-237.
15. Campbell, J.Y. (2016), “Restoring rational choice: The challenge of consumer financial regulation. American Economic Review, 106(5), 1-30.
16. Carton, F. L.; Xiong, H.; McCarthy, J. B. (2022), “Drivers of financial well-being in socio-economic deprived populations”, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 34, 100628.
17. Chapin, J. K.; Nicolelis, M. A. (1999), “Principal component analysis of neuronal ensemble activity reveals multidimensional somatosensory representations”, Journal of neuroscience methods, 94(1), 121-140.
18. Constantin, C. (2014), “Principal component analysis-a powerful tool in computing marketing information”, Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences. Series V, 7(2), 25-30.
19. Çopur, Z.; Doğan, N. (2022), “Individuals’ financial health during the Covid-19 pandemic”, Journal of Management and Economic Studies, 4(2), 118-134.
20. Danes, S. M.; Meraz, A. A.; Landers, A. L. (2016), “Cultural meanings of resource management for Mexican–Americans”, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 37, 607-623.
21. de Bruijn, E. J.; Antonides, G. (2020), “Determinants of financial worry and rumination”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 76, 102233.
22. Deacon, R. E.; Firebaugh, F. M. (1988), Family resource management: Principles and application, Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
23. Demirgüç-Kunt, A.; Klapper, L., Singer, D.; Ansar, S. (2022), The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the Age of COVID-19, Washington DC: World Bank Publications.
24. Doehring, C. (2018), “In over our heads with financial anxiety from student debt”, Pastoral Psychology, 67(2), 115-124.
25. Gana, K.; Martin, B.; Canouet, M. D. (2001), “Worry and anxiety: is there a causal relationship?”, Psychopathology, 34(5), 221-229.
26. Ghazwani, S.; van Esch, P.; Cui, Y. G.; Gala, P. (2022), “Artificial intelligence, financial anxiety and cashier-less checkouts: a Saudi Arabian perspective”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 40(6), 1200-1216.
27. Giannelis, A.; Willoughby, E. A.; Corley, R.; Hopfer, C.; Hewitt, J. K.; Iacono, W. G.; …; Lee, J. J. (2023), “The association between saving disposition and financial distress: A genetically informed approach”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 96, 102610.
28. Gignac, G. E.; Gerrans, P.; Andersen, C. B. (2023), Financial literacy mediates the effect between verbal intelligence and financial anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 203, 112025.
29. Goldsmith, E. B. (1996), Resource management for individuals and families, St Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
30. Grable, J. E.; Archuleta, K. L.; Ford, M. R.; Kruger, M.; Gale, J.; Goetz, J. (2020). “The moderating effect of generalized anxiety and financial knowledge on financial management behavior”, Contemporary Family Therapy, 42, 15-24.
31. Grable, J.; Heo, W.; Rabbani, A. (2015), “Financial anxiety, physiological arousal, and planning intention”, Journal of Financial Therapy, 5(2), 1-18.
32. Gutter, M.; Copur, Z. (2011), “Financial behaviors and financial well-being of college students: Evidence from a national survey”, Journal of family and economic Issues, 32, 699-714.
33. Hamididin, R. M.; El Keshky, M. E. S. (2023), “Does the dark triad predict intention to commit corrupt acts? The Mediating role of financial anxiety among Saudi students”, Australian Journal of Psychology, 75(1), 2177498.
34. Hasler, A.; Lusardi, A.; Valdes, O. (2021), Financial anxiety and stress among US households: New evidence from the national financial capability study and focus groups, FINRA Investor Education Foundation.
35. İpek, E. (2019),“Türkiye’de obezitenin sosyoekonomik belirleyicileri”, Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (25), 57-70.
36. Jawahar, I. M.; Mohammed, Z. J.; Schreurs, B. (2022), “Effects of financial anxiety and employability on emotional exhaustion and performance”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 137, 103761.
37. Johar, G.; Meng, R.; Wilcox, K. (2015), “Thinking about financial deprivation: Rumination and decision making among the poor”, Advances in Consumer Research, 43, 208-211.
38. Jones, S. M. (2021), “Cross-sectional association of financial anxiety, medical conditions and preferences for financial interventions”, Journal of BehavioralandExperimental Finance, 30, 100473.
39. Jorgensen, B. L.; Savla, J. (2010), “Financial literacy of young adults: The importance of parental socialization”, Family relations, 59(4), 465-478.
40. Kadoya, Y.; Khan, M. S. R.; Hamada, T.; Dominguez, A. (2018), “Financial literacy and anxiety about life in old age: Evidence from the USA”, Review of Economics of the Household, 16, 859-878.
41. Kapounek, S., Korab, P., andDeltuvaite, V. (2016). “(Ir)rational households’ saving behavior? An empirical investigation”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 625-633.
42. Kara, M. (2020). “Kierkegaard felsefesiyle birlikte ortaya çıkan bir kavram karmaşası: Endişe mi, kaygı mı, anksiyete mi, korku mu?”, FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, (16), 279-308.
43. Karatepe, O. M.; Çolakoğlu, Ü.; Yurcu, G.; Kaya, Ş. (2023), “Do financial anxiety and generalized anxiety mediate the effect of perceived organizational support on service employees’ career commitment? [Earlycite]”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
44. Kass-Hanna, J.; Lyons, A. C.; Liu, F. (2022), “Building financial resilience through financial and digital literacy in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa”, Emerging Markets Review, 51,
45. Khan, K. A.; Akhtar, M. A.; Dey, S. K.; Ibrahim, R. (2020), “Financial anxiety, financial advice, and e-payments: Relationship and perceived difference between males & females of Generation Z”, Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(18), 1812-1820.
46. Kim, K. T.; Cho, S. H.; Xiao, J. J. (2022), “Is ignorance bliss? Use of alternative financial services, financial knowledge, and financial anxiety”, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 1-12.
47. Larbi, F. O.; Ma, Z.; Fang, Z.; Virlanuta, F. O.; Bărbuță-Mișu, N.; Deniz, G. (2022), “Financial anxiety among international students in higher education: A comparative analysis between international students in the United States of America and China”, Sustainability, 14(7), 3743.
48. Lee, Y. G.; Hales, E.; Kelley, H. H. (2023), “Financial behaviors, government assistance, and financial satisfaction”, Social Indicators Research, 166, 85-103.
49. Lim, V. K.; Sng, Q. S. (2006), “Does parental job insecurity matter? Money anxiety, money motives, and work motivation”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1078.
50. Lind, T.; Ahmed, A.; Skagerlund, K.; Strömbäck, C.; Västfjäll, D.; Tinghög, G. (2020), “Competence, confidence, and gender: The role of objective and subjective financial knowledge in household finance”, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 41, 626-638.
51. Litwin, H.; Meir, A. (2013), “Financial worry among older people: Who worries and why?”, Journal of agingstudies, 27(2), 113-120.
52. Maugeri, A.; Barchitta, M.; Favara, G.; La Mastra, C.; La Rosa, M. C.; Magnano San Lio, R.; Agodi, A. (2023), “The application of clustering on principal components for nutritional epidemiology: A workflow to derive dietary patterns”, Nutrients, 15(1), 195.
53. Mensah, C.; Azila-Gbettor, E. M.; Amissah, E. F.; Addison, E. (2022), “Covid-19, financial anxiety and the psychological well-being of hotel workers”, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 24(1), 142-165.
54. Mireku, K.; Appiah, F.; Agana, J. A. (2023), “Is there a link between financial literacy and financial behaviour?”, Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1), 2188712.
55. Özbilge, G. (2022), Tasarruf ve borç davranışlarına dijital bankacılık etkileri: Türkiye örneği, [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi], Tarsus Üniversitesi.
56. Pascoe, M. C.; Hetrick, S. E.; Parker, A. G. (2020), “The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education”, International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 104-112.
57. Patel, P. C.; Wolfe, M. T. (2019), “Money might not make you happy, but can happiness make you money? The value of leveraging subjective well-being enhance financial well-being in self-employment”, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 12, e00134.
58. Potter, D.; Jayne, D.; Britt, S. (2020), “Financial anxiety among college students: The role of generational status”, Journal of Financial Counseling And Planning, 31(2), 284-295.
59. Roll, S. P.; Taylor, S. H.; Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2016), “Financial anxiety in low-and moderate-income households: Findings from the household financial survey”, Center for Social Development (CSD) Research Brief, 16-42.
60. Ryu, S.; Fan, L. (2023), “The relationship between financial worries and psychological distress among US adults”, Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 44(1), 16-33.
61. Shapiro, G. K.; Burchell, B. J. (2012), “Measuring financial anxiety”, Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 5(2), 92-103.
62. Shim, S.; Serido, J.; Tang, C. (2012), “The ant and the grasshopper revisited: The present psychological benefits of saving and future oriented financial behaviors”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(1), 155-165.
63. Strömbäck, C.; Lind, T.; Skagerlund, K.; Västfjäll, D.; Tinghög, G. (2017), “Does self-control predict financial behavior and financial well-being?”, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 14, 30-38.
64. Strömbäck, C.; Skagerlund, K., Västfjäll, D.; Tinghög, G. (2020), “Subjective self-control but not objective measures of executive functions predicts financial behavior and well-being”, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 27, 100339.
65. Taft, M. K.; Hosein, Z. Z.; Mehrizi, S. M. T.; Roshan, A. (2013), “The Relation between financial literacy, financial well being and financial concerns”, International journal of business and management, 8(11), 63-75.
66. Trkulja, I.; Tadic, L. (2021). “Financial anxiety and saving intentions during the Covid-19 crisis: A comparison between Sweden and Serbia”, Master Thesis.
67. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, (2021), Finansal Hesaplar Raporu, Veri Yönetişimi ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü, 2021-IV.
68. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası, (2022), Enflasyon Raporu 2022-I.
69. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, (2022), Kurumsal Sektör Hesaplamaları, 2021. Yayım Tarihi: 13.10.2022, Sayı: 45684.
70. Vieira, K. M.; Potrich, A. C. G.; Bressan, A. A.; Klein, L. L. (2021), “Loss of financial well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic: Does job stability make a difference?”, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 31, 100554.
71. Vosylis, R.; Erentaitė, R. (2019), “Linking family financial socialization with its proximal and distal outcomes: Which socialization dimensions matter most for emerging adults’ financial identity, financial behaviors, and financial anxiety?”, Emerging Adulthood, 8(6), 464-475.
72. Wijekoon, R.; Sabri, M. F.; Ahmad, N.; Abd, H. (2022). “Mediating role of financial behavior between financial factors and economic well-being: Through the lens of the extended family resource management model”, Intrnational Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science, 12(10), 31-48.
73. Wu, T. (2021), “Quantifying coastal flood vulnerability for climate adaptation policy using principal component analysis” Ecological Indicators, 129, 108006.
74. Xiao, J. J.; Chen, C.; Chen, F. (2014), “Consumer financial capability and financial satisfaction”, Social indicators research, 118, 415-432.