The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety on the Relation between Authentic Leadership and Cynicism

Öz

In this study mediating role of psychological safety on the relationship between authentic leadership and cynicism is questioned. Authentic leadership suggests respect and awareness to the thought, belief and culture of followers in an organization. Psychological safety is thought to be predicted with the tolerance and trust culture formed by authentic leadership. Psychological safety perception explains the mood of a person who doesn’t sense or feel interpersonal psychological risk in respect based interpersonal relations. Cynicism explains the mood of individuals in which they lose their trust and confidence on the result of their negative experiences like disappointment and disillusionments. According to the results of surveys which were conducted on 200 employees working in  same sector local factories  in Sinop, the negative effect of authentic leadership on cynicism and partial mediating effect of psychological safety were observed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychological Safety,Cynicism,Authentic Leadership,Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Psikolojik Rahatlık Algısının Otantik Liderliğin Sinizmin Üzerindeki Etkisinde Aracı Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışmada örgütlerde otantik liderliğin sinizm üzerindeki etkisinde psikolojik rahatlık algısının aracı rolü sorgulanmıştır. Otantik liderlik davranışı liderlerin örgütte bireylerin düşünce, inanış, kültürüne farkındalığını öne çıkaran davranışlarını ifade etmektedir. Otantik liderliğin oluşturacağı güven ve hoşgörü kültürüyle psikolojik rahatlık algısının ortaya çıkacabileceği düşünülmektedir. Psikolojik rahatlık algısı bireylerin saygıya dayalı kişilerarası ilişkilerde psikolojik risk hissetmeden konuşması ya da davranmasını ifade etmektedir. Sinizm bireylerin umutsuzluk, hayal kırıklığı vb. olumsuz duygularla karşı tarafa olan güveninin sarsılması ve inancının kaybolmasını ifade etmektedir.  Sinop ilinde aynı sektörde üretim yapan yerel fabrikaların 200 çalışanı üzerine uygulanan anket sonuçlarına göre otantik liderlik davranışlarının sinizme olumsuz etkisi gözlenirken psikolojik rahatlık algısının kısmi aracılık etkisi de gözlenmiştir.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikolojik Rahatlık,Sinizm,Otantik Liderlik,Sürdürülebilir Rekabet Avantajı

Kaynakça

1. Andersson, L. M. (1996), “Employee Cynicism: An Examination Using a Contract Violation Framework”, Human Relations, XLIX, 11, 1996, 1395 - 1418.
2. Andersson, L. M., ve Bateman, T. S. (1997), “Cynicism in the workplace: Some causes and effects”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 449-469.
3. Baron, R. M., ve Kenny, D. A. (1986), “The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations”,. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
4. Angus-Leppan T, Metcalf L, ve Benn S (2010), “Leadership styles and CSR practice: An examination of sense-making, institutional drivers and CSR leadership.”, Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 189-213.
5. Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W.L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., ve May, D. R. (2004), “Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors” , The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 801-823.
6. Baron, R. M., ve Kenny, D. A. (1986), “ The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
7. Bhindi N. ve Duignan, P.(1997), “Leadership for a New Century Authenticity, Intentionality, Spirituality and Sensibility”, Educational Management Administration Leadership, 25, 2, 1997, 117-132.
8. Blau, Peter M. (1964), “ Exchange and Power in Social Life”, New York , John Wiley and Sons, 1964.

9. Dean, J. W., Jr., Brandes, P., ve Dharwadkar, R. (1998), “ Organizational cynicism”, Academy of Management Review, 23, 341-352.
10. Edmondson, A.C. (1999), ”Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams”, Administrative Science Quarterly,1999, 44,2. 350-384.
11. Edmondson, A. C. (2004), “Psychological safety, trust, and learning in organizations: a group-level lens. In Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Dilemmas and Approaches”, Kramer RM, Cook KS (eds). Russell Sage Foundation: New York; 239-272.
12. Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z. (2014) , “ Psychological safety: The history, renaissance, and future of an interpersonal construct”, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 1(1), pp. 23-43.
13. Gardner, W. L., Avolio, F., Luthans, D., May, R. ve Walumbwa, A. , “Can You See The Real Me? A Self-Based Model of Authentic Leader and Follower Development”, The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 2005a, 343–372.
14. Garriga E, ve Mele D (2004) , “ Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory”, Journal of Business Ethics, 53, 51-71.
15. George, B. (2003) , “ Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value”, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 2003.
16. Gini, A. (1997), “Moral Leadership An Overview”, Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 1997, 323-330.
17. Guan-feng, S. ve Bing, XU (2014), “ Perceptions of Organizational Politics, Psychological Safety and Employee Cynicism  in the Chinese Context: “, A Theoretical Framework[J]. 2014, 56(5): 141-147.
18. Harter, S. (2002), “Authenticity”, C. R. SNYDER ve S. J. LOPEZ (Ed.), Handbook of Positive Psychology, London: Oxford University Press, 2002, 382-394.
19. Ilies, , R.,Morgeson, F. P. ve Nahrgang, J.D. (2005), “Authentic Leadership and Eudaemonic Well-Being: Understanding Leader–Follower Outcomes”, The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 2005, 373–394.
20. Johnson, J. L., ve O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2003),” The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 627-647.
21. Kahn WA. 1990, “Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work”, Acad. Manag. J. 33:692–724
22. Kanter, D. L. ve Mirvis, P.H. (1989),”The cynical Americans: Living and working in an age of discontent and disillusion”, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
23. Kernis, M. H. (2003), “Toward a Conceptualization of Optimal Self-Esteem”, Psychological Inquiry, XIV, 1, 2003, 1-26.
24. Luthans, F. ve Avolio, B.J. (2003), “Authentic Leadership Development”, Cameron, K.S. Dutton J. S. ve Quinn, R. (Ed.), Positive Organizational Scholarship, San Francisco:Berrett-Koehler, 2003, 241-258.
25. Memiş, Ç. A.,Aydın, G. K. Kabasakal, H. ve Saraçer, B.E. (2009), “Türkiye’de Otantik Liderlik Üzerine Bir Keşif Çalışması”, 17. Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Kongre Bildiriler Kitabı, Eskişehir, 2009, 294-302.
26. Sağnak, M. ve Kuruöz, M. (2017),” Authentic Leadership and Altruism: The Mediating Role of Meaningfulness”, Universal Journal of Educational Research 5(3), 447-452
27. Secchi D (2007). Utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 347-373.
28. Schepers, J. , Jong, A., Wetzels, M. ve Ruyter, K. (2008),”Psychological Safety and social support in groupware adoption: A multi-level in education”, Computers and education 51, 2008, 757-775.
29. Schein, E. H., & Bennis, W. G. (1965). Personal and organizational change through group methods. New York: Wiley.
30. Toor, S. R. ve Ofori, G. (2010),”Positive Psychological Capital as Source of Sustainable Competitive Advantage for Organizations”, Journal of Constructing Engineering and Management, ASCE, March, 2010, 341-350.
31. VANCE, R. J., S. M. BROOKS ve P. E. TESLUK. “Organizational Cynicism, Cynical Cultures and Organizational Change”, 10th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Orlando, 1996.
32. Waldman D, ve Siegel D (2008),” Defining the socially responsible leader”, The Leadership Quarterly, 19(1), 117-131.
33. Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T.S., ve Peterson, S. J. (2008),” Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure”, Journal of Management, 34 (1), 89-126.
34. Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., ve Austin, J. T. (2000),” Cynicism about organizational change”, Group & Organization Management, 25, 132-153.
35. WiLson, P. (2016), “Lessons from Google: 5 Ways to create Psychological Safety. Approachable Leadership”. http://2wh2pdomc1q415tdl40khdki.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Lessons-from-Google_-5-Ways-to-Create-Psychological-Safety.pdf.
36. Yener, S. (2015a),” Özel Ortaöğretim okullarında paylaşılan liderlik ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik güvenlik algısının aracı rolü”. Haliç Üniversitesi yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. 2015.
37. Yener, S. (2015b). Psikolojik Rahatlık Algısı Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması, ODÜ Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 280-305.