Araştırma Makalesi
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BRICT Ülkelerinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Petrol Fiyatları, CO2 Emisyonu, Kentleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Nedensellik Analizi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 117 - 136, 15.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.335630

Öz





Çalışmada nüfus, coğrafi alan, piyasa büyüklüğü ve
ekonomik büyüme hızları açısından benzer niteliklere sahip BRICT ülkelerinde
yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, karbon emisyonları, kentleşme, petrol
fiyatları ve kişi başına düşen reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla arasındaki
etkileşim Panel VAR analizi ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılarak politika karar
vericilerine ekonomik büyüme hedeflerinde başarıya ulaşabilmeleri için uygun
politikalar önermek amaçlanmıştır. 1990-2015 dönemine ait Dünya Bankası
Ekonomik Göstergeler Veritabanından alınan yıllık verilerle yapılan
Dumitrescu Hurlin panel nedensellik testi sonucunda gayrisafi yurtiçi
hasıla’dan kentleşmeye, yenilenebilir enerjiye, petrol fiyatlarına ve karbon
emisyonlarına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.


Kaynakça

  • Agras, J. ve Chapman, D. (1999). A Dynamic Approach to the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Ecological Economics. 28(2): 267-277.
  • Ahmed, K. ve Long, W. (2012). Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance. 1: 4-13.
  • Akan, Y. Doğan, E. M. ve Işık, C. (2010). The Causality Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey. Enerji, Piyasa ve Düzenleme. 1(1): 101-120.
  • Al-Mulali, U. ve Lee, J. Y. (2013). Estimating The Impact of The Financial Development on Energy Consumption: Evidence From The GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) Countries. Energy. 60: 215-221.
  • Al-Mulali, U. ve Ozturk, I. (2015). The Effect of Energy Consumption, Urbanization, Trade Openness, Industrial Output and The Political Stability on The Environmental Degradation in The MENA (Middle East and North African) Region. Energy. 84: 382-389.
  • Apergis, N, Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Growth in Eurasia. Energy Economics. 32(6): 1392-1397.
  • Ari, A. ve Zeren, F. (2011). CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 18(2), 37-47.
  • Aqeel, A. ve Butt, M. S. (2001). The Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan. Asia-Pacific Development Journal. 8(2): 101-110.
  • Ay, A. (2006) Türkiye’de Wagner Teorisi Üzerine VAR Analizi (1980-2005), S.Ü. İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl:6, Sayı:12, 293-314.
  • Aydın, F. F. (2010). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (35), 317-340.
  • Bakırtaş, İ. ve Çetin, M. A. (2016). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: G-20 Ülkeleri. Sosyoekonomi, 24(28).
  • Banerjee, A. Dolado, J. J. Galbraith, J. W. ve Hendry, D. (1993). Co-integration, Error Correction and The Econometric Analysis of Non-stationary Data. OUP Catalogue.
  • Berberoğlu, C. N. (1982). Türkiye'nin Ekonomik Gelişmesinde Elektrik Enerjisi Sorunu. Eskişehir İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi Dergisi. 18(1): 1-19.
  • Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2011). Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Bhattacharya, M. Paramati, S. R. Ozturk, I. ve Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence From Top 38 Countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741.
  • Bilginoğlu M.A. (1991). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Enerji Sorunu ve Alternatif Enerji Politikaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi İİ BF Dergisi: 9-122.
  • Büyükyılmaz, A. ve Mert, M. (2015). CO2 Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin MS-VAR Yaklaşımı ile Modellenmesi: Türkiye Örneği. Journal of World of Turks, 7(3).
  • Bouzid, A. (2012). The Relationship of Oil Prices and Economic Growth in Tunisia: A Vector Error Correction Model Analysis. The Romanian Economic Journal, 43.
  • Bozkurt, H. (2007). Zaman Serileri Analizleri. Bursa, Ekin Yayınları.
  • Bowden, N. ve Payne, J. E. (2009). The Causal Relationship Between US Energy Consumption and Real Output: A Disaggregated Analysis. Journal of Policy Modeling, 31(2), 180-188.
  • British Petroleum, (2016). BP Statistical Review of World Energy.
  • Cheng, B. S., ve Lai, T. W. (1997). An investigation of co-integration and causality between energy consumption and economic activity in Taiwan. Energy economics, 19(4), 435-444.
  • Chiras, D. (2011). The Homeowner's Guide to Renewable Energy: Achieving Energy Independence Through Solar, Wind, Biomass, and Hydropower. New Society Publishers.
  • Demir, F. (2010). Enerji Oyunu. İstanbul. Ayrım Yayınları.
  • Dijkgraaf, E. ve Vollebergh, H. R. (2005). A test for parameter homogeneity in CO2 panel EKC estimations. Environmental and resource economics, 32(2), 229-239.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. ve Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Enders, W. (2004). Applied Econometric Time Series, by Walter. Technometrics, 46(2), 264.
  • Ergün, S. ve Polat, M. A. (2015). OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (45), 115.
  • Erol, U. ve Yu, E. S. (1987). On The Causal Relationship Between Energy and Income For Industrialized Countries. The Journal of Energy and Development, 113-122.
  • Fodha, M. ve Zaghdoud, O. (2010). Economic Growth and Pollutant Emissions in Tunisia: an Ampirical Analysis of The Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy Policy, 38(2), 1150-1156.
  • Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 37(3), 424- 438.
  • Güllü, M. ve Yakışık, H. (2017). Karbon Emisyonu ve Enerji Tüketiminin Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: MIST Ülkeleri Karşılaştırması. Sosyoekonomi, 25(2).
  • Hamit-Hagar, M. (2012). Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: a Panel Cointegration Analysis From Canadian Industrial Sector Perspective. Energy Economics, 34(1), 358-364.
  • Hossain, S. (2012). An econometric analysis for CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, foreign trade and urbanization of Japan. Low Carbon Economy. 3(3a). 92-105.
  • Hussain, Z. ve Ali, A. (2016). An Econometric Analysis of Trade, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Environmental Quality for Pakistan. Bulletin of Energy Economics, 4(2), 133-137.
  • Hwang, D. B. ve Gum, B. (1991). The Causal Relationship Between Energy and GNP: The Case of Taiwan. The Journal of Energy and Development, 219-226.
  • Ibrahiem, D. M. (2015). Renewable Electricity Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Egypt: an ARDL Approach. Procedia Economics and Finance, 30, 313-323.
  • Inglesi-Lotz, R. (2016). The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption to Economic Growth: A Panel Data Application. Energy Economics, 53, 58-63.
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2016). World Economic Outlook October 2016.
  • Jalil, A. ve Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets Curve For CO2 Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis For China. Energy policy, 37(12), 5167-5172.
  • Jenkins, G. (1990). Oil Economists' Handbook: Statistics.
  • Kaplan, M. Ozturk, I. ve Kalyoncu, H. (2011). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey: Cointegration and Causality Analysis. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 2(31), 31-41.
  • Koç, E. ve Şenel, M. C. (2013). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Enerji Durumu-Genel Değerlendirme. Mühendis ve Makina, 54(639), 32-44.
  • Korkmaz, Ö. ve Develi, A. (2012). Türkiye'de Birincil Enerji Kullanımı, Üretimi ve Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYİH) Arasındaki İlişki. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2).
  • Kraft, J. ve Kraft, A. (1978). On The Relationship Between Energy and GNP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 401-403.
  • Lebe, F. ve Akbaş, Y. E. (2015). Türkiye'de Sanayileşme, Finansal Gelişme, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Kentleşmenin Enerji Tüketimi Üzerindeki Etkisi Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Bir Araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 15(2), 197.
  • Lee, C. C. ve Lee, J. D. (2009). Income and CO2 Emissions: Evidence From Panel Unit Root and Cointegration Tests. Energy policy, 37(2), 413-423.
  • Leitao, N. C. (2014). Economic Growth, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Renewable Energy and Globalization, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, (4), 391-399.
  • Liu, Y. (2009). Exploring the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption in China using ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) and FDM (factor decomposition model). Energy, 34(11), 1846-1854.
  • Masih, A. M. ve Masih, R. (1996). Energy Consumption, Real Income and Temporal Causality: Results From a Multi-Country Study Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques. Energy Economics, 18(3), 165-183.
  • Mehrara, M. (2007). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Oil Exporting Countries. Energy policy, 35(5), 2939-2945.
  • Menegaki, A. N. (2011). Growth and Renewable Energy in Europe: A Random Effect Model With Evidence For Neutrality Hypothesis. Energy Economics, 33(2), 257-263.
  • Menyah, K. ve Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2010). CO2 Emissions, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth in The US. Energy Policy, 38(6), 2911-2915.
  • Narayan, P. K. ve Narayan, S. (2010). Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Economic Growth: Panel Data Evidence From Developing Countries. Energy Policy, 38(1), 661-666.
  • Ocal, O. ve Aslan, A. (2013). Renewable Energy Consumption–Economic Growth Nexus in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 494-499.
  • Ozturk, I. (2010). A Literature Survey On Energy–Growth Nexus. Energy Policy, 38(1), 340- 349.
  • Ozturk, I. (2010) ve Acaravci, A. (2010). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 3220-3225.
  • Özata, E. (2010). Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkilerin Ekonometrik İncelemesi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26: 101–113.
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Causality Analysis of BRICT Countries on Renewable Energy Consumption, Oil Prices, CO2 Emissions, Urbanization and Economic Growth

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 117 - 136, 15.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.335630

Öz





The interaction
between renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions, urbanization, oil
prices and per capita real GDP per capita in BRICT countries with similar
characteristics in terms of population, geographical area, market size and
economic growth rates has been tried to be revealed by panel VAR analysis.
Thus, it is aimed to provide policy makers with appropriate policies to
achieve success in their economic growth targets.
As a result of the annual Dumitrescu Hurlin panel
causality test from the World Bank Economic Indicators Database for the
period 1990-2015, a unidirectional causality relationship from gross domestic
product to urbanization, renewable energy, oil prices and carbon emissions
has been determined.


Kaynakça

  • Agras, J. ve Chapman, D. (1999). A Dynamic Approach to the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Ecological Economics. 28(2): 267-277.
  • Ahmed, K. ve Long, W. (2012). Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance. 1: 4-13.
  • Akan, Y. Doğan, E. M. ve Işık, C. (2010). The Causality Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey. Enerji, Piyasa ve Düzenleme. 1(1): 101-120.
  • Al-Mulali, U. ve Lee, J. Y. (2013). Estimating The Impact of The Financial Development on Energy Consumption: Evidence From The GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) Countries. Energy. 60: 215-221.
  • Al-Mulali, U. ve Ozturk, I. (2015). The Effect of Energy Consumption, Urbanization, Trade Openness, Industrial Output and The Political Stability on The Environmental Degradation in The MENA (Middle East and North African) Region. Energy. 84: 382-389.
  • Apergis, N, Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Growth in Eurasia. Energy Economics. 32(6): 1392-1397.
  • Ari, A. ve Zeren, F. (2011). CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 18(2), 37-47.
  • Aqeel, A. ve Butt, M. S. (2001). The Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan. Asia-Pacific Development Journal. 8(2): 101-110.
  • Ay, A. (2006) Türkiye’de Wagner Teorisi Üzerine VAR Analizi (1980-2005), S.Ü. İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl:6, Sayı:12, 293-314.
  • Aydın, F. F. (2010). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (35), 317-340.
  • Bakırtaş, İ. ve Çetin, M. A. (2016). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: G-20 Ülkeleri. Sosyoekonomi, 24(28).
  • Banerjee, A. Dolado, J. J. Galbraith, J. W. ve Hendry, D. (1993). Co-integration, Error Correction and The Econometric Analysis of Non-stationary Data. OUP Catalogue.
  • Berberoğlu, C. N. (1982). Türkiye'nin Ekonomik Gelişmesinde Elektrik Enerjisi Sorunu. Eskişehir İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi Dergisi. 18(1): 1-19.
  • Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2011). Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Bhattacharya, M. Paramati, S. R. Ozturk, I. ve Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence From Top 38 Countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741.
  • Bilginoğlu M.A. (1991). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Enerji Sorunu ve Alternatif Enerji Politikaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi İİ BF Dergisi: 9-122.
  • Büyükyılmaz, A. ve Mert, M. (2015). CO2 Emisyonu, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin MS-VAR Yaklaşımı ile Modellenmesi: Türkiye Örneği. Journal of World of Turks, 7(3).
  • Bouzid, A. (2012). The Relationship of Oil Prices and Economic Growth in Tunisia: A Vector Error Correction Model Analysis. The Romanian Economic Journal, 43.
  • Bozkurt, H. (2007). Zaman Serileri Analizleri. Bursa, Ekin Yayınları.
  • Bowden, N. ve Payne, J. E. (2009). The Causal Relationship Between US Energy Consumption and Real Output: A Disaggregated Analysis. Journal of Policy Modeling, 31(2), 180-188.
  • British Petroleum, (2016). BP Statistical Review of World Energy.
  • Cheng, B. S., ve Lai, T. W. (1997). An investigation of co-integration and causality between energy consumption and economic activity in Taiwan. Energy economics, 19(4), 435-444.
  • Chiras, D. (2011). The Homeowner's Guide to Renewable Energy: Achieving Energy Independence Through Solar, Wind, Biomass, and Hydropower. New Society Publishers.
  • Demir, F. (2010). Enerji Oyunu. İstanbul. Ayrım Yayınları.
  • Dijkgraaf, E. ve Vollebergh, H. R. (2005). A test for parameter homogeneity in CO2 panel EKC estimations. Environmental and resource economics, 32(2), 229-239.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. ve Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Enders, W. (2004). Applied Econometric Time Series, by Walter. Technometrics, 46(2), 264.
  • Ergün, S. ve Polat, M. A. (2015). OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (45), 115.
  • Erol, U. ve Yu, E. S. (1987). On The Causal Relationship Between Energy and Income For Industrialized Countries. The Journal of Energy and Development, 113-122.
  • Fodha, M. ve Zaghdoud, O. (2010). Economic Growth and Pollutant Emissions in Tunisia: an Ampirical Analysis of The Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy Policy, 38(2), 1150-1156.
  • Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 37(3), 424- 438.
  • Güllü, M. ve Yakışık, H. (2017). Karbon Emisyonu ve Enerji Tüketiminin Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: MIST Ülkeleri Karşılaştırması. Sosyoekonomi, 25(2).
  • Hamit-Hagar, M. (2012). Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: a Panel Cointegration Analysis From Canadian Industrial Sector Perspective. Energy Economics, 34(1), 358-364.
  • Hossain, S. (2012). An econometric analysis for CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, foreign trade and urbanization of Japan. Low Carbon Economy. 3(3a). 92-105.
  • Hussain, Z. ve Ali, A. (2016). An Econometric Analysis of Trade, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Environmental Quality for Pakistan. Bulletin of Energy Economics, 4(2), 133-137.
  • Hwang, D. B. ve Gum, B. (1991). The Causal Relationship Between Energy and GNP: The Case of Taiwan. The Journal of Energy and Development, 219-226.
  • Ibrahiem, D. M. (2015). Renewable Electricity Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Egypt: an ARDL Approach. Procedia Economics and Finance, 30, 313-323.
  • Inglesi-Lotz, R. (2016). The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption to Economic Growth: A Panel Data Application. Energy Economics, 53, 58-63.
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2016). World Economic Outlook October 2016.
  • Jalil, A. ve Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets Curve For CO2 Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis For China. Energy policy, 37(12), 5167-5172.
  • Jenkins, G. (1990). Oil Economists' Handbook: Statistics.
  • Kaplan, M. Ozturk, I. ve Kalyoncu, H. (2011). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey: Cointegration and Causality Analysis. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 2(31), 31-41.
  • Koç, E. ve Şenel, M. C. (2013). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Enerji Durumu-Genel Değerlendirme. Mühendis ve Makina, 54(639), 32-44.
  • Korkmaz, Ö. ve Develi, A. (2012). Türkiye'de Birincil Enerji Kullanımı, Üretimi ve Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYİH) Arasındaki İlişki. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2).
  • Kraft, J. ve Kraft, A. (1978). On The Relationship Between Energy and GNP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 401-403.
  • Lebe, F. ve Akbaş, Y. E. (2015). Türkiye'de Sanayileşme, Finansal Gelişme, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Kentleşmenin Enerji Tüketimi Üzerindeki Etkisi Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Bir Araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 15(2), 197.
  • Lee, C. C. ve Lee, J. D. (2009). Income and CO2 Emissions: Evidence From Panel Unit Root and Cointegration Tests. Energy policy, 37(2), 413-423.
  • Leitao, N. C. (2014). Economic Growth, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Renewable Energy and Globalization, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, (4), 391-399.
  • Liu, Y. (2009). Exploring the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption in China using ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) and FDM (factor decomposition model). Energy, 34(11), 1846-1854.
  • Masih, A. M. ve Masih, R. (1996). Energy Consumption, Real Income and Temporal Causality: Results From a Multi-Country Study Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques. Energy Economics, 18(3), 165-183.
  • Mehrara, M. (2007). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Oil Exporting Countries. Energy policy, 35(5), 2939-2945.
  • Menegaki, A. N. (2011). Growth and Renewable Energy in Europe: A Random Effect Model With Evidence For Neutrality Hypothesis. Energy Economics, 33(2), 257-263.
  • Menyah, K. ve Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2010). CO2 Emissions, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth in The US. Energy Policy, 38(6), 2911-2915.
  • Narayan, P. K. ve Narayan, S. (2010). Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Economic Growth: Panel Data Evidence From Developing Countries. Energy Policy, 38(1), 661-666.
  • Ocal, O. ve Aslan, A. (2013). Renewable Energy Consumption–Economic Growth Nexus in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 494-499.
  • Ozturk, I. (2010). A Literature Survey On Energy–Growth Nexus. Energy Policy, 38(1), 340- 349.
  • Ozturk, I. (2010) ve Acaravci, A. (2010). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 3220-3225.
  • Özata, E. (2010). Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkilerin Ekonometrik İncelemesi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26: 101–113.
  • Pao, H. T., Li, Y. ve Fu, H. C. (2014). Causality Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Brazil. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 5(08), 198.
  • Paul, S. ve Bhattacharya, R. N. (2004). Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: a Note On Conflicting Results. Energy economics. 26(6), 977-983.
  • Saboori, B. Sulaiman, J. ve Mohd, S. (2012). Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in Malaysia: A Cointegration Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy Policy, 51, 184-191.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable Energy Consumption and Income in Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 37(10), 4021-4028.
  • Shahbaz, M. Sbia, R. Hamdi, H. ve Ozturk, I. (2014). Economic growth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation relationship in United Arab Emirates. Ecological Indicators, 45, 622-631.
  • Smith, Z. A. (1994). The Environmental Policy Paradox. 125.
  • Soytaş, U. ve Sarı, R. (2003), Energy Consumption and GDP: Causality Relationship in G-7 Countries and Emerging Markets, Energy Economics, 25, 33-37.
  • Stern, D. (1993). Energy And Economic Growth In The USA: A Multivariate Approach. Energy Economics, 15, 137-150.
  • Stern, D. (2000). A Multıvariate Cointegration Analysis of The Role of Energy in The US Macroeconomy. Energy Economics, 22, 267-283.
  • Sweeney, J. L. (2002). Economics of Energy. Volume:4.9 Article:48, Stanford University.
  • Şengül, S. ve Tuncer, İ. (2006),Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: 1960- 2000. İktisat İşletme ve Finans Dergisi, 21(242), 69-80.
  • Timmons, D. Harris, J. M. ve Roach, B. (2014). The Economics of Renewable Energy. Global Development And Environment Institute, Tufts University, 52.
  • Topallı, N. (2016). CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Hindistan, Çin, Brezilya ve Güney Afrika için Panel Veri Analizi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 427-447.
  • Uçak, S. ve Usupbeyli, A. (2015). Türkiye'de Petrol Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 70(3). Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı, UEA. (2016). International Energy Outlook.
  • Uzunöz, M. ve Akçay, Y. (2012). Türkiye’de Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: 1970-2010. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1-16.
  • Yu, E. S. ve Choi, J. Y. (1985).The Causal Relationship Between Energy and GNP: An International Comparison. The Journal of Energy And Development, 10(2), 249-272.
  • Yu, E. S. ve Hwang, B. K. (1984). The Relationship Between Energy and GNP: Further Results. Energy Economics, 6(3), 186-190.
  • Yücel, F. B. (1994). Enerji Ekonomisi. Febel Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Zhang-wei, L., Xun-gang, Z. (2012). Study on relationship of energy consumption and economic growth in China. Physics Procedia, 24, 313-319.
  • Zhao, Y. ve Wang, S. (2015). The Relationship Between Urbanization, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in China: An Econometric Perspective Analysis. Sustainability, 7(5), 5609-5627.
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Türker Şimşek

Emre Yiğit

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Şimşek, T., & Yiğit, E. (2017). BRICT Ülkelerinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Petrol Fiyatları, CO2 Emisyonu, Kentleşme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Nedensellik Analizi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(3), 117-136. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.335630

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