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Evaluation of Stadium Locations Using AHP and TOPSIS Methods

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 1 - 16, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.484468

Öz

With
the industrialization of the sports, stadiums started to mean more than a venue
for playing games. Therefore, choosing the best location of a stadium is an
important problem for the sports clubs. In this paper, a two-step hierarchical
multi-criteria decision-making model has been developed to evaluate stadium
locations. In the first step, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used to
determine the criteria weights. In the second step, TOPSIS has been used to
evaluate the alternatives. Four main criteria have been identified to evaluate
alternatives: (1) stadium capacity, (2) construction cost, (3) accessibility
and (4) distances. As a case study, the proposed model has been applied to
three new stadium constructions in Izmir, Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Abdollahzadeh, Gholamhossein; Damalas, Christos; Sharifzadeh, Mohammad Sharif; Ahmadi-Gorgi, Hossein (2016), “Selecting Strategies for Rice Stem Borer Management Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)”, Crop Protection, Vol. 84: 27–36.
  • Ahlfeldt, M. Gabriel; Maennig, Wolfgang (2010), “Impact of Sports Arenas on Land Values: Evidence from Berlin”, The Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 44, No. 2: 205–227.
  • Awasthi, Anjali; Chauhan, Satyaveer S. (2012), “A Hybrid Approach Integrating Affinity Diagram, AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS for Sustainable City Logistics Planning”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol. 36, No. 2: 573–584.
  • Ballı, Serkan; Korukoğlu, Serdar (2014), “Development of A Fuzzy Decision Support Framework for Complex Multi‐Attribute Decision Problems: A Case Study for the Selection of Skilful Basketball Players”, Expert Systems, Vol. 31, No. 1: 56–69.
  • Barghchi, Maassoume; Omar, Dasimah; Aman, Mohd Salleh (2009), “Cities, Sports Facilities Development, and Hosting Events”, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 10, No.2: 185–195.
  • Bottani, Eleonora; Rizzi, Antonio (2006), “A Fuzzy TOPSIS Methodology to Support Outsourcing of Logistics Services”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4: 294–308.
  • Bouzon, Marina; Govindan, Kannan; Rodriguez, Carlos Taboada; Campos, Lucila (2016), "Identification and Analysis of Reverse Logistics Barriers Using Fuzzy Delphi Method and AHP", Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Vol. 108: 182–197.
  • Büyüközkan, Gülçin; Çifçi, Gizem (2012), "A Novel Hybrid MCDM Approach Based on Fuzzy DEMATEL, Fuzzy ANP and Fuzzy TOPSIS to Evaluate Green Suppliers", Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 39, No. 3: 3000–3011.
  • Chen, Shu-Jen; Hwang, Ching-Lai (1992), Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods, Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Coates, Dennis (2006), "The Tax Benefits of Hosting the Super Bowl and the MLB All-Star Game: The Houston Experience", International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 1, No. 4: 239–252.
  • Coates, Dennis; Humphreys, Brad (2006), "Proximity Benefits and Voting on Stadium and Arena Subsidies", Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 59, No. 2: 285–299.
  • Devecioğlu, Sebahattin (2005), "Türkiye'de Spor Sektörünün Geliştirilmesi", Verimlilik Dergisi, Cilt 2: 117–135.
  • Ecer, Fatih (2018), "Third-Party Logistics (3PLs) Provider Selection via Fuzzy AHP and EDAS Integrated Model", Technological and Economic Development of Economy, Vol. 24, No. 2: 615–634.
  • Erdoğan, Melike; Kaya, Ihsan (2016), "A Combined Fuzzy Approach to Determine the Best Region for a Nuclear Power Plant in Turkey", Applied Soft Computing Journal, No. 39: 84–93.
  • Ergul, Nuray (2010), "Analyzing of the Effects of League Performance of Turkish Sport Clubs Over the Financial Performances of the Corresponding Sport Companies", China-USA Business Review, Vol. 9, No. 12: 69–79.
  • Eruğrul, İrfan; Karakaşoğlu, Nilsen (2008), "Comparison of Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods for Facility Location Selection", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 39, No. 7-8: 783–795.
  • Falsini, Diego; Fondi, Federico; Schiraldi, Massimiliano. M. (2012), "A Logistics Provider Evaluation and Selection Methodology Based on AHP, DEA and Linear Programming Integration", International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 50, No. 17: 4822–4829.
  • Gratton, Chris; Shibli, Simon; Coleman, Richard (2006), "The Economic Impact of Major Sports Events: A Review of Ten Events in the UK", The Sociological Review, Vol. 54, No. 2: 41–58.
  • Grieve, Jackie; Sherry, Emma (2012), "Community Benefits of Major Sport Facilities: The Darebin International Sports Centre", Sport Management Review, Vol. 15, No, 2: 218–229.
  • Gürcan, Ömer Faruk; Yazıcı, İbrahim; Beyca, Ömer Faruk; Arslan, Çiğdem Yavuz; Eldemir, Fahrettin (2016), "Third Party Logistics (3PL) Provider Selection with AHP Application", 2nd International Strategic Management Conference, ISMC 2016. Antalya: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 226–234.
  • Gwo-Hshiung, Tzeng; Jih-Jeng Huang (2011), Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Kannan, Govindan; Pokharel, Shaligram; Kumar, Sasi (2009), "A Hybrid Approach Using ISM and Fuzzy TOPSIS for the Selection of Reverse Logistics Provider", Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 54, No. 1: 28–36.
  • Karakaş, Adem; Akça, Murat (2017), “Türkiye'de Lojistik Merkezi Yeri Seçiminde Kriterlerin AHP ile Ağırlıklandırılmasi: Kars İli Üzerine Bir Analiz”, Ataturk University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences, Vol. 31, No. 3: 607–626.
  • Kellison, Timothy; Mondello, Micheal (2012), "Organisational Perception Management in Sport: The Use of Corporate Pro-Environmental Behaviour for Desired Facility Referenda Outcomes", Sport Management Review, Vol. 15, No. 4: 500–512.
  • Koukiasa, Myrsini (2011), "Sustainable Facilities Management Within Event Venues", Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, Vol. 3, No. 3: 217–228.
  • Lasley, Scott; Turner, Joel (2010), "Home Run or Strikeout: The Dynamics of Public Opinion on New Sports Facilities", The Social Science Journal, Vol. 47, No. 4: 853–864.
  • Lee, Seungbum; Ross, Stephen (2012), "Sport Sponsorship Decision Making in a Global Market: An Approach of Analytic Hierarchy Process", Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2: 156–168.
  • Liang, Gin-Shuh; Wang, Mao-Jiun (1994), "Personnel Selection Using Fuzzy MCDM Algorithm", European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 78, No. 1: 22–33.
  • Mallen, Cheryl; Chard, Chris (2012), "’What Could Be?’ in Canadian Sport Facility Environmental Sustainability", Sport Management Review, Vol. 15, No. 2: 230–243.
  • Mallen, Cheryl; Adams, Lorne, Stevens, Julie; Thompson, Lauren (2010), "Environmental Sustainability in Sport Facility Management: A Delphi Study", European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 3: 367–389.
  • Nguyen, Thanh; Nahavandi, Saeid (2016), "Modified AHP for Gene Selection and Cancer Classification Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic", IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 24. No. 2: 273–287.
  • Ozceylan, Eren (2016), "A Mathematical Model Using AHP Priorities for Soccer Player Selection: A Case Study", South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 2: 190–205.
  • Önüt, Semih; Kara, Selin Soner; Işık, Elif (2009), "Long Term Supplier Selection Using a Combined Fuzzy MCDM Approach: A Case Study for a Telecommunication Company", Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 36, No. 2: 3887–3895.
  • Özcan, Ali; Karaköprü, Uğur Orhan; Yap, Erhan (2017), "Choosing Intelligent Elevator Control System by Using Analytic Hierarchy Process in High-Rise Buildings", International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Review, Vol. 5, No. 8: 40–53.
  • Percin, Selçuk (2009), "Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Providers by Using a Two-Phase AHP and TOPSIS Methodology", Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 16, No. 5: 588–604.
  • Propheter, Geoffrey (2012), "Are Basketball Arenas Catalysts of Economic Development?", Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 34, No. 4: 441–459.
  • Saaty, Thomas L. (1972), "An Eigenvalue Allocation Model for Prioritization and Planning", University of Pennsylvania Energy Management and Policy Center: 28–31.
  • Salimi, Mahdi; Soltanhosseini, Mohammad; Padash, Donia; Khalili, Ebrahim (2012), "Prioritization of the Factors Effecting Privatization in Sport Clubs: With AHP & TOPSIS Methods-Emphasis in Football", International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2: 102-114.
  • Seifried, Chad; Clopton, Aaron (2013), "An Alternative View of Public Subsidy and Sport Facilities through Social Anchor Theory", City, Culture and Society, Vol. 4, No. 1: 49–55.
  • Siegfried, John; Zimbalist, Andrew (2000), "The Economics of Sports Facilities and Their Communities", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14, No. 3: 95–114.
  • Siegfried, John; Zimbalist, Andrew (2006), "The Economic Impact of Sports Facilities, Teams and Mega‐Events", Australian Economic Review, Vol. 39, No. 4: 420–427.
  • Singh, Rana Pratap; Nachtnebel, Hans Peter (2016), "Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Application for Reinforcement of Hydropower Strategy in Nepal", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 55: 43–58.
  • Sinuany-Stern, Zilla (1988), "Ranking of Sports Teams via the AHP", Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 39, No. 7: 661–667.
  • Thornley, Andy (2002), "Urban Regeneration and Sports Stadia", European Planning Studies, Vol. 10, No. 7: 813–818.
  • Tsaur, Sheng-Hshiung; Chang, Te-Yi; Yen, Chang-Hua (2002), "The Evaluation of Airline Service Quality by Fuzzy MCDM", Tourism Management, Vol. 23, No. 2: 107–115.
  • Tsoukias, Alexis; Perny, Patrice; Vincke, Philippe (2002), "From Concordance/Discordance to the Modelling of Positive and Negative Reasons in Decision Aiding", Aiding Decisions with Multiple Criteria, (Ed. Denis Bouyssou, Eric Jacquet-Lagrèze, Patrice Perny, Roman Słowiński, Daniel Vanderpooten, Philippe Vincke), Boston, MA: Springer: 147–174.
  • Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung; Chiang, Cheng-Hsin; Li, Chung-Wei (2007), "Evaluating Intertwined Effects in E-Learning Programs: A Novel Hybrid MCDM Model Based on Factor Analysis and DEMATEL", Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 32, No. 4: 1028–1044.
  • Yuen, Belinda (2008), "Sport and Urban Development in Singapore", Cities, Vol. 25, No. 1: 29–36.
  • Zeleny, Milan (1998), "Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Eight Concepts of Optimality", Human Systems Management, Vol. 17, No. 2: 97–107.

AHP ve TOPSIS Yöntemleriyle Stadyum Yerlerinin Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 1 - 16, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.484468

Öz

Sporun
endüstriyelleşmesinden sonra, stadyumlar sadece bir oyun alanı olmaktan çok
daha fazlası haline gelmiştir. Buna göre, bir stadyum için en iyi yeri seçmek
spor kulüpleri için önemli bir problemdir. Bu çalışmada, stadyum yeri
alternatiflerini değerlendirmek için iki aşamalı bir Çok Kriterli Karar Verme
modeli geliştirilmiştir. Birinci aşamada, kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi
için Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) kullanılmıştır. İkinci aşamada
alternatifleri değerlendirmek için TOPSIS yöntemi kullanılmıştır.  Alternatifleri değerlendirmek üzere dört ana
kriter belirlenmiştir: (1) stadyumların kapasiteleri, (2) inşaat maliyetleri,
(3) ulaşılabilirlik, (4) uzaklık. Önerilen model, İzmir’de yapılan üç yeni
stadyum inşaatında vaka analizi ile sınanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdollahzadeh, Gholamhossein; Damalas, Christos; Sharifzadeh, Mohammad Sharif; Ahmadi-Gorgi, Hossein (2016), “Selecting Strategies for Rice Stem Borer Management Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)”, Crop Protection, Vol. 84: 27–36.
  • Ahlfeldt, M. Gabriel; Maennig, Wolfgang (2010), “Impact of Sports Arenas on Land Values: Evidence from Berlin”, The Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 44, No. 2: 205–227.
  • Awasthi, Anjali; Chauhan, Satyaveer S. (2012), “A Hybrid Approach Integrating Affinity Diagram, AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS for Sustainable City Logistics Planning”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol. 36, No. 2: 573–584.
  • Ballı, Serkan; Korukoğlu, Serdar (2014), “Development of A Fuzzy Decision Support Framework for Complex Multi‐Attribute Decision Problems: A Case Study for the Selection of Skilful Basketball Players”, Expert Systems, Vol. 31, No. 1: 56–69.
  • Barghchi, Maassoume; Omar, Dasimah; Aman, Mohd Salleh (2009), “Cities, Sports Facilities Development, and Hosting Events”, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 10, No.2: 185–195.
  • Bottani, Eleonora; Rizzi, Antonio (2006), “A Fuzzy TOPSIS Methodology to Support Outsourcing of Logistics Services”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4: 294–308.
  • Bouzon, Marina; Govindan, Kannan; Rodriguez, Carlos Taboada; Campos, Lucila (2016), "Identification and Analysis of Reverse Logistics Barriers Using Fuzzy Delphi Method and AHP", Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Vol. 108: 182–197.
  • Büyüközkan, Gülçin; Çifçi, Gizem (2012), "A Novel Hybrid MCDM Approach Based on Fuzzy DEMATEL, Fuzzy ANP and Fuzzy TOPSIS to Evaluate Green Suppliers", Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 39, No. 3: 3000–3011.
  • Chen, Shu-Jen; Hwang, Ching-Lai (1992), Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods, Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Coates, Dennis (2006), "The Tax Benefits of Hosting the Super Bowl and the MLB All-Star Game: The Houston Experience", International Journal of Sport Finance, Vol. 1, No. 4: 239–252.
  • Coates, Dennis; Humphreys, Brad (2006), "Proximity Benefits and Voting on Stadium and Arena Subsidies", Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 59, No. 2: 285–299.
  • Devecioğlu, Sebahattin (2005), "Türkiye'de Spor Sektörünün Geliştirilmesi", Verimlilik Dergisi, Cilt 2: 117–135.
  • Ecer, Fatih (2018), "Third-Party Logistics (3PLs) Provider Selection via Fuzzy AHP and EDAS Integrated Model", Technological and Economic Development of Economy, Vol. 24, No. 2: 615–634.
  • Erdoğan, Melike; Kaya, Ihsan (2016), "A Combined Fuzzy Approach to Determine the Best Region for a Nuclear Power Plant in Turkey", Applied Soft Computing Journal, No. 39: 84–93.
  • Ergul, Nuray (2010), "Analyzing of the Effects of League Performance of Turkish Sport Clubs Over the Financial Performances of the Corresponding Sport Companies", China-USA Business Review, Vol. 9, No. 12: 69–79.
  • Eruğrul, İrfan; Karakaşoğlu, Nilsen (2008), "Comparison of Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods for Facility Location Selection", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 39, No. 7-8: 783–795.
  • Falsini, Diego; Fondi, Federico; Schiraldi, Massimiliano. M. (2012), "A Logistics Provider Evaluation and Selection Methodology Based on AHP, DEA and Linear Programming Integration", International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 50, No. 17: 4822–4829.
  • Gratton, Chris; Shibli, Simon; Coleman, Richard (2006), "The Economic Impact of Major Sports Events: A Review of Ten Events in the UK", The Sociological Review, Vol. 54, No. 2: 41–58.
  • Grieve, Jackie; Sherry, Emma (2012), "Community Benefits of Major Sport Facilities: The Darebin International Sports Centre", Sport Management Review, Vol. 15, No, 2: 218–229.
  • Gürcan, Ömer Faruk; Yazıcı, İbrahim; Beyca, Ömer Faruk; Arslan, Çiğdem Yavuz; Eldemir, Fahrettin (2016), "Third Party Logistics (3PL) Provider Selection with AHP Application", 2nd International Strategic Management Conference, ISMC 2016. Antalya: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 226–234.
  • Gwo-Hshiung, Tzeng; Jih-Jeng Huang (2011), Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Kannan, Govindan; Pokharel, Shaligram; Kumar, Sasi (2009), "A Hybrid Approach Using ISM and Fuzzy TOPSIS for the Selection of Reverse Logistics Provider", Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 54, No. 1: 28–36.
  • Karakaş, Adem; Akça, Murat (2017), “Türkiye'de Lojistik Merkezi Yeri Seçiminde Kriterlerin AHP ile Ağırlıklandırılmasi: Kars İli Üzerine Bir Analiz”, Ataturk University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences, Vol. 31, No. 3: 607–626.
  • Kellison, Timothy; Mondello, Micheal (2012), "Organisational Perception Management in Sport: The Use of Corporate Pro-Environmental Behaviour for Desired Facility Referenda Outcomes", Sport Management Review, Vol. 15, No. 4: 500–512.
  • Koukiasa, Myrsini (2011), "Sustainable Facilities Management Within Event Venues", Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, Vol. 3, No. 3: 217–228.
  • Lasley, Scott; Turner, Joel (2010), "Home Run or Strikeout: The Dynamics of Public Opinion on New Sports Facilities", The Social Science Journal, Vol. 47, No. 4: 853–864.
  • Lee, Seungbum; Ross, Stephen (2012), "Sport Sponsorship Decision Making in a Global Market: An Approach of Analytic Hierarchy Process", Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2: 156–168.
  • Liang, Gin-Shuh; Wang, Mao-Jiun (1994), "Personnel Selection Using Fuzzy MCDM Algorithm", European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 78, No. 1: 22–33.
  • Mallen, Cheryl; Chard, Chris (2012), "’What Could Be?’ in Canadian Sport Facility Environmental Sustainability", Sport Management Review, Vol. 15, No. 2: 230–243.
  • Mallen, Cheryl; Adams, Lorne, Stevens, Julie; Thompson, Lauren (2010), "Environmental Sustainability in Sport Facility Management: A Delphi Study", European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 3: 367–389.
  • Nguyen, Thanh; Nahavandi, Saeid (2016), "Modified AHP for Gene Selection and Cancer Classification Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic", IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 24. No. 2: 273–287.
  • Ozceylan, Eren (2016), "A Mathematical Model Using AHP Priorities for Soccer Player Selection: A Case Study", South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 2: 190–205.
  • Önüt, Semih; Kara, Selin Soner; Işık, Elif (2009), "Long Term Supplier Selection Using a Combined Fuzzy MCDM Approach: A Case Study for a Telecommunication Company", Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 36, No. 2: 3887–3895.
  • Özcan, Ali; Karaköprü, Uğur Orhan; Yap, Erhan (2017), "Choosing Intelligent Elevator Control System by Using Analytic Hierarchy Process in High-Rise Buildings", International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Review, Vol. 5, No. 8: 40–53.
  • Percin, Selçuk (2009), "Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Providers by Using a Two-Phase AHP and TOPSIS Methodology", Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 16, No. 5: 588–604.
  • Propheter, Geoffrey (2012), "Are Basketball Arenas Catalysts of Economic Development?", Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 34, No. 4: 441–459.
  • Saaty, Thomas L. (1972), "An Eigenvalue Allocation Model for Prioritization and Planning", University of Pennsylvania Energy Management and Policy Center: 28–31.
  • Salimi, Mahdi; Soltanhosseini, Mohammad; Padash, Donia; Khalili, Ebrahim (2012), "Prioritization of the Factors Effecting Privatization in Sport Clubs: With AHP & TOPSIS Methods-Emphasis in Football", International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2: 102-114.
  • Seifried, Chad; Clopton, Aaron (2013), "An Alternative View of Public Subsidy and Sport Facilities through Social Anchor Theory", City, Culture and Society, Vol. 4, No. 1: 49–55.
  • Siegfried, John; Zimbalist, Andrew (2000), "The Economics of Sports Facilities and Their Communities", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14, No. 3: 95–114.
  • Siegfried, John; Zimbalist, Andrew (2006), "The Economic Impact of Sports Facilities, Teams and Mega‐Events", Australian Economic Review, Vol. 39, No. 4: 420–427.
  • Singh, Rana Pratap; Nachtnebel, Hans Peter (2016), "Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Application for Reinforcement of Hydropower Strategy in Nepal", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 55: 43–58.
  • Sinuany-Stern, Zilla (1988), "Ranking of Sports Teams via the AHP", Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 39, No. 7: 661–667.
  • Thornley, Andy (2002), "Urban Regeneration and Sports Stadia", European Planning Studies, Vol. 10, No. 7: 813–818.
  • Tsaur, Sheng-Hshiung; Chang, Te-Yi; Yen, Chang-Hua (2002), "The Evaluation of Airline Service Quality by Fuzzy MCDM", Tourism Management, Vol. 23, No. 2: 107–115.
  • Tsoukias, Alexis; Perny, Patrice; Vincke, Philippe (2002), "From Concordance/Discordance to the Modelling of Positive and Negative Reasons in Decision Aiding", Aiding Decisions with Multiple Criteria, (Ed. Denis Bouyssou, Eric Jacquet-Lagrèze, Patrice Perny, Roman Słowiński, Daniel Vanderpooten, Philippe Vincke), Boston, MA: Springer: 147–174.
  • Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung; Chiang, Cheng-Hsin; Li, Chung-Wei (2007), "Evaluating Intertwined Effects in E-Learning Programs: A Novel Hybrid MCDM Model Based on Factor Analysis and DEMATEL", Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 32, No. 4: 1028–1044.
  • Yuen, Belinda (2008), "Sport and Urban Development in Singapore", Cities, Vol. 25, No. 1: 29–36.
  • Zeleny, Milan (1998), "Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Eight Concepts of Optimality", Human Systems Management, Vol. 17, No. 2: 97–107.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Uğur Orhan Karaköprü 0000-0001-8389-9303

Özgür Kabadurmuş 0000-0002-1974-7134

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaköprü, U. O., & Kabadurmuş, Ö. (2020). Evaluation of Stadium Locations Using AHP and TOPSIS Methods. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.484468