A BRIEF OVERVIEW TO SOLID WASTE TREATMENT & RECENT PRACTICE OF TURKEY
Abstract
High rates of energy and goods consumption, combined with increasing population growth and high living standards, lead to the ever-increasing production of solid waste. The amount of solid waste generated today has reached a level that poses serious threats to the environment and the sustainable management of the country's economies. Although action plans are being prepared and implemented by countries, unions and institutions for the environmentally friendly and sustainable management of solid waste, it is seen that the threat still exists for the near future. Within the scope of solid waste, management of household waste is undoubtedly one of the most important issues today. The MSW EU average for 2021 reached 530 million tons. Similarly, a total of 104.8 million tons of waste was generated in Turkey in 2020, 32.3 million tons of which were domestic waste. Although, today, the most common method of solid waste control globally is storage in open or controlled landfills, it is seen that Thermal conversion, MTB or Liquefaction applications, which enable energy production especially within the cyclical economy and production model, are increasingly increasing.
The aim of this compilation study, in which global and country-based statistics are briefly presented, is to raise awareness of the increasing threat.
Keywords
Solid waste , Sustainability , Waste treatment , Municipal solid waste
Kaynakça
- Abubakar, I.R., Maniruzzaman, K.M.; Dano, U.L., AlShihri, F.S., AlShammari, M.S., Ahmed, S.M.S., Al-Gehlani, W.A.G., Alrawaf, T.I. (2022) Environmental sustainability impacts of solid waste management practices in the global south. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 12717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912717
- Aggeri F., (2021) From waste to urban mines: a historical perspective on the circular economy; Field Actions. Science Reports [Online], Special Issue, http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/6530
- Akkoyunlu A., Avşar Y., and Erguven G.O., (2017) Hazardous Waste Management in Turkey. J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste, 21(4): 04017018, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000373
- - Basel Convention, available at; https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/1275/Default.aspx
- Criteria for the Definition of Solid Waste and Solid and Hazardous Waste Exclusions (2023) available at https://www.epa.gov/hw/criteria-definition-solid-waste-and-solid-and-hazardous-waste-exclusions
- Chen, D.MC, Bodirsky, B. L, Krueger, T., Mishra, A., Popp A., (2020), The world’s growing municipal solid waste: trends and impacts, Environ. Res. Lett. 15 074021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8659
- Directive of Control on Waste Batteries and Accumulators, URL < http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=7.5.7118&MevzuatIliski=0&sourceXmlSear>, (Accessed on. 2023)
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Environment, Being wise with waste – The EU's approach to waste management, Publications Office (2010), available at https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2779/93543
- European Commission EUROSTAT Directorate E: Sectoral and regional statistics Unit E-2: Environmental statistics and accounts; sustainable development Guidance on municipal waste data collection, September 2016, available at; https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/342366/351806/Municipal-waste-statistics-guidance.pdf
- European Commission EUROSTAT Directorate E: Sectoral and regional statistics Unit E-2: Environmental statistics and accounts; sustainable development Guidance for the compilation and reporting of data on municipal waste according to Commission Implementing Decisions 2019/1004/EC and 2019/1885/EC, and the Joint Questionnaire of Eurostat and OECD (2023),