KENTSEL TASARIM VE GÜRÜLTÜ YÖNETİMİ: MARDİN ŞEHİR MERKEZİNDE ÇEVRESEL GÜRÜLTÜ SORUNLARI VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 3, 2005 - 2016, 19.12.2025

Mehmet Salih Aydin Zuhal Ozcetin

https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1767887

Öz

Gürültü kirliliği, çevresel bir sorun olarak özellikle kentleşmenin ve nüfus artışının hızlanmasıyla daha belirgin hale gelmiştir. Literatürde gürültü kirliliği, istenmeyen ya da rahatsızlık veren sesler olarak tanımlanmakta; insan sağlığı, çevre ve toplumsal yaşam üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri vurgulanmaktadır. Trafik gürültüsü, kentsel alanlarda en yaygın çevresel gürültü kaynağıdır. Gürültü ölçümleri ve analizleri, bu sorunla mücadelede hangi bölgelerin öncelikli olduğunu belirlemek açısından önemlidir. Özellikle tarihi ve turistik şehirlerde, trafik kaynaklı gürültünün hem insanlar hem de yapılar üzerindeki etkileri önemli bir araştırma konusu olmuştur.
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) ve Avrupa Birliği gibi uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından gürültü seviyelerine ilişkin belirlenmiş sınır değerler bulunmaktadır. Türkiye'de de bu konuda Çevresel Gürültü Kontrol Yönetmeliği ve Binaların Gürültüye Karşı Korunması Hakkındaki Yönetmelik önemli referanslar olarak kabul edilmektedir.
Bu bağlamda yapılan gürültü ölçümleri sonucunda, Mardin kent merkezindeki trafik gürültüsünün ana kaynakları; motorlu araçlarda kullanılan havalı kornalar, üflemeli egzozlar ve eski model araçlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel bulgusu, 9 farklı ölçüm noktasının tamamında, akşam (limit 65 dBA) ve gece (limit 60 dBA) saatlerindeki eşdeğer gürültü seviyelerinin Yönetmelik sınır değerlerini aştığıdır. Özellikle akşam saatlerinde ölçülen maksimum gürültü seviyesi 83.0 dBA'ya ulaşarak, limit değeri 18.0 dBA'ya kadar aşmıştır. Gece saatlerinde ise maksimum seviye 78.6 dBA olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, gürültü seviyelerinin halk sağlığı ve yaşam kalitesi üzerinde olumsuz psikolojik ve fizyolojik etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen bu kritik veriler doğrultusunda, çalışmanın sonunda Mardin şehir merkezi için kentsel tasarıma dayalı detaylı çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mardin , Gürültü kontrolü , Ses , Çevresel gürültü , Kentsel tasarım

URBAN DESIGN AND NOISE MANAGEMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS SUGGESTIONS IN MARDIN CITY CENTRE

Öz

Noise pollution has become an increasingly important environmental issue, especially with the acceleration of urbanisation and population growth. In the literature, noise pollution is defined as unwanted or annoying sounds and its negative effects on human health, the environment and social life are emphasised. Traffic noise is the most common source of environmental noise in urban areas. Noise measurements and analyses are important in determining which areas are priority areas in combating this problem. Especially in historical and touristic cities, the effects of traffic noise on both people and structures have become an important research topic.
International organisations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union have set limit values for noise levels. In Türkiye, the Regulation on the Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise is also accepted as an important reference in this regard.
In this context, noise measurements revealed that the main sources of traffic noise in the centre of Mardin were air horns used in motor vehicles, exhausts from blowers, and older vehicle models. The study's key finding was that equivalent noise levels exceeded the regulatory limit values at all nine measurement points in the evening (limit 65 dBA) and at night (limit 60 dBA). The maximum noise level measured, particularly in the evening, was 83.0 dBA, which exceeded the limit value by 18.0 dBA. The maximum level at night was determined to be 78.6 dBA. These findings demonstrate that noise levels have negative psychological and physiological effects on public health and quality of life. Based on these critical findings, detailed proposals for urban design solutions for Mardin city centre were presented at the end of the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mardin , Noise control , Sound , Environmental noise , Urban design

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