GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES

Fırat Yılmaz; Demet Topaloğlu Yazıcı; Asu Hümeyra Doğu; Aybeniz Savaş; İrem Yeşil; Semiha Taşkın

doi:10.31796/ogummf.1917843

TR EN

MEYVE KABUĞU KATKILARIYLA GÜÇLENDİRİLMİŞ YEŞİL KİTOSAN/PEG/PVA AMBALAJ FİLMLERİ

Öz

Malzemelerin oksijen, nem, ışık ve mikroorganizmalar gibi çevresel etkenlere karşı korunması; ürün kalitesinin muhafaza edilmesi ve raf ömrünün uzatılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilen işleme ambalajlama denir. Günümüzde ambalajlamada yaygın olarak kullanılan petrol kökenli plastikler biyobozunur değildir ve doğada uzun süre bozunmadan kalabilmektedir. Bu durum, çevre dostu ve sürdürülebilir ambalaj malzemelerine olan gereksinimi ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, birçok biyobozunur ambalaj malzemesi düşük mekanik dayanım göstermekte olup, bu durum bu malzemelerin koruyucu ambalaj uygulamalarındaki kullanımını sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kitosan, polietilen glikol (PEG) ve polivinil alkol (PVA) biyopolimerleri ile yerli alıç (Crataegus spp.) ve nar (Punica granatum L.) kullanılarak, yeterli mekanik dayanım ve antibakteriyel özellik gösterebilen potansiyel biyoambalajların geliştirilmesi amacıyla biyolojik temelli biyokompozit filmler hazırlanmış ve karakterize edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler, biyokompozit filmlerin farklı özelliklere sahip çözücülere karşı dayanıklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Optik mikroskop ve SEM görüntüleri, takviye malzemelerinin polimer matris içerisinde homojen şekilde dağıldığını doğrulamıştır. Literatürde raporlanan benzer malzemelerle karşılaştırıldığında, biyokompozitlerin daha üstün mekanik performans sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Toprağa gömme testleri sonucunda, geliştirilen biyokompozitlerin ticari plastiklere kıyasla yüksek biyobozunurluk gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Geliştirilen formülasyonlar arasında, nar kabuğu içeren 3BP filmi, hem mekanik hem de antibakteriyel açıdan başarılı performansı sayesinde sürdürülebilir ambalaj uygulamaları için umut verici özellikler sergilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeşil ambalaj, Biyokompozit filmler, Antibakteriyel aktivite, Doğal Katkılar, Mekanik Dayanım

Destekleyen Kurum

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Proje Numarası

1919B012446184

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma kapsamında insan katılımcılar veya deney hayvanları kullanılmamıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan tüm materyaller ve yöntemler ilgili etik kurallar ve bilimsel araştırma standartlarına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yazarlar arasında herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.

GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES

Öz

Packaging refers to the process applied to protect materials against environmental factors such as oxygen, moisture, light, and microorganisms, thereby preserving product quality and extending shelf life. Petroleum-based plastics, which are commonly used in packaging applications, are not biodegradable and can persist in the environment for long periods. This has led to an increasing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable packaging materials. However, many biodegradable packaging materials exhibit limited mechanical strength, restricting their practical applicability in protective packaging systems. In this study, bio-based biocomposite films were prepared and characterized using chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) biopolymers, reinforced with locally sourced hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), with the aim of developing potential biodegradable packaging films with both sufficient mechanical strength and antibacterial functionality. The results demonstrated that the biocomposite films exhibited resistance to solvents with different characteristics. Optical microscopy and SEM analyses confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of the reinforcing materials within the polymer matrix. Compared to similar materials reported in the literature, the developed biocomposite films displayed superior mechanical performance. Soil burial tests further verified that the biocomposite films exhibited significantly higher biodegradability than conventional plastics. Among the developed formulations, the 3BP film containing pomegranate peel exhibited promising characteristics for sustainable packaging applications due to its strong mechanical and antibacterial performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Green packaging, Biocomposite films, Antibacterial activity, Natural additives, Mechanical Durability

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Proje Numarası

1919B012446184

Etik Beyan

This study does not involve human participants or animals. All materials and methods used in this research were carried out in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and scientific research standards. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Çevresel ve Sürdürülebilir Süreçler, Malzeme Bilimi ve Teknolojileri, Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojileri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Fırat Yılmaz ^*
0000-0001-9634-4438
Türkiye

Demet Topaloğlu Yazıcı
0000-0002-9409-7397
Türkiye

Asu Hümeyra Doğu
0009-0000-7574-028X
Türkiye

Aybeniz Savaş
0009-0005-3238-3135
Türkiye

İrem Yeşil
0009-0005-3120-9733
Türkiye

Semiha Taşkın
0009-0006-9398-9963
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

17 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Mart 2026

Kabul Tarihi

14 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1917843

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA58KJ42LH

APA

Yılmaz, F., Topaloğlu Yazıcı, D., Doğu, A. H., Savaş, A., Yeşil, İ., & Taşkın, S. (2026). GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(2), 2251-2265. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1917843

AMA

1.Yılmaz F, Topaloğlu Yazıcı D, Doğu AH, Savaş A, Yeşil İ, Taşkın S. GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2026;34(2):2251-2265. doi:10.31796/ogummf.1917843

Chicago

Yılmaz, Fırat, Demet Topaloğlu Yazıcı, Asu Hümeyra Doğu, Aybeniz Savaş, İrem Yeşil, ve Semiha Taşkın. 2026. “GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 34 (2): 2251-65. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1917843.

EndNote

Yılmaz F, Topaloğlu Yazıcı D, Doğu AH, Savaş A, Yeşil İ, Taşkın S (01 Ağustos 2026) GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 34 2 2251–2265.

IEEE

[1]F. Yılmaz, D. Topaloğlu Yazıcı, A. H. Doğu, A. Savaş, İ. Yeşil, ve S. Taşkın, “GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES”, ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg, c. 34, sy 2, ss. 2251–2265, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.31796/ogummf.1917843.

ISNAD

Yılmaz, Fırat - Topaloğlu Yazıcı, Demet - Doğu, Asu Hümeyra - Savaş, Aybeniz - Yeşil, İrem - Taşkın, Semiha. “GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 34/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 2251-2265. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1917843.

JAMA

1.Yılmaz F, Topaloğlu Yazıcı D, Doğu AH, Savaş A, Yeşil İ, Taşkın S. GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2026;34:2251–2265.

MLA

Yılmaz, Fırat, vd. “GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 34, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 2251-65, doi:10.31796/ogummf.1917843.

Vancouver

1.Fırat Yılmaz, Demet Topaloğlu Yazıcı, Asu Hümeyra Doğu, Aybeniz Savaş, İrem Yeşil, Semiha Taşkın. GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 01 Ağustos 2026;34(2):2251-65. doi:10.31796/ogummf.1917843

MEYVE KABUĞU KATKILARIYLA GÜÇLENDİRİLMİŞ YEŞİL KİTOSAN/PEG/PVA AMBALAJ FİLMLERİ

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GREEN CHITOSAN/PEG/PVA PACKAGING FILMS REINFORCED WITH FRUIT PEEL ADDITIVES

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