In this study, cell suspension of Geotrichum candidum and Candida albicans were exposed to microwave. The degrees of inactivation by the various exposure time, initial yeast cells amount and different power of microwave were compared systematically. Maximum efficiency of microwave was observed at 30 sec of exposure time, 1x1012 of initial yeast cell concentration, and 600 W of microwave power for C. albicans, 60 sec of exposure time, 1x1014 of initial yeast cell concentration and 600 W of microwave power for G. candidum. Experimental data shows that microwaves apparently produced lethal effects on the examined yeast by heat generated during microwave exposure.
[1] G. R. Vela, J. F. Wu, “Mechanism of Lethal Action of 2,450-MHz Radiation on Microorganisms”, Applied And Environmental Microbiology., Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 550-553, 1978.
[2] I.M. Woo, I.K. Rhee, H.D. Park , “Differential Damage in Bacterial Cells by Microwave Radiation on the Basis of Cell Wall Structure”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 2243–2247, 2000.
[3] D. Y. C. Fung, F. E. Cunningham, “Effect of microwaves on microorganisms in foods”, Journal of Food Protection., Vol. 43, pp. 641–650, 1980.
[4] M. E. Stiles, “Thermal inactivation and injury of Staphylococcus aureus”, Ph.D. thesis., University of Illinois, Urbana. 1963.
[5] R. L. Górny, G. Mainelis, A. Wlazáo, A. Niesler, D. O. Lis, S. Marzec, E. SiwiĔska, B. à. IzbiĔska, A. Harkawy, J. K. Kocot, “Viability Of Fungal and Actinomycetal Spores After Microwave Radiation Of Building Materials”, Ann Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, Vol.14, pp. 313-324, 2007.
[6] A. Dandõa, M. Satõ, K. Arya, R. Sharma, A. Loupy, “Facile One Pot Microwave Induced Solvent-Free Synthesis and Antifungal, Antitubercular Screening of Spiro [1,5]-Benzothiazepin2,39[39H]indol-2[19H]-ones”, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin., Vol. 51, No.10, pp. 11371141, 2003.
[7] H. Fujikawa, K. Ohta, “Patterns of bacterial destruction in solutions by microwave ørradiation”, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 76, pp. 389-394, 1993.
[8] H. Fujikawa, H. Ushioda, Y. Kudo, “Kinetics of Escherichia coli destruction by microwave irradiation”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 58, pp. 920-924, 1992.
[9] S.Gedikli, Ö.Tabak, Ö.Tomsuk, A.Çabuk, “Effect of Microwaves on Some Gram Negative and Gram Positive Bacteria”, Journal of Applied Biological Sciences., Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 67-71, 2008.
[10] S.A. Godblith, D. Wang, “Effect of microwaves on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis”, Applied Microbiology, Vol. 15, pp. 1271-1375, 1967.
[11] R.V. Lechowich , L.R. Beuchat, K.I. Fox, F.H. Webster, “Procedure for Evaluating the Effects of 2,450- Megahertz Microwaves upon Streptococcus faecalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, Applied Microbiology, Vol. 17, pp. 106-110, 1969.
[12] R.A. Heddleson, S. Doores, R.C. Anantheswaran, “Parameters affecting destruction of Salmonella spp. by microwave heating”, Journal of Food Science., Vol. 59, pp. 447–451, 1994.
[13] B.A. Welt, C.H. Tong, J.L. Rossen, D.D. Lund, “Effect of microwave radiation on inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes (PA 3679) spore”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 60, pp. 482-488, 1994.
[14] J.K. Shin, Y.R. Pyun, “Inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum by pulsed-microwave irradiation”, Journal of Food Science, Vol. 62, pp. 163-166, 1997.
[15] J.M. Farber, J.Y.D. Aoust, M. Diotte, A. Sewell, E. Daley, “Survival of Listeria spp. On raw whole chickens in microwave ovens”, Journal of Food Protection., Vol. 61, pp. 1465-1469, 1998.
[17] H. Khalil, R. Villota, “Comparative study on injury and recovery of Staphylococcus aureus using microwave and conventional heating”, Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 51, pp. 181-186, 1988.
[18] S. Banik , S. Bandyopadhyay, S. Ganguly, “Bioeffects of microwave––a brief review”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 87, pp.155–159, 2003.
[19] M.M. Bradford, “A rapid and sensitive method for the quantition of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding”, Analitical Biochemistry, Vol. 72, pp. 24851, 1976.
[20] A.V.Vorst, “RF/Microwave Radiation Protection”, TUTB News Letter., No 21, pp. 12-16, 2003.
[21] G. J. Hyland, “Non-Thermal Bioeffects Induced by Low-Intensity Microwave Irradiation of Living Systems”, Engineering Science and Education Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 261-268, 1998.
[22] S. B. Jasnow, J. L. Smith, “Microwave Sanitization of Color Additives Used in Cosmetics: Feasibility Study”, Applied Microbiology, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 205-211, 1975. [23] S. S. Patel, A. A. Owida, Y. S. Morsi, “Microwave sterilization of bovine pericardium for heart valve applications”, The Japanese Society for Artificial Organs, Vol. 13, pp. 24–30, 2010.
Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi
Bu çalışmada, Geotrichum candidum ve Candida albicans hücre süspansiyonları
mikrodalgaya maruz bırakılmıştır. Farklı maruz kalma süresi, başlangıç maya
hücre konsantrasyonu ve çeşitli mikrodalga güçlerinde inaktivasyonun derecesi
düzenli olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. En fazla mikrodalga etkisi; C. albicans
için 30 saniye, 1x1012 başlangıç maya hücre konsantrasyonu ve 600 W mikrodalga uygulaması
ile elde edilmiştir. G. candidum için ise 60 saniye, 1x1014 başlangıç maya
hücre konsantrasyonu ve 600 W mikrodalga uygulaması ile elde edilmiştir.
Deneysel veriler, denenen maya hücreleri için mikrodalganın uygulama sırasında oluşan
sıcaklık nedeni ile öldürücü etki gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
[1] G. R. Vela, J. F. Wu, “Mechanism of Lethal Action of 2,450-MHz Radiation on Microorganisms”, Applied And Environmental Microbiology., Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 550-553, 1978.
[2] I.M. Woo, I.K. Rhee, H.D. Park , “Differential Damage in Bacterial Cells by Microwave Radiation on the Basis of Cell Wall Structure”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 2243–2247, 2000.
[3] D. Y. C. Fung, F. E. Cunningham, “Effect of microwaves on microorganisms in foods”, Journal of Food Protection., Vol. 43, pp. 641–650, 1980.
[4] M. E. Stiles, “Thermal inactivation and injury of Staphylococcus aureus”, Ph.D. thesis., University of Illinois, Urbana. 1963.
[5] R. L. Górny, G. Mainelis, A. Wlazáo, A. Niesler, D. O. Lis, S. Marzec, E. SiwiĔska, B. à. IzbiĔska, A. Harkawy, J. K. Kocot, “Viability Of Fungal and Actinomycetal Spores After Microwave Radiation Of Building Materials”, Ann Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, Vol.14, pp. 313-324, 2007.
[6] A. Dandõa, M. Satõ, K. Arya, R. Sharma, A. Loupy, “Facile One Pot Microwave Induced Solvent-Free Synthesis and Antifungal, Antitubercular Screening of Spiro [1,5]-Benzothiazepin2,39[39H]indol-2[19H]-ones”, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin., Vol. 51, No.10, pp. 11371141, 2003.
[7] H. Fujikawa, K. Ohta, “Patterns of bacterial destruction in solutions by microwave ørradiation”, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Vol. 76, pp. 389-394, 1993.
[8] H. Fujikawa, H. Ushioda, Y. Kudo, “Kinetics of Escherichia coli destruction by microwave irradiation”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 58, pp. 920-924, 1992.
[9] S.Gedikli, Ö.Tabak, Ö.Tomsuk, A.Çabuk, “Effect of Microwaves on Some Gram Negative and Gram Positive Bacteria”, Journal of Applied Biological Sciences., Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 67-71, 2008.
[10] S.A. Godblith, D. Wang, “Effect of microwaves on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis”, Applied Microbiology, Vol. 15, pp. 1271-1375, 1967.
[11] R.V. Lechowich , L.R. Beuchat, K.I. Fox, F.H. Webster, “Procedure for Evaluating the Effects of 2,450- Megahertz Microwaves upon Streptococcus faecalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, Applied Microbiology, Vol. 17, pp. 106-110, 1969.
[12] R.A. Heddleson, S. Doores, R.C. Anantheswaran, “Parameters affecting destruction of Salmonella spp. by microwave heating”, Journal of Food Science., Vol. 59, pp. 447–451, 1994.
[13] B.A. Welt, C.H. Tong, J.L. Rossen, D.D. Lund, “Effect of microwave radiation on inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes (PA 3679) spore”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 60, pp. 482-488, 1994.
[14] J.K. Shin, Y.R. Pyun, “Inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum by pulsed-microwave irradiation”, Journal of Food Science, Vol. 62, pp. 163-166, 1997.
[15] J.M. Farber, J.Y.D. Aoust, M. Diotte, A. Sewell, E. Daley, “Survival of Listeria spp. On raw whole chickens in microwave ovens”, Journal of Food Protection., Vol. 61, pp. 1465-1469, 1998.
[17] H. Khalil, R. Villota, “Comparative study on injury and recovery of Staphylococcus aureus using microwave and conventional heating”, Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 51, pp. 181-186, 1988.
[18] S. Banik , S. Bandyopadhyay, S. Ganguly, “Bioeffects of microwave––a brief review”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 87, pp.155–159, 2003.
[19] M.M. Bradford, “A rapid and sensitive method for the quantition of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding”, Analitical Biochemistry, Vol. 72, pp. 24851, 1976.
[20] A.V.Vorst, “RF/Microwave Radiation Protection”, TUTB News Letter., No 21, pp. 12-16, 2003.
[21] G. J. Hyland, “Non-Thermal Bioeffects Induced by Low-Intensity Microwave Irradiation of Living Systems”, Engineering Science and Education Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 261-268, 1998.
[22] S. B. Jasnow, J. L. Smith, “Microwave Sanitization of Color Additives Used in Cosmetics: Feasibility Study”, Applied Microbiology, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 205-211, 1975. [23] S. S. Patel, A. A. Owida, Y. S. Morsi, “Microwave sterilization of bovine pericardium for heart valve applications”, The Japanese Society for Artificial Organs, Vol. 13, pp. 24–30, 2010.
Çelikdemir, M., Gedikli, S., Aytar, P., Çabuk, A., vd. (2011). Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 1-10.
AMA
Çelikdemir M, Gedikli S, Aytar P, Çabuk A, Güngörmedi G. Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. Aralık 2011;24(2):1-10.
Chicago
Çelikdemir, Meltem, Serap Gedikli, Pınar Aytar, Ahmet Çabuk, ve Gökhan Güngörmedi. “Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 24, sy. 2 (Aralık 2011): 1-10.
EndNote
Çelikdemir M, Gedikli S, Aytar P, Çabuk A, Güngörmedi G (01 Aralık 2011) Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 24 2 1–10.
IEEE
M. Çelikdemir, S. Gedikli, P. Aytar, A. Çabuk, ve G. Güngörmedi, “Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi”, ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg, c. 24, sy. 2, ss. 1–10, 2011.
ISNAD
Çelikdemir, Meltem vd. “Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 24/2 (Aralık 2011), 1-10.
JAMA
Çelikdemir M, Gedikli S, Aytar P, Çabuk A, Güngörmedi G. Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2011;24:1–10.
MLA
Çelikdemir, Meltem vd. “Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 2, 2011, ss. 1-10.
Vancouver
Çelikdemir M, Gedikli S, Aytar P, Çabuk A, Güngörmedi G. Mikrodalganın Maya Hücrelerinin Canlılığı Üzerinde Etkisi. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2011;24(2):1-10.