ERGONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DENTAL TREATMENTS TASKS: DISCOMFORT FACTOR IDENTIFICATION AND IMPACT ON BODY REGIONS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 47 - 67, 31.05.2018

Müge Hanefioğlu Orhan Korhan

https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.330846

Öz

Amaç: Diş hekimliği
mesleği, uzun süreli statik kas yüklemesi, yüksek oranda tekrarlanan ve monoton
çalışma, dokuların kuvvetle zorlanması veya mekanik olarak sıkıştırılması ve
titreşimli araçların kullanılmasını içerir. Bu nedenle diş hekimlerinin, maruz
kaldıkları mesleki kas-iskelet rahatsızlıkları (MKİSR) yüzünden maliyetli
sağlık sorunları yaşayarak erken emekli olmaları söz konusudur. Bu çalışmanın
amacı dişhekimlerinin yaşamakta olduğu kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarının
risk faktörlerini tanımlamak ve bölgesel olarak tespit edip, etki derecelerini
incelemektir.

Gereçler: Bu
çalışma kapsamında bir anket hazırlanmış olup, çeşitli üniversitelerin,
hastahanelerin ve diş kliniklerinde görev yapan 67 dişhekimi tarafından
doldurulmuştur. Diş hekimlerinin altı vücut bölgesine en yaygın tedavi
yöntemleri esnasında EMG ölçümleri yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve
MKİSR’nın oluşmasına sebep olan faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla Diskriminant
Analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. EMG deneyinden elde edilen sonuçları ise ANOVA
kullanılarak belirlenen MKİSR faktörleri teyit edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Diş hekimlerinin
tedavi esnasında en sık rastlanan pozisyon statik ve uzun süreli oturma / durma
pozisyonda oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Son 12 ayda yaşanan kas iskelet sistemi
rahatsızlıklarının en çok görülmekte olduğu bölgeler boyun, el/bilek, üst sırt,
ve omuzlar olarak saptanmıştır. Son 7 günde ise en çok dirsek, ayaklar, kalça,
ve bilek/el bölgelerinde rahatsızlık yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuçlar: Diş
hekimlerinin uygulamakta olduğu endodonti, dolgu, diş çekimi, muayene, ve
çıkarılabilir protez tedavilerinin, vücut bölgeleriyle etkileşerek kas-iskelet
sistemi rahatsızlıklarına yol açtığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak, vücut bölgesi diş
çekimi, endodonti ve diş muayenesi esneasında oluşabilecek tek anlamlı risk
faktörü olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kas-iskelet rahatsızlıkları, Diş hekimi, Diş tedavisi, emg

Ergonomic Analysis of Dental Treatments Tasks: Discomfort Factor Identification and Impact on Body Regions

Öz

Objectives: Dentistry
profession involves in prolonged static muscle loads, highly repetitive and
monotonous work, high force exertion or mechanical compression of tissues, and
using vibrated tools. Therefore dentists are exposed to work-related
musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), which results in costly health problems and
early retirements. This research aims to determine the risk factors of
musculoskeletal discomforts among dentists, and to identify the impact of the
dental tasks on the body regions during particular treatments.

Materials
and Methods: A
questionnaire is created and fulfilled by 67 dentists from universities,
hospitals, and dental offices. Electromyography studies were applied on six
body regions of randomly selected three dentists during most common dental
treatments. Discriminant Analysis was applied to determine whether a set of
variables is effective in predicting category membership, and to identify
statistically significant factor(s) which contribute(s) formation of the
WRMSDs. ANOVA was utilized to analyze the results which were obtained from sEMG
experiment and to determine the risk factors of work related musculoskeletal
disorders. 

Results: The most common position
of the dentists while performing their profession was static and prolonged
sitting / standing position. Musculoskeletal discomforts were experienced
during the past 12 months in neck, hand / wrist, upper back, and shoulder
regions; and during the past 7 days in elbows, feet, hip, and wrist / hand
regions.

Conclusions: There is no significant
factor on dental filling therapy, tooth cleaning, fixed prosthodontics, and
removable prosthodontics treatments. However, body region is the only
significant factor on tooth extraction, endodontic and dental examination
treatments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Musculoskeletal discomfort, Dentists, dental task, emg

Kaynakça

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