SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KAMPÜS TASARIMINDA MEKÂNSAL ANALİZİN ROLÜ: İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERKEZ KAMPÜS ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 1832 - 1846, 22.08.2025

Ahmet Salih Günaydın , Ruşena Sürücü Cici , Remziye Yayğın

https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1616143

Öz

Üniversite kampüsleri, sadece akademik faaliyetlerin yürütüldüğü mekânlar değil, aynı zamanda barınma, sosyal etkileşim, kültürel faaliyetler ve çevresel bilinç açısından da önemli kamusal alanlardır. Bu bağlamda sürdürülebilir kampüs tasarımı; erişilebilirlik, okunabilirlik ve mekânsal bütünleşme gibi unsurları dikkate alan çok boyutlu bir planlama yaklaşımını gerektirir. Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir kampüs tasarımı ilkeleri doğrultusunda İnönü Üniversitesi Merkez Kampüsü'nün mekânsal özelliklerinin, 2022 yılında revize edilen master plan ile nasıl değiştiğini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın temel hipotezi, 2022 yılı planlaması ile birlikte kampüsün erişilebilirlik ve okunabilirlik düzeylerinde mekânsal bütünleşme yoluyla anlamlı bir artış yaşandığıdır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak Mekan Dizimi (Space Syntax) analiz tekniği kullanılmış; 2018 yılı hâlihazır durumu ile 2022 yılı master planı karşılaştırılarak bütünleşme (integration), tercih (choice) ve bağlantısallık (connectivity) değerleri üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. DepthmapX yazılımı aracılığıyla üretilen aks haritaları üzerinde yapılan analizlerde, 500 m, 1000 m, 2000 m ve global (Rn) yarıçaplarda erişilebilirlik ve okunabilirlik ölçütleri belirlenmiştir. Son olarak mevcut durum ile yeni mekânsal özellikler karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, 2022 yılı master planında uzun eksenel çizgilerin ağırlık kazandığını, bu durumun bazı yarıçaplarda erişilebilirlik ve okunabilirlik düzeylerinde artış sağladığını göstermektedir. Genel eğilim, kampüsün mekânsal bütünlüğünde ve dolaşım sistemlerinde sürdürülebilirlik açısından olumlu bir gelişim olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak mekânsal organizasyonun gelişimiyle birlikte özellikle yaya hareketliliği, sosyal etkileşim alanlarının erişimi ve alanın bütüncül kullanım potansiyelinde sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sunan değişimler gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma, mekânsal analizlerin sürdürülebilir kampüs tasarımı sürecindeki rolüne açıklık getirerek, planlama kararlarının çevresel, sosyal ve fonksiyonel sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erişilebilirlik , Okunabilirlik , Sürdürülebilir Kampüs tasarımı , Mekan Dizimi , Mekânsal Özellikler

THE ROLE OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS DESIGN: THE CASE OF INONU UNIVERSITY CENTRAL CAMPUS

Öz

University campuses are not merely spaces where academic activities take place, but also significant public environments in terms of accommodation, social interaction, cultural activities, and environmental awareness. In this context, sustainable campus design requires a multidimensional planning approach that takes into account elements such as accessibility, intelligibility, and spatial integration. This study aims to analyze how the spatial characteristics of İnönü University’s Central Campus have changed in line with the principles of sustainable campus design following the revised master plan of 2022. The central hypothesis of the study is that the 2022 planning process has led to a significant improvement in the campus's levels of accessibility and intelligibility through enhanced spatial integration. The methodology employed in this study is the Space Syntax analysis technique. The existing conditions as of 2018 and the 2022 master plan were compared using integration, choice, and connectivity values. Accessibility and intelligibility metrics were determined through axial map analyses generated with DepthmapX software, using radii of 500 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, and a global (Rn) radius. Finally, the current situation and the newly proposed spatial features were compared. The findings indicate that the 2022 master plan places greater emphasis on longer axial lines, which has led to increased levels of accessibility and intelligibility at certain radii. The overall trend reveals a positive development in the spatial coherence and circulation systems of the campus, contributing to sustainability. As spatial organization has improved, changes supporting sustainability have been observed, particularly in pedestrian mobility, access to areas of social interaction, and the holistic utilization potential of the campus environment. This study sheds light on the role of spatial analysis in the sustainable campus design process and highlights the necessity of evaluating planning decisions from environmental, social, and functional sustainability perspectives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Accessibility , intelligibility , Sustainable Campus Design , Space Syntax , Spatial Characteristics

Kaynakça

• Alkymakchy, N. T., Ismaeel, E. H., & Alsoofe, H. H. (2012). A Comparison between Synthetic Space Analysis and Intangible Heritage Investigation in Urban Conservation. International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era, 1(1_suppl), 355-360. https://doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.1.0.355
• Al-Qemaqchi, N., & Abdullah, W. (2017, Mayıs 17). The Effect of Walkability on the Sustainable University Campuses A comparison between the old and new campuses of Sulaimani University. 7th Engineering and 1st International Scientific Conference College of Engineering, University of Baghdad.
• Alshuwaikhat, H. M., & Abubakar, I. (2008). An integrated approach to achieving campus sustainability: Assessment of the current campus environmental management practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(16), 1777-1785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.12.002
• Battistin, F. (2021). Space Syntax and buried cities: The case of the Roman town of Falerii Novi (Italy). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 35, 102712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102712
• Chiaradia, A., Hillier, B., Schwander, C., & Barnes, Y. (2013). Compositional and urban form effects on residential property value patterns in Greater London. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning, 166(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1680/udap.10.00030
• Dalton, R. C., & Dalton, N. S. (2007). Applying Depth Decay Functions to Space Syntax Network Graphs. Applying Depth Decay Functions to Space Syntax Network Graphs. Proceedings of the 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, İstanbul. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1113/1/1113.pdf
• dell’Olio, L., Cordera, R., Ibeas, A., Barreda, R., Alonso, B., & Moura, J. L. (2019). A methodology based on parking policy to promote sustainable mobility in college campuses. Transport Policy, 80, 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.03.012
• El-Darwish, I. I. (2022). Enhancing outdoor campus design by utilizing space syntax theory for social interaction locations. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1), 101524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.06.010
• Faghihi, V., Hessami, A. R., & Ford, D. N. (2015). Sustainable campus improvement program design using energy efficiency and conservation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 400-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.040
• Gehl, J. (2011). Life between buildings: Using Public Space. Island Press. https://playspaces.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Geyl_zhizn_sredi_zdaniy.pdf
• Gil, J. (2015). Examining ‘edge effects’: Sensitivity of spatial network centrality analysis to boundary conditions. 147.1-147.16. http://www.sss10.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/SSS10_Proceedings_147.pdf
• Gunaydin, A. S., & Tascioglu, S. (2021). Investigation of Historical City Centers in Terms of Accessibility: Case of Trabzon Castle, Turkey. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 147(4), 05021036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000729
• Günaydın, A., & Altunkasa, M. (2019). Tarihî kent merkezlerinin koruma ve geliştirme stratejilerinin belirlenmesi: Gaziantep örneği. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9, 51-70. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.533414
• Günaydın, A. S., & Altunkasa, M. F. (2021). Developing the socio-spatial integration of historical city centers with spatial strategies: The case of Gaziantep. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01774-6
• Günaydın, A. S., & Selçuk, E. B. (2024). How urban growth influences the spatial characteristics of cities: Empirical research in Malatya/Türkiye based on space syntax. GeoJournal, 89(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-024-11080-z
• Gündoğdu, M. (2014). MEKAN DİZİMİ ANALİZ YÖNTEMİ VE ARAŞTIRMA KONULARI (SPACE SYNTAX AND RESEARCHING ISSUES). Art-Sanat, 2, Article 2.
• Hasan, N., Hijazi, I., Enab, D., Qanazi, S., Shahrour, I., Al-Qadi, H., & Qamhieh, K. (2024). Influence of Campus Outdoor Spaces on Students Behavior: Enhancing Social Interaction and Learning at An-Najah University. An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences), 39(2), None-None. https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.39.2.2335
• Hillier, B. (1999). The Hidden Geometry of Deformed Grids: Or, Why Space Syntax Works, When it Looks as Though it Shouldn’t. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 26(2), 169-191. https://doi.org/10.1068/b4125
• Hillier, B. (2001, Mayıs). A theory of the city as object: Or, how spatial laws mediate the social construction of urban space. 3rd International Space Syntax Symposium. http://undertow.arch.gatech.edu/homepages/3sss/
• Hillier, B., Burdett, R., Peponis, J., & Penn, A. (1987). Creating Life: Or, Does Architecture Determine Anything? Arch. 8 Comport./Arch. Behav., 3(3), 233-250.
• Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597237
• Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1997). The Reasoning Art: Or, The Need for an Analytical Theory of Architecture. 01.1-01.5. http://www.spacesyntax.net/symposia-archive/SSS1/SpSx%201st%20Symposium%2097%20-2003%20pdf/1st%20Symposium%20Vol%20I%20pdf/2%20-%20Space%20Syntax%20today/01-Hillier%20%26%20Hanson%20300.pdf
• Hillier, B., & Lida, S. (2005). Network effects and psychological effects: A theory of urban movement. Network effects and psychological effects: a theory of urban movement, 1, 553-564.
• Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajewski, T., & Xu, J. (1993). Natural movement: Or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20(1), 29-66. https://doi.org/10.1068/b200029
• Jiang, Q., & Kurnitski, J. (2023). Performance based core sustainability metrics for university campuses developing towards climate neutrality: A robust PICSOU framework. Sustainable Cities and Society, 97, 104723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104723
• Kalawi, D. (2021). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesinde bulanık çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri kullanarak sürdürülebilir kampüs modeli tasarımı [masterThesis, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü]. http://acikerisim.gelisim.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11363/3042
• Kemeç, S., KARAHAN, E. K., & Yelda, M. (2019). Van Kenti Acil Sağlık Birimlerinin Mekansal Erişilebilirlik Durum Analizi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(1), 22-32.
• Köseoğlu, E., & Erinsel Önder, D. (2010). Mekânsal okunabilirlik kavramının çözümlenmesi. Yapı dergisi, 343.
• Lauder, A., Sari, R. F., Suwartha, N., & Tjahjono, G. (2015). Critical review of a global campus sustainability ranking: GreenMetric. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 852-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.080
• Malek, S. (2015). Mekansal Bilişim: Mekan Dizim Yönteminin Beyazit, Istanbul Kapsamında Uygulanması [Yüksek Lisans, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi]. http://hdl.handle.net/11527/15261
• Marcus, C. C., & Francis, C. (1997). People Places: Design Guidlines for Urban Open Space. John Wiley & Sons.
• Mehta, V. (2014). Evaluating Public Space. Journal of Urban Design, 19(1), 53-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2013.854698
• Navastara, A. M., Yusuf, M., & Navitas, P. (2018). Application of space syntax method to measure spatial connectivity in campus of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 202(1), 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/202/1/012015
• Park, H.-T. (2009). Boundary effects on the intelligibility and predictability of spatial systems. Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium, 86.
• Pedro, E. D. M., Leitão, J., & Alves, H. (2023). Students’ satisfaction and empowerment of a sustainable university campus. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 27(1), 1175-1198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03903-9
• Peponis, J., Bafna, S., & Zhang, Z. (2008). The connectivity of streets: Reach and directional distance. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 35(5), 881-901. https://doi.org/10.1068/b33088
• Peponis, J., Dalton, R. C., Wineman, J., & Dalton, N. (2004). Measuring the Effects of Layout upon Visitors’ Spatial Behaviors in Open Plan Exhibition Settings. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(3), 453-473. https://doi.org/10.1068/b3041
• Prasad, R., Tandon, R., Verma, A., Sharma, M., & Ajmera, N. (2022). Jaali a tool of sustainable architectural practice: Understanding the feasibility and usage. Materials Today: Proceedings, 60, 513-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.424
• Sisson, S. B., McClain ,James J., & and Tudor-Locke, C. (2008). Campus Walkability, Pedometer-Determined Steps, and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity: A Comparison of 2 University Campuses. Journal of American College Health, 56(5), 585-592. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.5.585-592
• Turner, A. (2004). Depthmap 4—A Researcher’s Handbook. Bartlett School of Graduate Studies. http://www.vr.ucl.ac.uk/depthmap/depthmap4.pdf
• Turner, A. (2007). From Axial to Road-Centre Lines: A New Representation for Space Syntax and a New Model of Route Choice for Transport Network Analysis. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 34(3), 539-555. https://doi.org/10.1068/b32067
• UNIVERSITY, I. (t.y.). İnönü Üniversitesi Tarihçesi. İnönü Üniversitesi. Geliş tarihi 15 Ocak 2025, gönderen https://www.inonu.edu.tr/menu/125/tarihce
• Whyte, W. H. (1980). The social life of small urban spaces. https://www.academia.edu/download/55908872/thesociallifeofsmallurbanspacesmohddanish-150407042346-conversion-gate01.pdf
• Yang, T., & Hillier, B. (2007). The Fuzzy Boundary: The Spatial Definition of Urban Areas. 091.01-091.16. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4110
• Yılmaz, S. (2015). Bir Kampüs Açık Mekanın Çevresel Tasarımı: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Binası. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.17475/kuofd.87088