Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Depression Sensitivity in Married Couples: Actor–Partner Interdependence Model

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 1591 - 1604, 30.12.2025

Öz

Individuals who experienced psychological maltreatment as children may be more sensitive to depression. These individuals may experience the repercussions of their early life experiences in their marriages as well as on an individual basis. The current study uses a dyadic approach based on the actor-partner interdependence model to investigate the relationship between psychological maltreatment and depression sensitivity in married couples. There were 246 (N = 492) married couples in the study. According to the analysis's findings, both men and women exhibit a significant relationship between psychological maltreatment and sensitivity to depression. The degree of psychological abuse experienced by men and women was found to positively predict each other's depression sensitivity within the context of partner effects. To safeguard both individual mental health and family structure, it is advised that intervention studies aimed at married couples concentrate on psychological maltreatment.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, G. (2015). Psikolojik İstismar Ölçeği (PİÖ) geliştirme çalışması: Ergenlerde psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(2), 727–738. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.v4i2.5000146983
  • Arslan, G. (2017). Psychological maltreatment, coping strategies, and mental health problems: A brief and effective measure of psychological maltreatment in adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 68, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.023
  • Beck, A. T. (2008). The evolution of the cognitive model of depression and its neurobiological correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(8), 969–977. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050721
  • Bırni, G., Satıcı, S. A., & Deniz, M. E. (2023). Self-criticism and romantic relationship satisfaction as serial mediators of links between childhood psychological maltreatment and loneliness. Child Abuse & Neglect, 139, 106112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106112
  • Bodenmann, G., Randall, A. K., & Falconier, M. K. (2016). Coping in couples: The systemic transactional model (STM). In Couples coping with stress (pp. 5–22). Routledge.
  • Capron, D. W., Allan, N. P., & Schmidt, N. B. (2021). The Depression Sensitivity Index: Initial development and tests of convergent and construct validity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 287, 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.051
  • Chen, J. H., Waite, L. J., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2015). Marriage, relationship quality, and sleep among US older adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 56(3), 356–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146515594631
  • Çıtak, Ş., Taş, H. İ., & Karaman, O. (2024). Depresyon Duyarlılık İndeksinin Türkçe uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(2), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1395450
  • Dalton, E. J., Greenman, P. S., Classen, C. C., & Johnson, S. M. (2013). Nurturing connections in the aftermath of childhood trauma: A randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused couple therapy for female survivors of childhood abuse. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 2(3), 209–221. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032772
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2023, 31 Mart). Depresif bozukluk (depresyon). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
  • Erdinç, B., Deniz, M. E., Dindaroğlu, E., Satıcı, S. A., & Akyıl, Y. (2025). Psychological maltreatment and well-being in parent–child relationships: A dyadic longitudinal study. Psychiatric Quarterly, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-025-10202-1
  • Fitzgerald, M., & Morgan, A. A. (2023). Marital quality and depression as mediators linking childhood maltreatment to adult physical health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 141, 106189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106189
  • Gilmour, A. L., Whisman, M. A., & Whitton, S. W. (2022). A dyadic analysis of relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms among same-sex couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 36(3), 372–377. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000912
  • Goff, B. S. N., & Smith, D. B. (2005). Systemic traumatic stress: The couple adaptation to traumatic stress model. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01552.x
  • Gruhn, M. A., & Compas, B. E. (2020). Effects of maltreatment on coping and emotion regulation in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 103, 104446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104446
  • Hibbard, R., Barlow, J., & MacMillan, H. (2012). Psychological maltreatment. Pediatrics, 130(2), 372–378. http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2012-1552
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Birmingham, W., & Jones, B. Q. (2008). Is there something unique about marriage? The relative impact of marital status, relationship quality, and network social support on ambulatory blood pressure and mental health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35(2), 239–244.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Infurna, M. R., Reichl, C., Parzer, P., Schimmenti, A., Bifulco, A., & Kaess, M. (2016). Associations between depression and specific childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.006
  • İme, Y., Akyıl, Y., & Çağlar, A. (2025). The link between psychological maltreatment and resilience: Self-compassion as a mediator. Psychological Reports, 00332941251351236. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941251351236
  • Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2020). Dyadic data analysis. Guilford Publications.
  • Kim, Y., Lee, H., & Park, A. (2022). Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms: Self-esteem as a mediating mechanism. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02129-2
  • Lippard, E. T., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2023). The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: Increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 180(8), 548–564. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.19010020
  • Mackinnon, S. P., Sherry, S. B., Antony, M. M., Stewart, S. H., Sherry, D. L., & Hartling, N. (2012). Caught in a bad romance: Perfectionism, conflict, and depression in romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(2), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027402
  • McKay, M. T., Cannon, M., Chambers, D., Conroy, R. M., Coughlan, H., Dodd, P., … Clarke, M. C. (2021). Childhood trauma and adult mental disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 143(3), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13268
  • Mernitz, S. E., & Kamp, C. D. (2016). Emotional health across the transition to first and second unions among emerging adults. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(2), 233–244.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2012). Depression. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml
  • Nelson, B. S., & Wampler, K. S. (2000). Systemic effects of trauma in clinic couples: An exploratory study of secondary trauma resulting from childhood abuse. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 26(2), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2000.tb00287.x
  • Nelson, J., Klumparendt, A., Doebler, P., & Ehring, T. (2017). Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: Meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(2), 96–104.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569–582.
  • Peterson, C. M., Peugh, J., Loucks, L., & Shaffer, A. (2018). Emotional maltreatment in family of origin and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction: A dyadic data analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(6), 872–888. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517700300
  • Reis, H. T., & Judd, C. M. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 330. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.330
  • Shahab, M. K., de Ridder, J. A., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., Mook-Kanamori, D. O., & Elzinga, B. M. (2021). A tangled start: The link between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and relationships in adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 121, 105228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105228
  • Spinhoven, P., Elzinga, B. M., Van Hemert, A. M., de Rooij, M., & Penninx, B. W. (2016). Childhood maltreatment, maladaptive personality types and level and course of psychological distress: A six-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 191, 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.036
  • Su, Y., D'Arcy, C., Yuan, S., & Meng, X. (2019). How does childhood maltreatment influence ensuing cognitive functioning among people with the exposure of childhood maltreatment? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 252, 278–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.026
  • Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., Bussières, È. L., Nolin, M. C., & Daspe, M. È. (2024). Partner effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 25(2), 1150–1167. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380231173427
  • Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., Byers, E. S., Péloquin, K., & Bergeron, S. (2021). A dyadic longitudinal study of child maltreatment and sexual well-being in adult couples: The buffering effect of a satisfying relationship. The Journal of Sex Research, 58(2), 248–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1792396
  • World Health Organization. (2005). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43286
  • World Health Organization. (2024, November 5). Child maltreatment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment
  • Xiao, Z., Murat Baldwin, M., Wong, S. C., Obsuth, I., Meinck, F., & Murray, A. L. (2023). The impact of childhood psychological maltreatment on mental health outcomes in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(5), 3049–3064. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221122816

Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 1591 - 1604, 30.12.2025

Öz

Çocukluk döneminde psikolojik istismar görmüş olan bireyler depresyona daha duyarlı olabilirler. Bu kişiler erken dönem yaşantılarından edindikleri deneyimlerin etkisini yalnızca bireysel düzeyde değil, aynı zamanda evliliklerinde de hissedebilirler. Mevcut araştırmanın amacı evli çiftlerde psikolojik kötü muamelenin depresyon duyarlılığı ile ilişkisini aktör-partner karşılıklı bağımlılık modeli kullanılarak ikili (dyadic) bir yaklaşımla incelemektir. Araştırmaya 246 (N = 492) evli çift katılım sağlamıştır. Analiz sonuçlarında psikolojik kötü muamele ve depresyon duyarlılığı arasındaki ilişki kadınlar ve erkekler için anlamlıdır. Partner etkileri kapsamında ise hem kadınların hem de erkeklerin psikolojik kötü muamele düzeylerinin birbirlerinin depresyon duyarlılığını pozitif yönde yordamakta olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Dolayısıyla evli çiftlere bireysel ruh sağlığı ve aile yapısının korunması açısından yapılacak olan müdahale çalışmalarında psikolojik kötü muameleye odaklanılması önerimektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, G. (2015). Psikolojik İstismar Ölçeği (PİÖ) geliştirme çalışması: Ergenlerde psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(2), 727–738. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.v4i2.5000146983
  • Arslan, G. (2017). Psychological maltreatment, coping strategies, and mental health problems: A brief and effective measure of psychological maltreatment in adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 68, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.023
  • Beck, A. T. (2008). The evolution of the cognitive model of depression and its neurobiological correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(8), 969–977. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050721
  • Bırni, G., Satıcı, S. A., & Deniz, M. E. (2023). Self-criticism and romantic relationship satisfaction as serial mediators of links between childhood psychological maltreatment and loneliness. Child Abuse & Neglect, 139, 106112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106112
  • Bodenmann, G., Randall, A. K., & Falconier, M. K. (2016). Coping in couples: The systemic transactional model (STM). In Couples coping with stress (pp. 5–22). Routledge.
  • Capron, D. W., Allan, N. P., & Schmidt, N. B. (2021). The Depression Sensitivity Index: Initial development and tests of convergent and construct validity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 287, 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.051
  • Chen, J. H., Waite, L. J., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2015). Marriage, relationship quality, and sleep among US older adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 56(3), 356–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146515594631
  • Çıtak, Ş., Taş, H. İ., & Karaman, O. (2024). Depresyon Duyarlılık İndeksinin Türkçe uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(2), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1395450
  • Dalton, E. J., Greenman, P. S., Classen, C. C., & Johnson, S. M. (2013). Nurturing connections in the aftermath of childhood trauma: A randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused couple therapy for female survivors of childhood abuse. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 2(3), 209–221. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032772
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2023, 31 Mart). Depresif bozukluk (depresyon). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
  • Erdinç, B., Deniz, M. E., Dindaroğlu, E., Satıcı, S. A., & Akyıl, Y. (2025). Psychological maltreatment and well-being in parent–child relationships: A dyadic longitudinal study. Psychiatric Quarterly, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-025-10202-1
  • Fitzgerald, M., & Morgan, A. A. (2023). Marital quality and depression as mediators linking childhood maltreatment to adult physical health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 141, 106189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106189
  • Gilmour, A. L., Whisman, M. A., & Whitton, S. W. (2022). A dyadic analysis of relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms among same-sex couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 36(3), 372–377. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000912
  • Goff, B. S. N., & Smith, D. B. (2005). Systemic traumatic stress: The couple adaptation to traumatic stress model. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01552.x
  • Gruhn, M. A., & Compas, B. E. (2020). Effects of maltreatment on coping and emotion regulation in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 103, 104446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104446
  • Hibbard, R., Barlow, J., & MacMillan, H. (2012). Psychological maltreatment. Pediatrics, 130(2), 372–378. http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2012-1552
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Birmingham, W., & Jones, B. Q. (2008). Is there something unique about marriage? The relative impact of marital status, relationship quality, and network social support on ambulatory blood pressure and mental health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 35(2), 239–244.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Infurna, M. R., Reichl, C., Parzer, P., Schimmenti, A., Bifulco, A., & Kaess, M. (2016). Associations between depression and specific childhood experiences of abuse and neglect: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.006
  • İme, Y., Akyıl, Y., & Çağlar, A. (2025). The link between psychological maltreatment and resilience: Self-compassion as a mediator. Psychological Reports, 00332941251351236. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941251351236
  • Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2020). Dyadic data analysis. Guilford Publications.
  • Kim, Y., Lee, H., & Park, A. (2022). Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms: Self-esteem as a mediating mechanism. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02129-2
  • Lippard, E. T., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2023). The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: Increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 180(8), 548–564. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.19010020
  • Mackinnon, S. P., Sherry, S. B., Antony, M. M., Stewart, S. H., Sherry, D. L., & Hartling, N. (2012). Caught in a bad romance: Perfectionism, conflict, and depression in romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(2), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027402
  • McKay, M. T., Cannon, M., Chambers, D., Conroy, R. M., Coughlan, H., Dodd, P., … Clarke, M. C. (2021). Childhood trauma and adult mental disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 143(3), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13268
  • Mernitz, S. E., & Kamp, C. D. (2016). Emotional health across the transition to first and second unions among emerging adults. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(2), 233–244.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2012). Depression. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml
  • Nelson, B. S., & Wampler, K. S. (2000). Systemic effects of trauma in clinic couples: An exploratory study of secondary trauma resulting from childhood abuse. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 26(2), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2000.tb00287.x
  • Nelson, J., Klumparendt, A., Doebler, P., & Ehring, T. (2017). Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: Meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(2), 96–104.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569–582.
  • Peterson, C. M., Peugh, J., Loucks, L., & Shaffer, A. (2018). Emotional maltreatment in family of origin and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction: A dyadic data analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(6), 872–888. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517700300
  • Reis, H. T., & Judd, C. M. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002). Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 330. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.330
  • Shahab, M. K., de Ridder, J. A., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., Mook-Kanamori, D. O., & Elzinga, B. M. (2021). A tangled start: The link between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and relationships in adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 121, 105228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105228
  • Spinhoven, P., Elzinga, B. M., Van Hemert, A. M., de Rooij, M., & Penninx, B. W. (2016). Childhood maltreatment, maladaptive personality types and level and course of psychological distress: A six-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 191, 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.036
  • Su, Y., D'Arcy, C., Yuan, S., & Meng, X. (2019). How does childhood maltreatment influence ensuing cognitive functioning among people with the exposure of childhood maltreatment? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 252, 278–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.026
  • Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., Bussières, È. L., Nolin, M. C., & Daspe, M. È. (2024). Partner effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 25(2), 1150–1167. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380231173427
  • Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., Byers, E. S., Péloquin, K., & Bergeron, S. (2021). A dyadic longitudinal study of child maltreatment and sexual well-being in adult couples: The buffering effect of a satisfying relationship. The Journal of Sex Research, 58(2), 248–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1792396
  • World Health Organization. (2005). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43286
  • World Health Organization. (2024, November 5). Child maltreatment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment
  • Xiao, Z., Murat Baldwin, M., Wong, S. C., Obsuth, I., Meinck, F., & Murray, A. L. (2023). The impact of childhood psychological maltreatment on mental health outcomes in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(5), 3049–3064. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221122816
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal ve Kişilik Psikolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Beste Erdinç 0009-0006-4795-1593

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 3 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 26 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdinç, B. (2025). Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(Özel Sayı), 1591-1604.
AMA Erdinç B. Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Aralık 2025;26(Özel Sayı):1591-1604.
Chicago Erdinç, Beste. “Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26, sy. Özel Sayı (Aralık 2025): 1591-1604.
EndNote Erdinç B (01 Aralık 2025) Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26 Özel Sayı 1591–1604.
IEEE B. Erdinç, “Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 26, sy. Özel Sayı, ss. 1591–1604, 2025.
ISNAD Erdinç, Beste. “Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26/Özel Sayı (Aralık2025), 1591-1604.
JAMA Erdinç B. Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;26:1591–1604.
MLA Erdinç, Beste. “Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 26, sy. Özel Sayı, 2025, ss. 1591-04.
Vancouver Erdinç B. Evli Çiftlerde Çocukluk Çağı Psikolojik Kötü Muamele ve Depresyon Duyarlılığı: Aktör-Partner Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Modeli. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;26(Özel Sayı):1591-604.