Türkiye’de Güncel Dar ve Daraltılmış Bölge Bağlamında Seçim Sistemi Tartışmaları

Election systems applied in parallel to transition to a constitutional system in Turkey has about one hundred and fifty years of tradition. In this framework, election systems were applied in accordance with the spirit of the period. While in the tradition of multi-party life, stability in the administration was aimed first with the majority system, with the 1961 Constitution, a balance was tried to be established between the proportional representation system and the principles of justice in representation and administration stability. Subsequently, the 1982 Constitution was based on the provision "Election laws are regulated in a way to reconcile the principles of justice in representation and stability in administration". On the other hand, there have been attempts to balance the principles of justice in representation and stability in administration as much as possible by making certain concessions. The basis of these searches is that with the 10% national threshold, the residual votes spread across the country from the electoral districts are not reflected in the parliament. The country threshold also causes voters of small parties to turn to secondary preferences in their political preferences. fair representation instead of the 10% national threshold in Turkey debates preceded the governability of system changes are made while the government with a constitutional amendment on April 16, 2017 and are determined by the executive and legislative elections to be held simultaneously. In this context, the need to form the legislature and the executive with the same political tendency in order to prevent the system lock-up has brought the discussions of Single-Member District and Narrow-District System to the agenda. However, there are debates on the basis of how much these systems observe the principles of justice in representation and stability in administration. In this study, current Single-Member District and Narrow-District System discussions will be included.

Türkiye’de Anayasal sisteme geçişe koşut olarak uygulanagelen seçim sistemleri yaklaşık yüzelli yıllık bir geleneğe sahiptir. 16 Nisan 2017’de yapılan hükümet sistemi değişikliği ile yasama ve yürütme eş anlı yapılacak seçimlerle belirlenmektedir. Bu kapsamda sistem kilitlenmesinin önüne geçmek için aynı siyasal eğilimde yasama ve yürütmenin teşekkül etme ihtiyacı dar bölge ve daraltılmış bölge tartışmalarını gündeme getirmiştir. Ancak söz konusu sistemlerin temsilde adalet ve yönetimde istikrar ilkelerini ne kadar gözettiği temelinde tartışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada güncel olarak dar bölge ve daraltılmış bölge tartışmalarına yer verilecektir.