Suç Korkusunun Sosyolojik Belirleyenleri: Sosyal Sermaye mi? Sosyal Kontrol mü?

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 1 - 19, 01.03.2013

Önder Karakuş

Öz

Bu araştırmada, İstanbul’da 60 farklı mahallede ikamet eden ve
küme örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 1800 katılımcı arasında
suç korkusunun sosyolojik belirleyenleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan iki
ve çok değişkenli analizler, suç korkusunun erkeklere kıyasla
kadınlarda, yaşlılara oranla gençlerde ve son beş yıl içerisinde
herhangi bir suçtan mağdur olanlarda daha yüksek olduğunu
göstermektedir. Sosyolojik faktörlerden sosyal sermaye arttıkça
bireylerin suç korkusu azalırken; beklenmedik bir şekilde, sosyal
kontrol arttıkça suç korkusu da artmaktadır. Mahallede
algılanan fiziki ve sosyal düzensizlik de suç korkusunu arttırmaktadır.
Türk toplumunda sosyal sermaye ve sosyal kontrol
mekanizmaları arasındaki ilişkilerin Batı ülkeleri ile benzer ve
farklı yönlerinin de incelendiği araştırma sonucunda, Türkiye’de
suç korkusunun azaltılması, sosyal organizasyon ve sosyal
kontrolün arttırılmasına yönelik politika uygulamaları ve ileride
yapılacak çalışmalara yönelik öneriler de sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suç Korkusu, Sosyal Sermaye, Sosyal Kontrol, Enformel Kontrol, Formel Kontrol

Sociological Predictors of Fear of Crime: Is It Social Capital or Social Control?

Öz

Sociological predictors of fear of crime among a clustered sample of 1800 participants residing in 60 different neighborhoods in İstanbul have been examined in this study. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate that women, elderly and those who have been victimized in the last five years have higher rates of fear than males, younger people and those who were not victimized in the last five years respectively. Among sociological factors, while social capital decreases individuals’ fear of crime; unexpectedly, social control increases fear of crime. Perceived physical and social disorder in the neighborhood, on the other hand, increases fear of crime. Based on a comparative investigation of the relationships among fear, social capital, and social control with Western countries, this study also presents policy implications and suggestions for future studies aimed at decreasing fear of crime and increasing social organization and social control in Turkish society. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fear of Crime, Social Capital, Social Control, Informal Control, Formal Control

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