Araştırma Makalesi
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Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 306 - 321, 01.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1393226

Öz

Dedikoduya yönelik değerlendirmelerin insan yaşamında nasıl gelişim gösterdiğini anlamak çocukların sosyal dünyasına ışık tutması açısından önemlidir. Ancak çocukların dedikoduyu ne düzeyde algılayabildikleri araştırmalarda yeteri kadar ele alınmayan konulardandır. Bu nedenle mevcut araştırmada çocukların olumlu, olumsuz ve nötr içerikli dedikoduları ayırt edip edemedikleri ve bu konuda gelişimsel farklılıklar olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmaya 5-8 yaşları arasında 142 çocuk dâhil edilmiştir. Çocuklara her biri 5 sahneden oluşan “olumlu”, “olumsuz” ve “nötr” içerikli dedikodu senaryoları anlatılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda çocukların olumlu dedikodu yapılan senaryodaki karakterlere olumlu özellikleri anlamlı olarak daha fazla atfettikleri, bunu sırasıyla nötr ve olumsuz dedikodu yapan senaryoların karakterlerinin takip ettiği bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar çocukların dedikodu fenomenini tek bir boyutta değerlendirmedikleri, dedikodu içeriğinin olumlu/olumsuz olmasının dedikoduya yönelik muhakemelerde etkili olduğu şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma (12/09/2023 tarih ve 2023/56 sayılı Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Bilimsel Etik Değerlendirme Kurulu Onayı ile) bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır. Katılımcı çocuklar ve ebeveynlerinden onamları alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Görsellerin hazırlanması, ses kayıtlarının görsellere yerleştirilmesindeki desteği için Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Psikoloji Bölümü öğrencisi Melek Erdoğan’a teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

Kaynakça

  • Abrahams, R. D. (1970). A performance-centered approach to gossip. Man, 5, 290-300.
  • Aydın, M. Ş. (2021). 29-72 aylık çocukların olumsuz ve prososyal yalan söyleme davranışlarının incelenmesi. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 92-108.
  • Baumeister, F., Zhang, L., & Vohs, D. (2004). Gossip as cultural learning. Review of General Psychology, 8, 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.111
  • Bloom, P. (2013). Bebeklerin ahlaki yaşamı: İyinin ve kötünün kökenleri (E. Kardelen, Çev.). Panama Yayıncılık. Boehm, C. (2012). Moral origins: The evolution of virtue, altruism, and shame. Basic Books.
  • Brondino, N., Fusar-Poli, L., & Politi, P. (2017). Something to talk about: Gossip increases oxytocin levels in a near real-life situation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 77, 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.014
  • Caivano, O., Leduc, K., & Talwar, V. (2020). When is gossiping wrong? The influence of valence and relationships on children’s moral evaluations of gossip. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 38(2), 219-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12319
  • Chen, E. E., Ng, C. T. Z., Corriveau, K. H., Yang, B. & Harris, P. L. (2020). Talking about personality: Evidence for attributions to self and others in early childhood. Journal of Cognition and Development, 21, 191–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2019.1709466
  • Cole, J. M., & Scrivener, H. (2013). Short-term effects of gossip behavior on self-esteem. Current Psychology, 32(3), 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-013-9176-3
  • Dunbar, R. (2004). Gossip in evolutionary perspective. Review of General Psychology, 8, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100
  • Dunbar, R., Marriott, A., & Duncan, C. (1997). Human conversational behavior. Human Nature, 8, 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912493
  • Eder, D., & Enke, J. L. (1991). The structure of gossip: Opportunities and constraints on collective expression among adolescents. American Sociological Review, 56, 494-508.
  • Engelmann, J., Herrmann, E., & Tomasello, M. (2016). Preschoolers affect others' reputations through prosocial gossip. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34, 447-460. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12143
  • Engelmann, J. M., & Rapp, D. J. (2018). The influence of reputational concerns on children's prosociality. Current Opinion in Psychology, 20, 92–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.024
  • Feinberg, M., Willer, R., Stellar, J., & Keltner, D. (2012). The virtues of gossip: Reputational information sharing as prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 1015–1030. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026650
  • Friend, M., & Davis, T. L. (1993). Appearance-reality distinction: Children’s understanding of the physical and affective domains. Developmental Psychology, 29, 907-914.
  • Gabriels, K., & De Backer, C. J. (2016). Virtual gossip: How gossip regulates moral life in virtual worlds. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 683-693.
  • Gawronski, B., & Walther, E. (2008). The TAR effect: When the ones who dislike becomes the ones who are disliked. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1276–1289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208318952
  • Gottman, J. M., & Graziano, W. G. (1983). How children become friends. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 48(2), 1-86.
  • Guzley, R. M. (1992). Organizational climate and communication climate: Predictors of commitment to the organization. Management Communication Quarterly, 5(4), 379-402.
  • Haux, L., Engelmann, J., Hermann, E., & Tomasello, M. (2017). Do young children preferentially trust gossip or firsthand observation in choosing a collaborative partner? Social Development, 26, 466–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12225
  • Hetheringon, E. M., & Parke, R. D. (1993). Child psychology: A contemporary view point (4th ed.). New York: Monotype Composition Company.
  • Hill, V., & Pillow, B. H. (2006). Children's understanding of reputations. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 167(2), 137-157.
  • Kim, S., Harris, P. L. & Warneken, F. (2014). Is it okay to tell? Children's judgements about information disclosure. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 32, 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12040
  • Kuttler, A., Parker, J., & La Greca, A. (2002). Developmental and gender differences in preadolescents' judgments of the veracity of gossip. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48, 105–132. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2002.0008
  • McDonald, L., Putallaz, M., Grimes, L., Kupersmidt, B., & Coie, D. (2007). Girl talk: Gossip, friendship, and sociometric status. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53, 381-411. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2007.0017
  • McGuigan, N., & Cubillo, M. (2013). Information transmission in young children: When social information is more important than nonsocial information. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 174(6), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2012.749833
  • Obradović, J., van Dulmen, M. H., Yates, T. M., Carlson, E. A., & Egeland, B. (2006). Developmental assessment of competence from early childhood to middle adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), 857-889.
  • Parker, J. G., & Gottman, J. M. (1989). Social and emotional development in a relational context: Friendship interaction from early childhood to adolescence. In T. J. Berndt & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Peer relationships in child development (pp. 95–131). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Parker, J., & Seal, J. (1996). Forming, losing, renewing, and replacing friendships: Applying temporal parameters to the assessment of children's friendship experiences. Child Development, 67, 2248–2268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01855.x
  • Perner, J., & Lang, B. (1999). Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(9), 337-344.
  • Rotenberg, Κ. J., Simourd, L„ & Moore, D. (1989). Children’s use of a verbal non-verbal consistency principle to infer truth and lying. Child Development, 60, 309-322.
  • Ruggiero, A., Parolin, E., & Ma, L. (2020). The impact of gossip valence on children’s attitudes towards gossipers. Infant and Child Development, 29(4), e2180. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2180
  • Schnake, M. E. (1990). Human relations. Ohio: Merrill Publishing Company.
  • Schwartz, S. H., Verkasalo, M., Antonovsky, A., & Sagiv, L. (1997). Value priorities and social desirability: Much substance, some style. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36(1), 3-18.
  • Sevindik, A. (2021). Türk mizah ekolojisi. Ötüken Neşriyat.
  • Shinohara, A., Kanakogi, Y., Okumura, Y., & Kobayashi, T. (2021). How do children evaluate the gossiper of negative gossip?. Japanese Psychological Research, 63(2), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12279
  • Shinohara, A., & Kobayashi, T. (2022). Children’s understanding of friendship formation caused by gossip. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 217, 105370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105370
  • Sommerfeld, R., Krambeck, H., Semmann, D., & Millinski, M. (2007). Gossip as an alternative for direct observation in games of indirect reciprocity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 17435–17440. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704598104
  • Şantaş, G., Akbolat, M., & Sağlam, H. (2019). Sağlık çalışanlarında örgütsel affetme, örgütsel dedikodu ve intikam niyeti arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 36, 131-148.
  • Tang, Y., Zhang, Z., & Harris, P. L. (2023). Does first‐hand evidence undermine young children's initial trust in positive gossip? Evidence from 5‐to 6‐year‐old children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 41, 358-370. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12457
  • Tomasello, M., & Vaish, A. (2013). Origins of human cooperation and morality. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 231–255.
  • Turner, M. M., Mazur, M. A., Wendel, N., & Winslow, R. (2003). Relational ruin or social glue? The joint effect of relationship type and gossip valence on liking, trust, and expertise. Communication Monographs, 70(2), 129-141.
  • Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2009). The roots of human altruism. British Journal of Psychology, 100(3), 455-471.
  • Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). Meta‐analysis of theory‐of‐mind development: The truth about false belief. Child Development, 72(3), 655-684.
  • Wu, J., Balliet, D., & Van Lange, P. A. (2016). Reputation, gossip, and human cooperation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10, 350–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12255

Can Children Distinguish between Positive, Negative and Neutral-Valued Gossip?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 306 - 321, 01.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1393226

Öz

Understanding how evaluations of gossip develop in human life is important in terms of shedding light on the social world of children. However, the extent to which children can evaluate gossip is one of the issues that is not adequately addressed in research. Therefore, in the current study, it was examined whether children can distinguish positive, negative and neutral-valued gossip and whether there are developmental differences in this regard. Accordingly, 142 children aged between 5 to 8 year-old were participated. Children were told gossip scenarios with “positive”, “negative” and “neutral” content, each consisting of 5 scenes. As a result of the analysis, it was found that children attributed significantly more positive characteristics to the protagonists in the positive gossip scenario, followed by the protagonists of the neutral and negative gossip scenarios, respectively. The results were interpreted as indicating that children did not evaluate the gossip phenomenon in a single dimension, and that the positive/negative nature of the gossip content was effective in their judgments about gossip.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Abrahams, R. D. (1970). A performance-centered approach to gossip. Man, 5, 290-300.
  • Aydın, M. Ş. (2021). 29-72 aylık çocukların olumsuz ve prososyal yalan söyleme davranışlarının incelenmesi. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 92-108.
  • Baumeister, F., Zhang, L., & Vohs, D. (2004). Gossip as cultural learning. Review of General Psychology, 8, 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.111
  • Bloom, P. (2013). Bebeklerin ahlaki yaşamı: İyinin ve kötünün kökenleri (E. Kardelen, Çev.). Panama Yayıncılık. Boehm, C. (2012). Moral origins: The evolution of virtue, altruism, and shame. Basic Books.
  • Brondino, N., Fusar-Poli, L., & Politi, P. (2017). Something to talk about: Gossip increases oxytocin levels in a near real-life situation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 77, 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.014
  • Caivano, O., Leduc, K., & Talwar, V. (2020). When is gossiping wrong? The influence of valence and relationships on children’s moral evaluations of gossip. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 38(2), 219-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12319
  • Chen, E. E., Ng, C. T. Z., Corriveau, K. H., Yang, B. & Harris, P. L. (2020). Talking about personality: Evidence for attributions to self and others in early childhood. Journal of Cognition and Development, 21, 191–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2019.1709466
  • Cole, J. M., & Scrivener, H. (2013). Short-term effects of gossip behavior on self-esteem. Current Psychology, 32(3), 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-013-9176-3
  • Dunbar, R. (2004). Gossip in evolutionary perspective. Review of General Psychology, 8, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100
  • Dunbar, R., Marriott, A., & Duncan, C. (1997). Human conversational behavior. Human Nature, 8, 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912493
  • Eder, D., & Enke, J. L. (1991). The structure of gossip: Opportunities and constraints on collective expression among adolescents. American Sociological Review, 56, 494-508.
  • Engelmann, J., Herrmann, E., & Tomasello, M. (2016). Preschoolers affect others' reputations through prosocial gossip. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34, 447-460. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12143
  • Engelmann, J. M., & Rapp, D. J. (2018). The influence of reputational concerns on children's prosociality. Current Opinion in Psychology, 20, 92–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.024
  • Feinberg, M., Willer, R., Stellar, J., & Keltner, D. (2012). The virtues of gossip: Reputational information sharing as prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 1015–1030. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026650
  • Friend, M., & Davis, T. L. (1993). Appearance-reality distinction: Children’s understanding of the physical and affective domains. Developmental Psychology, 29, 907-914.
  • Gabriels, K., & De Backer, C. J. (2016). Virtual gossip: How gossip regulates moral life in virtual worlds. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 683-693.
  • Gawronski, B., & Walther, E. (2008). The TAR effect: When the ones who dislike becomes the ones who are disliked. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1276–1289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208318952
  • Gottman, J. M., & Graziano, W. G. (1983). How children become friends. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 48(2), 1-86.
  • Guzley, R. M. (1992). Organizational climate and communication climate: Predictors of commitment to the organization. Management Communication Quarterly, 5(4), 379-402.
  • Haux, L., Engelmann, J., Hermann, E., & Tomasello, M. (2017). Do young children preferentially trust gossip or firsthand observation in choosing a collaborative partner? Social Development, 26, 466–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12225
  • Hetheringon, E. M., & Parke, R. D. (1993). Child psychology: A contemporary view point (4th ed.). New York: Monotype Composition Company.
  • Hill, V., & Pillow, B. H. (2006). Children's understanding of reputations. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 167(2), 137-157.
  • Kim, S., Harris, P. L. & Warneken, F. (2014). Is it okay to tell? Children's judgements about information disclosure. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 32, 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12040
  • Kuttler, A., Parker, J., & La Greca, A. (2002). Developmental and gender differences in preadolescents' judgments of the veracity of gossip. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48, 105–132. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2002.0008
  • McDonald, L., Putallaz, M., Grimes, L., Kupersmidt, B., & Coie, D. (2007). Girl talk: Gossip, friendship, and sociometric status. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53, 381-411. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2007.0017
  • McGuigan, N., & Cubillo, M. (2013). Information transmission in young children: When social information is more important than nonsocial information. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 174(6), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2012.749833
  • Obradović, J., van Dulmen, M. H., Yates, T. M., Carlson, E. A., & Egeland, B. (2006). Developmental assessment of competence from early childhood to middle adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), 857-889.
  • Parker, J. G., & Gottman, J. M. (1989). Social and emotional development in a relational context: Friendship interaction from early childhood to adolescence. In T. J. Berndt & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Peer relationships in child development (pp. 95–131). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Parker, J., & Seal, J. (1996). Forming, losing, renewing, and replacing friendships: Applying temporal parameters to the assessment of children's friendship experiences. Child Development, 67, 2248–2268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01855.x
  • Perner, J., & Lang, B. (1999). Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(9), 337-344.
  • Rotenberg, Κ. J., Simourd, L„ & Moore, D. (1989). Children’s use of a verbal non-verbal consistency principle to infer truth and lying. Child Development, 60, 309-322.
  • Ruggiero, A., Parolin, E., & Ma, L. (2020). The impact of gossip valence on children’s attitudes towards gossipers. Infant and Child Development, 29(4), e2180. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2180
  • Schnake, M. E. (1990). Human relations. Ohio: Merrill Publishing Company.
  • Schwartz, S. H., Verkasalo, M., Antonovsky, A., & Sagiv, L. (1997). Value priorities and social desirability: Much substance, some style. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36(1), 3-18.
  • Sevindik, A. (2021). Türk mizah ekolojisi. Ötüken Neşriyat.
  • Shinohara, A., Kanakogi, Y., Okumura, Y., & Kobayashi, T. (2021). How do children evaluate the gossiper of negative gossip?. Japanese Psychological Research, 63(2), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12279
  • Shinohara, A., & Kobayashi, T. (2022). Children’s understanding of friendship formation caused by gossip. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 217, 105370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105370
  • Sommerfeld, R., Krambeck, H., Semmann, D., & Millinski, M. (2007). Gossip as an alternative for direct observation in games of indirect reciprocity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 17435–17440. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704598104
  • Şantaş, G., Akbolat, M., & Sağlam, H. (2019). Sağlık çalışanlarında örgütsel affetme, örgütsel dedikodu ve intikam niyeti arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 36, 131-148.
  • Tang, Y., Zhang, Z., & Harris, P. L. (2023). Does first‐hand evidence undermine young children's initial trust in positive gossip? Evidence from 5‐to 6‐year‐old children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 41, 358-370. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12457
  • Tomasello, M., & Vaish, A. (2013). Origins of human cooperation and morality. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 231–255.
  • Turner, M. M., Mazur, M. A., Wendel, N., & Winslow, R. (2003). Relational ruin or social glue? The joint effect of relationship type and gossip valence on liking, trust, and expertise. Communication Monographs, 70(2), 129-141.
  • Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2009). The roots of human altruism. British Journal of Psychology, 100(3), 455-471.
  • Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). Meta‐analysis of theory‐of‐mind development: The truth about false belief. Child Development, 72(3), 655-684.
  • Wu, J., Balliet, D., & Van Lange, P. A. (2016). Reputation, gossip, and human cooperation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10, 350–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12255
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bilişsel Gelişim, Sosyal Gelişim
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhammed Sukru Aydın 0000-0003-1112-3180

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 15 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, M. S. (2024). Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(2), 306-321. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1393226
AMA Aydın MS. Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Temmuz 2024;25(2):306-321. doi:10.17494/ogusbd.1393226
Chicago Aydın, Muhammed Sukru. “Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz Ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2024): 306-21. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1393226.
EndNote Aydın MS (01 Temmuz 2024) Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25 2 306–321.
IEEE M. S. Aydın, “Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 2, ss. 306–321, 2024, doi: 10.17494/ogusbd.1393226.
ISNAD Aydın, Muhammed Sukru. “Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz Ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25/2 (Temmuz 2024), 306-321. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.1393226.
JAMA Aydın MS. Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2024;25:306–321.
MLA Aydın, Muhammed Sukru. “Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz Ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 306-21, doi:10.17494/ogusbd.1393226.
Vancouver Aydın MS. Çocuklar Olumlu, Olumsuz ve Nötr İçerikli Dedikoduları Ayırt Edebilir Mi?. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2024;25(2):306-21.