Research on the Effect of Social Media Implementations for Improved Customer Relations and Services
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 792 - 805, 01.11.2024
Ozge Habiboglu
,
Ceyda Aysuna Türkyılmaz
,
Cenk Yüksel
,
Serdar Pirtini
Öz
The primary motivation of this study is to examine the increase in social media usage and the primary reasons behind it. The effects of social media implementations (SMI) on customer relations and services have been investigated in this context. Data were collected from 195 firms operating in Turkey and analyzed using regression analysis. The findings revealed that Social Media Usage (SMU) is essential to customer relations and services. Additionally, it was found that SMIs have a positive impact on improving customer relationships and that the customer engagement initiatives (CEI) and social media strategies (SMS) implemented by firms are strongly associated with improved customer relations and services (ICRS). This research is expected to contribute to the literature by analyzing the effects of social media usage at the firm level.
Kaynakça
- Akın, B. and Gürsoy Şimşek, U. T. (2018). Sosyal Medya Anali̇ti̇ği̇ ile Değer Yaratma: Duygu Anali̇zi̇ ile Geleceğe Yöneli̇m. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 797–811. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.435804
- Alalwan, A. A., Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K. and Algharabat, R. (2017). Social Media in Marketing: A Review and Analysis of the Existing Literature. Telematics and Informatics, 34(7), 1177–1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.05.008
- Alavi, S. (2016). New Paradigm of Digital Marketing in Emerging Markets: From Social Media to Social Customer Relationship Management. International Journal of Management Practice, 9(1), 56–73. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMP.2016.074889
- Al-Dwairi, R., Shehabat, I., Zahrawi, A., and Hammouri, Q. (2024). Building Customer Trust, Loyalty, and Satisfaction: The Power of Social Media in E-Commerce Environments. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(3), 1883-1894.
- Ananda, A. S., Hernández-García, Á. and Lamberti, L. (2016). N-REL: A Comprehensive Framework of Social Media Marketing Strategic Actions For Marketing Organizations. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 1(3), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.003
- Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D. (2013). Social Media and Business Transformation: A Framework For Research, Information Systems Research, 24(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1120.0470
- Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y. and Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing Construct Validity in Organizational Research Author(s): Richard P . Bagozzi , Youjae Yi and Lynn W . Phillips Published by : Sage Publications , Inc . on behalf of the Johnson Graduate School of Management , Cornell University Stable URL : h. 36(3), 421–458.
- Braojos-Gomez, J., Benitez-Amado, J. and Javier Llorens-Montes, F. (2015). How Do Small Firms Learn to Develop A Social Media Competence? International Journal of Information Management, 35(4), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.04.003
- Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B. and Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer Engagement in a Virtual Brand Community: An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.029
- Capitello, R., Agnoli, L., Begalli, D. and Codurri, S. (2014). Social Media Strategies and Corporate Brand Visibility in the Wine Industry: Lessons From an Italian Case Study. EuroMed Journal of Business, 9(2), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-10-2013-0046
- Cao, G., and Weerawardena, J. (2023). Strategic Use of Social Media in Marketing and Financial Performance: The B2B SME Context. Industrial Marketing Management, 111, 41-54.
- Choudhury, M. M. and Harrigan, P. (2014). CRM to Social CRM: The Integration of New Technologies into Customer Relationship Management. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 22(2), 149–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2013.876069
- Chung, A. Q. H., Andreev, P., Benyoucef, M., Duane, A. and O’Reilly, P. (2017). Managing an Organisation’s Social Media Presence: An Empirical Stages of Growth Model. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1), 1405–1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.003
- Dessart, L., Veloutsou, C. and Morgan-Thomas, A. (2016). Capturing Consumer Engagement: Duality, Dimensionality and Measurement. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(5–6), 399–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2015.1130738
- Dewnarain, S., Ramkissoon, H. and Mavondo, F. (2019). Social Customer Relationship Management: An Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 28(2), 172–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1516588
- Dolan, R., Conduit, J., Frethey-Bentham, C., Fahy, J. and Goodman, S. (2019). Social Media Engagement Behavior: A Framework for Engaging Customers Through Social Media Content. European Journal of Marketing, 53(10), 2213–2243. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-03-2017-0182
- Durmuş, B., Yurtkoru, E. S. and Çinko, M. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi. İstanbul: Beta.
- Effing, R. and Spil, T. A. M. (2016). The Social Strategy Cone: Towards Framework for Evaluating Social Media Strategies. International Journal of Information Management, 36(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.07.009
- Elena, C. A. (2016). Social Media – A Strategy in Developing Customer Relationship Management. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 785–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30266-0
- Foltean, F. S., Trif, S. M. and Tuleu, D. L. (2019). Customer Relationship Management Capabilities and Social Media Technology Use: Consequences on Firm Performance. Journal of Business Research, 104, 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.047
- Gashi, R. and Ahmeti, H. G. (2021). Impact of Social Media on the Development of New Products, Marketing and Customer Relationship Management in Kosovo. Emerging Science Journal, 5(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01263
- Guha, S., Harrigan, P. and Soutar, G. (2018). Linking Social Media to Customer Relationship Management (CRM): A Qualitative Study on SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 30(3), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2017.1399628
- Jami Pour, M., Hosseinzadeh, M. and Amoozad Mahdiraji, H. (2021). Exploring and Evaluating Success Factors of Social Media Marketing Strategy: A Multi-Dimensional-Multi-Criteria Framework. Foresight, 23(6), 655–678. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-01-2021-0005
- Kantorová, K. and Bachmann, P. (2018). Social Customer Relationship Management and Organizational Characteristics. Information, 9(12), 1-9 https://doi.org/10.3390/info9120306
- Kaplan, A. M., and Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
- Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P. and Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social Media? Get Serious! Understanding the Functional Building Blocks of Social Media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005
- Kim, A. J. and Ko, E. (2010). Impacts of Luxury Fashion Brand’s Social Media Marketing on Customer Relationship and Purchase Intention. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 1(3), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2010.10593068
- Li, F., Larimo, J. and Leonidou, L. C. (2021). Social Media Marketing Strategy: Definition, Conceptualization, Taxonomy, Validation, and Future Agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49(1), 51–70). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00733-3
- Maecker, O., Barrot, C. and Becker, J. U. (2016). The Effect of Social Media Interactions on Customer Relationship Management. Business Research, 9(1), 133–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-016-0027-6
- Pansari, A. and Kumar, V. (2017). Customer Engagement: The Construct, Antecedents, and Consequences. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(3), 294–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-016-0485-6
- Parveen, F., Jaafar, N. I. and Ainin, S. (2016). Social Media’s Impact on Organizational Performance and Entrepreneurial Orientation in Organizations. Management Decision, 54(9), 2208–2234. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2015-0336
- Peters, K., Chen, Y., Kaplan, A. M., Ognibeni, B. and Pauwels, K. (2013). Social Media Metrics: A Framework and Guidelines for Managing Social Media. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), 281–298). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2013.09.007
- Reinhold, O. and Alt, R. (2012). Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Social Customer Relationship Management: State of the Art and Learnings from Current Projects. 25th Bled EConference EDependability: Reliable and Trustworthy EStructures, EProcesses, EOperations and EServices for the Future, 155–169.
- Sabuncu, İ. and Atmis, M. (2020). Social Media Analytics for Brand Image Tracking: A Case Study Application for Turkish Airlines. Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Dergisi, 6(1), 26–41. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1104512
- Sasatanun, P. and Charoensukmongkol, P. (2016). Antecedents and Outcomes Associated with Social Media Use in Customer Relationship Management of Thai Microenterprises. International Journal of Technoentrepreneurship, 3(2), 127–149. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTE.2016.080258
- Shah, S. A., Shoukat, M. H., Ahmad, M. S., and Khan, B. (2024). Role of Social Media Technologies and Customer Relationship Management Capabilities 2.0 in Creating Customer Loyalty and University Reputation. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 34(1), 344-367.
- Stieglitz, S., Dang-Xuan, L., Bruns, A. and Neuberger, C. (2014). Social Media Analytics, An Interdiciplinary Approach and Its Implications for Information Systems. Business and Information Systems Engineering, 2, 89–96.
- Stieglitz, S., Mirbabaie, M., Ross, B. and Neuberger, C. (2018). Social Media Analytics: Challenges in Topic Discovery, Data Collection, and Data Preparation. International Journal of Information Management, 3, 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.002
- Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Tafesse, W. and Wien, A. (2018). Implementing Social Media Marketing Strategically: An Empirical Assessment. Journal of Marketing Management, 34(9–10), 732–749. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2018.1482365
- Tajudeen, F. P., Jaafar, N. I. and Ainin, S. (2018). Understanding the Impact of Social Media Usage Among Organizations. Information and Management, 55(3), 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.08.004
- Tehseen, S., Ramayah, T. and Sajilan, S. (2017). Testing and Controlling for Common Method Variance: A Review of Available Methods. Journal of Management Sciences, 4(2), 142-168. https://doi.org/10.20547/jms.2014.1704202
- Trainor, K. J., Andzulis, J., Rapp, A. and Agnihotri, R. (2014). Social Media Technology Usage and Customer Relationship Performance: A Capabilities-Based Examination of Social CRM. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1201–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.002
- Vivek, S. D., Beatty, S. E. and Morgan, R. M. (2012). Customer Engagement: Exploring Customer Relationships Beyond Purchase. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(2), 122–146. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679200201
- Wang, Z. and Kim, H. G. (2017). Can Social Media Marketing Improve Customer Relationship Capabilities and Firm Performance? Dynamic Capability Perspective. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 39, 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2017.02.004
- Zhou , X., Ahmad, N., Lho, L. H., and Han, H. (2023). Social ripple: Unraveling the Impact of Customer Relationship Management via Social Media on Consumer Emotions and Behavior. Social Behavior and Personality, 51(10), e12716
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Gelişmiş Müşteri İlişkileri ve Hizmetleri İçin Sosyal Medya Uygulamalarının Etkisinin Araştırılması
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 792 - 805, 01.11.2024
Ozge Habiboglu
,
Ceyda Aysuna Türkyılmaz
,
Cenk Yüksel
,
Serdar Pirtini
Öz
Bu çalışmanın temel motivasyonu, sosyal medya kullanımındaki artış ve bu artışın ana nedenlerini incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda, sosyal medya uygulamalarının (SMU) müşteri ilişkileri ve hizmetleri üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Ampirik analiz için Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren 195 firmadan toplanan veriler, regresyon analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Sosyal Medya Kullanımının (SMK) müşteri ilişkileri ve hizmetleri açısından önemli bir unsur olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, SMU'nun müşteri ilişkilerini iyileştirici bir etkisi olduğu ve firmaların uyguladığı müşteri etkileşimi inisiyatifleri (MEİ) ile sosyal medya stratejilerinin (SMS), gelişmiş müşteri ilişkileri ve hizmetleri (GMİH) ile güçlü bir bağlantıya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın, sosyal medya kullanımının firma düzeyindeki etkilerini analiz ederek literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Etik Beyan
Mevcut çalışma için Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve
Yayın Etiği Kurulu'dan toplantı tarihi 2024-04-02 olan toplantı sayısı:T2024-1948 olan etik kurul belgesi alınmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Akın, B. and Gürsoy Şimşek, U. T. (2018). Sosyal Medya Anali̇ti̇ği̇ ile Değer Yaratma: Duygu Anali̇zi̇ ile Geleceğe Yöneli̇m. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 797–811. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.435804
- Alalwan, A. A., Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K. and Algharabat, R. (2017). Social Media in Marketing: A Review and Analysis of the Existing Literature. Telematics and Informatics, 34(7), 1177–1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.05.008
- Alavi, S. (2016). New Paradigm of Digital Marketing in Emerging Markets: From Social Media to Social Customer Relationship Management. International Journal of Management Practice, 9(1), 56–73. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMP.2016.074889
- Al-Dwairi, R., Shehabat, I., Zahrawi, A., and Hammouri, Q. (2024). Building Customer Trust, Loyalty, and Satisfaction: The Power of Social Media in E-Commerce Environments. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(3), 1883-1894.
- Ananda, A. S., Hernández-García, Á. and Lamberti, L. (2016). N-REL: A Comprehensive Framework of Social Media Marketing Strategic Actions For Marketing Organizations. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 1(3), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.003
- Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D. (2013). Social Media and Business Transformation: A Framework For Research, Information Systems Research, 24(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1120.0470
- Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y. and Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing Construct Validity in Organizational Research Author(s): Richard P . Bagozzi , Youjae Yi and Lynn W . Phillips Published by : Sage Publications , Inc . on behalf of the Johnson Graduate School of Management , Cornell University Stable URL : h. 36(3), 421–458.
- Braojos-Gomez, J., Benitez-Amado, J. and Javier Llorens-Montes, F. (2015). How Do Small Firms Learn to Develop A Social Media Competence? International Journal of Information Management, 35(4), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.04.003
- Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B. and Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer Engagement in a Virtual Brand Community: An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.029
- Capitello, R., Agnoli, L., Begalli, D. and Codurri, S. (2014). Social Media Strategies and Corporate Brand Visibility in the Wine Industry: Lessons From an Italian Case Study. EuroMed Journal of Business, 9(2), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-10-2013-0046
- Cao, G., and Weerawardena, J. (2023). Strategic Use of Social Media in Marketing and Financial Performance: The B2B SME Context. Industrial Marketing Management, 111, 41-54.
- Choudhury, M. M. and Harrigan, P. (2014). CRM to Social CRM: The Integration of New Technologies into Customer Relationship Management. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 22(2), 149–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2013.876069
- Chung, A. Q. H., Andreev, P., Benyoucef, M., Duane, A. and O’Reilly, P. (2017). Managing an Organisation’s Social Media Presence: An Empirical Stages of Growth Model. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1), 1405–1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.003
- Dessart, L., Veloutsou, C. and Morgan-Thomas, A. (2016). Capturing Consumer Engagement: Duality, Dimensionality and Measurement. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(5–6), 399–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2015.1130738
- Dewnarain, S., Ramkissoon, H. and Mavondo, F. (2019). Social Customer Relationship Management: An Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 28(2), 172–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1516588
- Dolan, R., Conduit, J., Frethey-Bentham, C., Fahy, J. and Goodman, S. (2019). Social Media Engagement Behavior: A Framework for Engaging Customers Through Social Media Content. European Journal of Marketing, 53(10), 2213–2243. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-03-2017-0182
- Durmuş, B., Yurtkoru, E. S. and Çinko, M. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi. İstanbul: Beta.
- Effing, R. and Spil, T. A. M. (2016). The Social Strategy Cone: Towards Framework for Evaluating Social Media Strategies. International Journal of Information Management, 36(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.07.009
- Elena, C. A. (2016). Social Media – A Strategy in Developing Customer Relationship Management. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 785–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30266-0
- Foltean, F. S., Trif, S. M. and Tuleu, D. L. (2019). Customer Relationship Management Capabilities and Social Media Technology Use: Consequences on Firm Performance. Journal of Business Research, 104, 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.047
- Gashi, R. and Ahmeti, H. G. (2021). Impact of Social Media on the Development of New Products, Marketing and Customer Relationship Management in Kosovo. Emerging Science Journal, 5(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01263
- Guha, S., Harrigan, P. and Soutar, G. (2018). Linking Social Media to Customer Relationship Management (CRM): A Qualitative Study on SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 30(3), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2017.1399628
- Jami Pour, M., Hosseinzadeh, M. and Amoozad Mahdiraji, H. (2021). Exploring and Evaluating Success Factors of Social Media Marketing Strategy: A Multi-Dimensional-Multi-Criteria Framework. Foresight, 23(6), 655–678. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-01-2021-0005
- Kantorová, K. and Bachmann, P. (2018). Social Customer Relationship Management and Organizational Characteristics. Information, 9(12), 1-9 https://doi.org/10.3390/info9120306
- Kaplan, A. M., and Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
- Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P. and Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social Media? Get Serious! Understanding the Functional Building Blocks of Social Media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005
- Kim, A. J. and Ko, E. (2010). Impacts of Luxury Fashion Brand’s Social Media Marketing on Customer Relationship and Purchase Intention. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 1(3), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/20932685.2010.10593068
- Li, F., Larimo, J. and Leonidou, L. C. (2021). Social Media Marketing Strategy: Definition, Conceptualization, Taxonomy, Validation, and Future Agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49(1), 51–70). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00733-3
- Maecker, O., Barrot, C. and Becker, J. U. (2016). The Effect of Social Media Interactions on Customer Relationship Management. Business Research, 9(1), 133–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-016-0027-6
- Pansari, A. and Kumar, V. (2017). Customer Engagement: The Construct, Antecedents, and Consequences. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(3), 294–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-016-0485-6
- Parveen, F., Jaafar, N. I. and Ainin, S. (2016). Social Media’s Impact on Organizational Performance and Entrepreneurial Orientation in Organizations. Management Decision, 54(9), 2208–2234. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2015-0336
- Peters, K., Chen, Y., Kaplan, A. M., Ognibeni, B. and Pauwels, K. (2013). Social Media Metrics: A Framework and Guidelines for Managing Social Media. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), 281–298). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2013.09.007
- Reinhold, O. and Alt, R. (2012). Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Social Customer Relationship Management: State of the Art and Learnings from Current Projects. 25th Bled EConference EDependability: Reliable and Trustworthy EStructures, EProcesses, EOperations and EServices for the Future, 155–169.
- Sabuncu, İ. and Atmis, M. (2020). Social Media Analytics for Brand Image Tracking: A Case Study Application for Turkish Airlines. Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Dergisi, 6(1), 26–41. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1104512
- Sasatanun, P. and Charoensukmongkol, P. (2016). Antecedents and Outcomes Associated with Social Media Use in Customer Relationship Management of Thai Microenterprises. International Journal of Technoentrepreneurship, 3(2), 127–149. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTE.2016.080258
- Shah, S. A., Shoukat, M. H., Ahmad, M. S., and Khan, B. (2024). Role of Social Media Technologies and Customer Relationship Management Capabilities 2.0 in Creating Customer Loyalty and University Reputation. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 34(1), 344-367.
- Stieglitz, S., Dang-Xuan, L., Bruns, A. and Neuberger, C. (2014). Social Media Analytics, An Interdiciplinary Approach and Its Implications for Information Systems. Business and Information Systems Engineering, 2, 89–96.
- Stieglitz, S., Mirbabaie, M., Ross, B. and Neuberger, C. (2018). Social Media Analytics: Challenges in Topic Discovery, Data Collection, and Data Preparation. International Journal of Information Management, 3, 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.002
- Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Tafesse, W. and Wien, A. (2018). Implementing Social Media Marketing Strategically: An Empirical Assessment. Journal of Marketing Management, 34(9–10), 732–749. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2018.1482365
- Tajudeen, F. P., Jaafar, N. I. and Ainin, S. (2018). Understanding the Impact of Social Media Usage Among Organizations. Information and Management, 55(3), 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.08.004
- Tehseen, S., Ramayah, T. and Sajilan, S. (2017). Testing and Controlling for Common Method Variance: A Review of Available Methods. Journal of Management Sciences, 4(2), 142-168. https://doi.org/10.20547/jms.2014.1704202
- Trainor, K. J., Andzulis, J., Rapp, A. and Agnihotri, R. (2014). Social Media Technology Usage and Customer Relationship Performance: A Capabilities-Based Examination of Social CRM. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1201–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.002
- Vivek, S. D., Beatty, S. E. and Morgan, R. M. (2012). Customer Engagement: Exploring Customer Relationships Beyond Purchase. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(2), 122–146. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679200201
- Wang, Z. and Kim, H. G. (2017). Can Social Media Marketing Improve Customer Relationship Capabilities and Firm Performance? Dynamic Capability Perspective. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 39, 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2017.02.004
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