CHANGING MIGRATION PROCESSES OF AFGHANS AFTER 2021

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 175 - 195, 30.01.2025

Orhan Deniz , Mehmet Kadri Tekin , Cihat Uğurlu , Semih Nargül

Öz

One of the most important phenomena facing today's world is cross-border migration. The intertwined dynamics of war, poverty, natural disasters, economic and socio-political instability in different geographies of the globe lead to the displacement of people. Afghanistan, which faces a significant part of these problems, has been a country that has been sending significant amounts of migrants to different parts of the world since the 1980s. Afghans try to cross long distances irregularly in order to obtain asylum through transnational mobility, which they accept as a way of struggling against the difficulties they face. After the Taliban regained power in 2021, the mobility processes of people who had to leave the country unprepared began to diverge. It has been found that the migration processes of Afghans after the Taliban government have not been sufficiently analyzed in the existing literature. This study aims to examine the changes in Afghan migration (migrants' travel processes, migrant smuggling practices, migration routes) after the Taliban seized power in 2021. Within the scope of the study, a survey was conducted with 114 migrants residing in Van city center and interviews were conducted with 12 migrants who were considered to be knowledgeable on the subject. In this context, mixed method technique was utilized. The results show that migration processes have changed significantly after the Taliban. It has been determined that young adult individuals working in institutions that are not pro-Taliban have increased their tendency to migrate, migration travel processes and routes have become more difficult as a result of the protectionist and preventive policies of the nation-state, and accordingly, the money given to smugglers has increased significantly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afghanistan, Taliban, Refugee, İrregular Journey, Migration Process

Proje Numarası

Yok

AFGANLARIN 2021 SONRASI DEĞİŞEN GÖÇ SÜREÇLERİ

Öz

Günümüz dünyasının karşılaştığı önemli fenomenlerden biri sınır aşan göçlerdir. Yerkürenin farklı coğrafyalarında yaşanan savaş, yoksulluk, doğal afetler, ekonomik ve sosyo-politik istikrarsızlıklar şeklinde iç içe geçen dinamikler insanların yerinden edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu sorunların önemli kısmıyla yüzleşen Afganistan, 1980’li yıllardan beri dünyanın farklı bölgelerine ciddi ölçüde göç veren ülke konumundadır. Afganlar yaşadığı zorluklara karşı mücadele etme biçimi olarak kabul ettiği ulus-ötesi hareketliliklerini sığınma elde edebilmek amacıyla uzun mesafeleri düzensiz yollarla geçmeye çalışmaktadır. 2021’de Taliban’ın iktidarı yeniden ele geçirmesinin ardından ülkeyi hazırlıksız şekilde terk etmek zorunda kalan kişilerin hareketlilik süreçleri farklılaşmaya başlamıştır. Mevcut literatürde Taliban hükümeti sonrasında Afganların göç süreçlerinin yeteri kadar incelemeye alınmadığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Taliban’ın 2021’de iktidarı ele geçirmesi sonrasında Afgan göçünde meydana gelen değişmeleri (göçmenlerin yolculuk süreçleri, göçmen kaçakçılarının uygulamaları, göç rotaları) etraflıca incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Van kent merkezinde ikamet eden 114 göçmen ile anket ve bunlardan konuya vakıf olduğu düşünülen 12 göçmen ile mülakat yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda karma yöntem tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, Taliban sonrasında göç süreçlerinin önemli ölçüde değişime uğradığını göstermiştir. Taliban yanlısı olmayan kurumlarda çalışan genç yetişkin bireylerin göç etme eğilimlerinin artığı, ulus-devletin korumacı ve engelleyici politikalarının neticesi olarak göç yolculuk süreçlerinin ve rotalarının daha zorlaştığı ve buna bağlı olarak da kaçakçılara verilen paranın önemli oranda arttığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afganistan, Taliban, Mülteci, Düzensiz Yolculuk, Göç Süreci

Etik Beyan

Yok

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

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