Araştırma Makalesi

Papalığın Siyonizm Karşısındaki Tutumu ve Kutsal Topraklar Politikası

Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 30 Haziran 2025
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The Papal Attitude Towards Zionism and The Holy Land Policy

Abstract

The Zionist plan of establishing a national homeland by gathering Jews from all over the world in the land of Palestine has drawn the reaction of the Papacy from the very beginning. However, the Papacy’s attitude towards Zionist demands and challenges has varied within the framework of the global political atmosphere, the actual situation in the region and the theological transformation within the Church. Thus, Papal policy towards the Holy Land against the Zionist ideology has shifted from the traditional belief in permanent Jewish exile to, at minimum, the internationalization of Jerusalem and the preservation of its religious identity. It has also evolvedfrom the official recognition of the State of Israel to an emphasis on safeguarding the dignity of holy sites and ensuring the Church’s rights. In this context, the Papal attitude towards the Zionist ideology, which began just before the first Zionist Congress, manifested itself as an absolute opposition to the immigration of Jews to the Holy Land on theological grounds. In this period, the Papacy not only took internal measures against Zionist activities, but also reached out France, the protector of the Christians in the region, and the Ottoman Empire, which ruled the region. This uncompromising attitude of the Papacy continued throughout the period of the British takeover of Palestine in 1917 and later the mandate administration. However, with the shifting global balance after World War II and the widespread discourse on the Holocaust, the Papal position has gradually changed. Of course, the emergence of America as a superpower in the post-war period and the support of Zionism by the successive American administrations played a significant role in this shift. In addition to the establishment of the State of Israel and the subsequent geopolitical developments in the region, Pope Paul VI’s visit and the theological shifts within the Church, such as the decisions of the Second Vatican Council, led to a slight softening of the Papacy’s stance. Henceforth, the Papacy began to raise issues such as the preservation of holy sites, free access to holy sites for all faiths, and the rights and authority of religious communities. This indecisive policy of the Papacy has been seen as a result of political or conjunctural challenges. Nevertheless, the Papacy has never abandoned its demands concerning an independent Palestinian state and the status of Jerusalem and has expressed them on various platforms. This study examines the Papal policy toward the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem, in response to Zionist aims and activities from the late nineteenth century to the present day.

Keywords

History of Religions , Judaism , Holy Land , Papacy , Vatican , Zionism , Jerusalem

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

ISNAD
Özalp, Mürsel. “Papalığın Siyonizm Karşısındaki Tutumu ve Kutsal Topraklar Politikası”. Oksident 7/1 (01 Haziran 2025): 99-118. https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1665286.