Fides et Ratio Catholica: The Relationship of Faith and Reason in the Roman Catholic Church in Pope John Paul II and Later

Yıl 2021, , 57 - 82, 30.06.2021

Duygu Mete

https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.831922

Öz

Fides et Ratio, published by Pope John Paul II in 1998, has an important place in the Church tradition because it summarizes the perspective of the Catholic Church tradition regarding the relationship of faith-reason in the historical process. In addition, another aspect that makes the circular privileged is that the reason-belief relationship was not dealt with in such a comprehensive way later.
In the context of the constitution named Fides et Ratio, this article tries to reveal the Catholic Church's views on the relationship between faith and reason. For this purpose, based on Fides et Ratio, it discusses the views of Pope John Paul II and his successors Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis on the subject.
In his circular, Pope John Paul II emphasizes that the truths reached by reason and faith, in general, do not contradict each other and that these two sources of information should support each other. Given that they both depend on each other, John Paul's call to establish a correct relationship between philosophy and theology seems to continue by the later popes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pope II. John Paul, reason, faith, Pope XVI. Benedict, Pope Francis

Fides et Ratio Catholica: Papa II. John Paul ve Sonrası Roma Katolik Kilisesi’nde İman-Akıl İlişkisi

Öz

Papa II. John Paul tarafından 1998 yılında yayımlanan Fides et Ratio, hem tarihsel süreçte Katolik Kilise geleneğinin iman-akıl ilişkisine yönelik bakış açısını özetlemesi hem de yaşanılan dönemdeki mevcut tartışmalara bir son verme niteliği taşıması dolayısıyla Kilise geleneğinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ayrıca kendisinden sonra akıl-iman ilişkisinin bu şekilde kapsamlı olarak ele alınmaması, genelgeyi ayrıcalıklı kılan bir başka husustur. Akıl-iman ilişkisine yönelik o döneme kadarki felsefî ve teolojik görüşleri zikrederek bir anlamda onlarla hesaplaşan genelge, I. ve II. Vatikan Konsili öğretilerini geliştirerek akıl ve iman ilişkisine yönelik geniş bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Genelgede temel olarak akıl-iman, felsefe-teoloji arasında kurulacak doğru ilişki ele alınmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada Fides et Ratio adlı genelge bağlamında Katolik Kilise geleneğinin akıl-iman ilişkisine yönelik görüşleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Papa II. John Paul’un meseleye dair görüşleri esas alınmakla birlikte konuya güncel bir bakış kazandırmak maksadıyla yakın dönemin son iki papası olan XVI. Benedict ve Papa Francis’in de konuya ilişkin değerlendirilmelerine yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

II. John Paul, akıl, iman, Thomas Aquinas, Papa XVI. Benedict

Kaynakça

• Alıcı, Mustafa. “Post- Religio et Ratio: Postmodern Din Bilimlerinde Akıl-Din İlişkisi”. Akra Kültür Sanat ve Edebiyat Dergisi 20/8 (2020): 15-44.
• Aydın, Mahmut. “Vatikan Konsili”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2004, 42: 568-571.
• Andrew, Murray. “Faith and Reason Revisited”. A Review of Topical Theology 33/1 (1999): 21-23.
• Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Contra Gentiles I. Çev. Anton G. Pegis. New York: Image Books, 1955.
• Augustine. İnancın Özgür İstenci Üzerine. Çev. Metin Topuz. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2015.
• Augustine. İtiraflar. Çev. Çiğdem Dürüşken. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi, 2010.
• Balasuriya, Tissa. “On the Papal Encyclical Faith and Reason”. CrossCurrents 49/2 (1999): 294-296.
• Block, Benjamin M. “The Balance of Faith and Reason: The Role of Confirmation in the Thought of St. Thomas Aquinas”. Studia Gilsoniana 4/3 (2015): 209-228.
• Cevizci, Ahmet. Ortaçağ Felsefesi. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2017.
• Cushman, Robert E. “Faith and Reason in the Thought of St. Augustine”. Church History 19/4 (1950): 271-294.
• Dönmez, Süleyman. St. Thomas’ta Felsefe-Teoloji İlişkisi, Ankara: Karahan Kitabevi, 2004.
• Dulles, Avery Cardinal. “Reason: From Vatican I to John Paul II”. In the Two Wings of Catholic Thought: Essays on Fides et Ratio. ed. David Ruel Foster v.dğr. 193-208. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2003.
• Ernst, Harold E. “New Horizons in Catholic Philosophical Theology: Fides et Ratio and the Changed Status of Thomism”. HeyJ 47 (2006): 26-37.
• Freddoso, Alfred J. “Fides et Ratio: A Radical Vision of Intellectual Inquiry”. Faith, Scholarship and Culture in the 21st Century, ed. Alice Ramos v.dğr. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 2002, 13-31.
• Gökberk, Macit. Felsefe Tarihi, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 2014.
• Habermas, Jürgen & Joseph, Ratzinger. The Dialectics of Secularization -On Reason and Reason-. Çev. Brian McNeil. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2006.
• Helm, Paul. Faith and Reason. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
• İskenderoğlu, Muammer. “Thomas Aquinas’ta İman, Teoloji ve Akıl İlişkisi”. Divan İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi 16/1 (2004): 209-226.
• Maher, Daniel P. “Pope Benedict XVI on Faith and Reason”. Nova et Vetera 7/3 (2009): 625-652.
• Neuner, J. & J. Dupuis. The Christian Faith in the Doctrinal Documents of the Catholic Church. Sydney: Collins Publishing, 2001.
• Odia, Slyvester Idemudia & John Olubunmi Thomas. “Resolving the Tension Between Faith and Reason: A Discourse in Philosophy of Science”. Plasu Journal of General Studies (2018): 80-90.
• Özkan, Fatih. “Duns Scotus’ta Tanrı ve Ahlâk Yasası”. Beytülhikme Felsefe Dergisi 9/1 (2019): 181-210.
• Paul II, John. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Washington: United States Catholic Conference, 1994.
• Paul II. John. Paul, Fides et Ratio: Akıl ve İman. Çev. İsmail Taşpınar. İstanbul: İyiadam Yayıncılık, 2001.
• Pignato, David. “The Primacy of Faith and the Priority of Reason: A Justification for Public Recognition of Revealed Truth”. The Saint Anselm Journal 12/2 (2017): 52-65.
• Possenti, Vittorio. “Faith and Reason: What Relationship?”. Zeszyty Naukowe KUL 59 (2016): 1-16.
• Rahner, Karl. Foundations of Christian Faith- An Introduction to the Idea of Christianity-. Çev. William V. Dych. New York: The Crossroad Publishing, 1994.
• Ratzinger, Joseph. Truth and Tolerance. Çev. Henry Taylor. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2003.
• Reilly, Elizabeth C. & Cathleen, McGrath. “Fides et Ratio: The Pursuit of Faith and Reason in the 21st Century Catholic University”. Jesuit Higher Education 7/1 (2018): 45-51.
• Rist, John. “Faith and Reason”. The Cambridge Companion to Augustine. ed. Eleonore Stump. 26-48. Norman Kretzmann. Londra: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
• Royal, Robert. “Faith and Reason: A Response to Pope John II’s Encyclical Fides et Ratio”. Sacred Heart University Review 18/1 (Mart 2010): 63-73.
• Sarto, Pablo Blanco. “Logos and Dia-Logos: Faith, Reason, (and Love) According to Joseph Ratzinger”, Anglican Theological Review 92/3 (2010): 499-509.
• Tarakçı, Muhammet. St. Thomas Aquinas. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2006.
• Taşpınar, İsmail. II. Vatikan Konsili ve Katolik İlahiyatına Etkisi”. İslami İlimler Dergisi 11/2 (2016): 143-158.
• W. J. Collinge, “Fides et Ratio”. New Catholic Encyclopedia, ed. Berard L. Marthaler. New York: Thomson Gale Publisher, 2003, V/714-715.
• Vatican. “Aeterni Patris”.Erişim 08.11.2020, www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_04081879_aeterni-patris.html.
• Vatican. “Dei Filius”. Erişim 6 Kasım 2020, www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/i-vatican-council/documents/vat-i_const_18700424_dei-filius_la.html.
• Vatican. “Meeting With The Representatives of Science Lecture of The Holy Father”. Erişim: 20.11.2020, http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/speeches/2006/september/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20060912_university-regensburg.html.
• Vatican. “Lumen Fidei”. Erişim: 23.11.2020, http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20130629_enciclica-lumen-fidei.html.
• Vatican. “Deus Caritas Est”. Erişim: 22.11.2020, http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est.html.
• Vatican. “Gaudium et Spes”. Erişim: 09.11.2020, http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html.