The Emergence of Gnostic-Manichaean Christianity as a Case of Religious Identity in the Making

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 221 - 236, 31.12.2019

Johannes Van Oort Çevirmen: Nevfel Akyar

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3592479

Öz

In view of the theme of this conference, Manichaeism seems to be an appropriate subject to illustrate religious and, in particular, ecclesiastical identity in the making. The religion or church of Mani emerged from a Jewish-Christian sect. This means that in the earliest phase of its history, this movement had to assert its own identity over and against a Jewish-Christian community whose identity and profile were already well-established. Since the discovery of the Cologne Mani-Codex, we have unique evidence that demonstrates how Manichaean identity took its initial shape. In this article I will focus on this first stage of the emergence of Manichaeism, paying special attention to those elements which, aside from pointing to Mani as the Revealer par excellence, indicate the rise and function of authoritative sources within the Manichaean religion. The way in which Gnostic-Manichaean Christianity on the one hand and mainstream Catholic  Christianity on the other would later influence each other, thereby contributing to the formation of their respective identities, will be touched upon at the end

Bir Dinî Kimlik İnşâ Örneği Olarak Gnostik-Maniheist Hıristiyanlığın Ortaya Çıkışı

Öz

Bu tartışmanın teması açısından Maniheizm, özellikle kiliseye ait kimliğin ve dinin ortaya çıkışını betimlemek için uygun bir alan gibi görünmektedir. Maniheizm veya Mani kilisesi bir Yahudi-Hıristiyan mezhebinden ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu, söz konusu hareketin ortaya çıkışının ilk evresinde, kimliği ve profili halihazırda iyi oluşturulmuş bir Yahudi-Hıristiyan cemaati üzerinden ve ona karşı kendi kimliğini ifade etmek zorunda olduğu anlamına gelir. Köln Mani Kodeksi’nin keşfinden beri Maniheizm’in ilk şeklini nasıl edindiğini gösteren benzersiz kanıtlara sahibiz. Bu makalede, Maniheizm'in ortaya çıkışının bu ilk aşamasına odaklanacağız. Mani'yi kusursuz bir Elçi (Revealer) olarak göstermesinin dışında, Mani dinindeki otoriter kaynakların ortaya çıkışını ve fonksiyonlarını işaret eden unsurlara özellikle dikkat çekeceğiz. Nihayet bir taraftan Gnostik-Maniheist Hıristiyanlığın diğer taraftan ana akım Katolik  Hıristiyanlığın daha sonraki süreçte birbirlerini etkileyen ve böylelikle kendi şahsi kimliklerinin oluşmasına katkıda bulunan hususlara değinilecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Maniheizm, Gnostizm, Hristiyanlık, Yahudilik

Kaynakça

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