Peter of Cluny's Polemic Against the Jews and Its Place in the Literature

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 99 - 115, 31.12.2024

Mahmud Sami Şengül , Ahmet Güç

https://doi.org/10.51490/oksident.1499247

Öz

Polemical texts are among the most productive sources for the discipline of the History of Religions. In addition to providing the researcher with various information about the period in which they were written, works of this genre can provide the researcher with details about the beliefs of the parties involved, their perspectives on each other, how they define themselves and where they position themselves, which cannot be found elsewhere. The twelfth century was an important turning point for Judeo-Christian refutations, which constitute an important branch of this genre. This century saw an extraordinary increase in the number of polemical texts written in Europe, as well as a change in content and method. The subject of this article is the work titled “Against the Inveterate Obduracy of the Jews” by the Benedictine abbot Peter of Cluny (aka Peter the Venerable), who led the Cluny monasteries centered in France between 1122-1156 and was considered one of the most important figures of the Western Church in his time. The period in which the work was written, the author’s style and sources, and the plagiarism allegations against him will be discussed; its similarities and differences with classical polemical texts will be revealed by considering its content, and thus the place of the work in anti-Jewish Christian polemical texts will be tried to be determined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Middle Age, Peter the Venerable, Petrus Alfonsi, Polemics, Apology, Refutation, Jewish-Christian

Klunili Peter’ın Yahudilere Karşı Polemiği ve Literatürdeki Yeri

Öz

Polemik metinleri Dinler Tarihi disiplini için en verimli kaynaklar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu türe ait çalışmalar araştırmacıya metinlerin yazıldığı döneme ait çeşitli bilgiler sunmanın yanı sıra esere konu tarafların inançları, birbirlerine bakış açıları, kendilerini nasıl tanımladıkları ve nerede konumlandırdıklarına dair başka bir yerde bulamayacağı ayrıntılar verebilir. Bu türün önemli bir kolunu teşkil eden Yahudi-Hıristiyan reddiye geleneğinde on ikinci yüzyıl önemli bir dönüm noktasıdır. Bu yüzyılda Avrupa’da yazılan polemik metinlerinin sayılarında olağanüstü bir artış görülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra içerik ve yöntemde yenilikler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu makalede, 1122-1156 yılları arasında Fransa merkezli Kluni manastırlarını yönetmiş, yaşadığı dönemde Batı Kilisesi’nin önemli figürlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Benedikten başrahibi Klunili Peter’ın “Yahudilerin Müzmin İnatçılığına Karşı” başlıklı eseri; yazıldığı dönem, müellifin üslubu ve kaynakları, hakkındaki intihal iddiaları kısaca tartışılacak; kendisinden önceki Yahudi karşıtı Hıristiyan polemik metinleriyle benzeşen ve ayrışan yanları ortaya konarak eserin Yahudi karşıtı Hıristiyan polemik metinleri içindeki yeri tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Orta Çağ, Klunili Peter, Petrus Alfonsi, Polemik, Apoloji, Reddiye, Yahudi-Hıristiyan.

Kaynakça

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