Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi

Öz

Vanadyum doğada yaygın olarak dağılmış olan bir iz elementtir ve insan dahil neredeyse tüm canlı organizmalarda bulunur. Vanadyumun önemi insanlarda ve hayvanlarda hala net olmasa da, daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda mikroorganizmalar, bitkiler ve hayvanlar için gereklidir ve canlı organizmalardaki eksikliği birçok yan etkiyle ilişkilidir. İnsanlarda çok çeşitli farmakolojik özellikler sergileyen vanadyum, insülini taklit etme etkisinden dolayı diyabeti tedavi etmek için diyet takviyelerinin bir bileşeni haline gelmiştir. Vanadyum ayrıca plazmayı korur, kan hemoglobini, V eksikliğinden etkilenmez, ancak V eksikliği olan diyetler amino asit metabolizmasını değiştirmeden kreatinin, trigliseritler, β-lipoprotein ve enzim benzeri glutamil transferaz ve sitrat asit döngüsünün aktivitelerini arttırır. Kolesterol düzeylerini, kalp hastalığını, sifilizi, tüberkülozu, anemiyi ve ödemi azalttığı, hemoglobin ve miyoglobinin oksijen afinitesinin artırılmasında rol oynadığı, iyot metabolizması ve tiroid fonksiyonu için gerekli olduğu bildirilmektedir. Kemiklerde kalsiyum birikimini kolaylaştırırarak kemik kollajen sentezinde, osteojenik ve osteoblastik aktivite için gereklidir, serum lipid düşürme kabiliyetine sahiptir, diyabetik koşullarda potansiyel bir antioksidan ajan olarak hareket eder. Vanadyum bileşiklerinin immün regülasyonda rol oynadığı bilinmektedir ve gelecekteki immünoterapiye yönelik umut verici metal ilaçlar olarak kullanılabilir. Kardiyovasküler ve sinir sisteminde rol oynar. Anti-parazitik, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-tüberküloz, anti-bakteriyel ve anti-tümör ajanları olarak da rol oynar, ancak ortalama 90 mg/kg konsantrasyonda topraktaki vanadyum, potansiyel olarak tehlikeli kirletici olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yüksek seviyelerde önemli toksik etkiler yaratabilir. İnsanlardaki fazla vanadyum, böbreklerde, karaciğerde, dalakta, kemiklerde ve lökositlerde morfolojik ve fonksiyonel lezyon riskini artırabilir. Bu derleme makalemizde, vanadyumun sağlığımıza nasıl etkileri olduğunu incelemek ve yararının yanında doza bağımlı olarak toksik etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• diyabet
• toksisite
• vanadyum

Health Importance, Exposure and Toxicity of Vanadium

Abstract

Vanadium is a trace element widely distributed in nature and is found in almost all living organisms, including humans. Although the importance of vanadium in humans and animals is still unclear, lower concentrations are essential for microorganisms, plants and animals, and its deficiency in living organisms is associated with many adverse effects. Displaying a wide variety of pharmacological properties in humans, vanadium has become an ingredient in dietary supplements to treat diabetes due to its insulin imitating effect. Vanadium protects plasma, blood hemoglobin is not affected by V deficiency, but V-deficient diets increase the activities of creatinine, triglycerides, β-lipoprotein and enzyme-like glutamyl transferase and citrate acid cycle without altering amino acid metabolism. It is reported that it reduces cholesterol levels, heart disease, syphilis, tuberculosis, anemia and edema, plays a role in increasing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and myoglobin, and is necessary for iodine metabolism and thyroid function. It is necessary for bone collagen synthesis, osteogenic and osteoblastic activity by facilitating calcium deposition in bones, has serum lipid lowering ability, acts as a potential antioxidant agent in diabetic conditions. Vanadium compounds are known to play a role in immune regulation and can be used as promising metal drugs for future immunotherapy. It plays a role in the cardiovascular and nervous system. It also plays a role as anti-parasitic, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-tuberculosis, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor agents, but vanadium formed in soil at an average concentration of 90 mg / kg has been recognized as a potentially hazardous contaminant. High levels can produce significant toxic effects. Excess vanadium in humans can increase the risk of morphological and functional lesions in the kidneys, liver, spleen, bones, and leukocytes. In this review article, we aimed to examine the effects of vanadium on our health and to investigate the toxic effects of vanadium as well as its benefits.

Keywords

• diabetes
• toxicity
• vanadium

Kaynakça

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