Silajın Aerobik Safha Sorunlarının Çözümünde Biyoteknolojik Yaklaşımlar

Öz

Silaj, yeşil yem materyallerinin fermantasyona uğratılması ile muhafazasında uygulanan bir yöntemdir. Anaerobik koşullar altında suda çözünür karbonhidratların laktik asit bakterilerince laktik asit ve diğer organik asitlere dönüştürmesi esasına dayanır. Laktik asit bakterileri tarafından üretilen laktik asit ile pH düşer ve böylece siloda bulunan yem materyali zararlı mikroorganizmalardan korunmuş olur. Silaj yapımında ticari silaj inokülantları yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Lactobacillus plantarum hızlı üremesi ve pH’yı çabuk düşürmesi dolayısıyla ticari silaj inokülantları içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Son yıllarda gerek silajın yem değerinin artırılması gerekse aerobik bozulmanın önüne geçilebilmesi amacıyla yapılan biyoteknolojik çalışmalara önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmalar özellikle L. plantarum üzerine yoğunlaşmış ve moleküler genetik yöntemleriyle yeni özellikler kazandırılmış rekombinant suşlar geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Silaj
• Aerobik stabilite
• Biyoteknoloji
• Rekombinant silaj inokülantı

Biotechnological Approaches in Solving the Aerobic Phase Problems of Silage

Abstract

Silage is a method used to preserve fresh forage materials by fermentation. It is based on converting water-soluble carbohydrates into lactic acid and other organic acids by lactic acid bacteria under anaerobic conditions. The pH decreases by lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria and thus forage is protected against detrimental microorganisms in the silo. Commercial silage inoculants are widely used in silage making. Lactobacillus plantarum is the most important species found in commercial silage inoculants since it grows rapidly and lowers pH quickly. Biotechnological studies have gained importance in recent years, whether to increase the food value of silage or to prevent aerobic spoilage. These studies have mainly focused on L. plantarum and new recombinant species that acquired new properties and were developed by molecular genetic methods.

Keywords

• Silage
• Aerobic stability
• Biotechnology
• Recombinant silage inoculant

Kaynakça

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