Ekokent Potansiyeline Erişim-Bartın/Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Tarih boyunca çevresel, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel değerler kentlerin oluşum ve gelişimini etkilemiştir. 19. yüzyılda yaşanan sanayi devrimi, kentlerde hızlı bir dönüşüm meydana getirmiş ve kenti oluşturan bu değerlerin de değişimine neden olmuştur. Kentlerin fiziksel anlamda yaşadığı değişimler çevrenin ve doğal kaynakların hızla tahrip olmasına neden olarak kentlerin ekolojik yapılarına zarar vermiştir. Bu sebepler insanları sürdürülebilir çevre ve doğa arayışlarına sürüklemiştir. Ekokentler bu negatif etkilerin daha kötüye gitmesini önlemek, kaynakları sürdürülebilir kullanmak, daha yaşanabilir çevre oluşturmak düşüncesiyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Ekokent kendi kendine yetebilen bir kent modelidir. Bu model kaynakların rasyonel ve sürdürülebilir kullanımını teşvik eder. Bu çalışma kentsel, kırsal ve kıyı, alanları ile önemli kaynaklara sahip Bartın Kenti’nde yapılmıştır. Bartın kentinin sahip olduğu ve ekokent olabilmeye uygun potansiyelleri coğrafi bilgi sistemleri aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. ArcGIS 10.8 yazılımı verilerin depolanması, analiz ve tematik haritaların yapılması amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Haritaların üst üste çakıştırılması ve sorgulanmasıyla uygunluk haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Kentin ekokent ölçütlerinde vurgulanan parametrelere ne kadar uygunluk gösterdiği bu şekilde saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucu Bartın kentinin ekokent olmak için yeterli potansiyelde olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında Bartın kentinin ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel kazanımları ile geleceğe yönelik ekokent model önerisi sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekokent
• Sürdürülebilir çevre
• Bartın
• Ekolojik planlama

Accessing The Ecocity Potential of Bartın (Turkey)

Abstract

Throughout history, environmental, economic, social and cultural values have affected the formation and development of cities. The industrial revolution brought about a rapid change in the cities and caused the values. The physical changes experienced by the cities caused rapid destruction of the environment and natural resources, thus damaging the ecological structures of the cities. These reasons have led people to search for sustainable environment and nature. In order to prevent this negative situation from getting worse, to use resources sustainably, to ensure the comfort of living spaces, new urban forms have emerged in order not to threaten the existence of nature. Eco-cities, as a self-sufficient city model that encourages the rational and sustainable use of resources, are one of these urban forms. Ecocity concept emerged with this in mind. This study was carried out in Bartin City, which has urban, rural and coastal areas and important resources. In the study, the analyzes of the natural and cultural potential that affect the ecocity potential of the city were made using geographic information system techniques. ArcGIS 10.8 software was used for this purpose. The data were stored in the ArcGIS 10.8 and thematic maps were created. Then, by overlapping the maps, the eligibility criteria were questioned. The potentials of Bartin city, which are suitable for being an ecocity, have been revealed. Within the scope of sustainability, the city's economic, social, cultural achievements and an ecocity model proposal has been presented.

Keywords

• Ecocity
• Sustainable environments
• Bartin
• Ecological planning

Kaynakça

1. Referans1 Ankarali N. Evaluation of recreational area usage potential of Bartin River Golbucagi-Bosphorus section in terms of landscape design. Master Thesis, Bartin University Institute of Science, Landscape Architecture Department, Bartin, 2019.
2. Referans2 Anonim. 2010-2016 Air quality analysis report. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, North Central Anatolia Clean Air Center Directorate, www.kiathm.csb.gov.tr, 2018. Accessed: 04.04.2020.
3. Referans3 Anonim. Bartin 2020-2024 strategic plan. Bartin Municipality, https://bartin.bel.tr/dosyalar/2019/10/B.Belediye-2020-2024-Stratejik-Plan.pdf, 2019. Accessed: 03.04.2020.
4. Referans4 Aytekin I. Investigation of Bartin city and its surrounding ındustrial areas in terms of urban ecology. Master Thesis, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Institute of Science, Landscape Architecture Department, Zonguldak, 2008.
5. Referans5 Ayti S., Polatkan I. Ecological architecture concept and basic principles. International Ecological Architecture and Planning Symposium, 2009, Antalya.
6. Referans6 Cetin M. Using GIS analysis to assess urban green space ın terms of accessibility: case study ın Kutahya, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2015; 22 (5): 420-424.
7. Referans7 Ceylan A. The importance of urban green spaces in increasing the quality of life and their association with urban transformation. Master Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Landscape Architecture, Istanbul, 2007.
8. Referans8 Delikanli NE., Yücedag C., Kapdi A. A preliminary study on noise pollution caused by vehicle traffic in Bartin city. Journal of Engineering and Technology Sciences 2015; 2(2): 21-40.

9. Referans9 Ecocity Builders. International ecocity framework and standards, USA. http://www.ecocitybuilders.org/whatwe-do/ecocity-standards/, 2011. Accessed: 16.09.2020.
10. Referans10 Earth Data. https://search.asf.alaska.edu/, 2020. Accessed: 01.03.2020.
11. Referans11 Earth Explorer. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/, 2020. Accessed: 02.03.2020.
12. Referans12 Earth Sciences. http://yerbilimleri.mta.gov.tr/, 2020. Accessed: 05.03.2020.
13. Referans13 Energy Atlas. https://www.enerjiatlasi.com/gunes/bartin-il-ozel-idaresi-gunes-enerjisi-tesisi, 2020. Accessed: 22.03.2020.
14. Referans14 General Directorate of Meteorology. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=, 2020. Accessed: 08.04.2020.
15. Referans15 Goksu C. Ecocity (Ecological City, Ecocity, Ecotown, Ecopolis). Southern Architecture, Adana, 2011.
16. Referans16 Gormus S., Atmis E., Ozkazanc NK., Günsen HB., Artar M. Ecorouta Bartin: mapping of natural and cultural corridors. Bartin University Publications No: 26, Faculty of Forestry Publications No: 11, Stil Matbaacılık, Istanbul; 2016.
17. Referans17 Haber Turk. https://www.haberturk.com/bartin-haberleri/75273643-bartin-universitesi-yenilenebilir-enerji-ve-enerji-verimliliginde-ilk-5te, 2020. Accessed: 01.04.2020.
18. Referans18 Hepcan ÇC. Green infrastructure solutions to combat climate change in cities, http://www.iklimin.org/egitimmateryalleri/Kent_Ye%C5%9FilAltyap%C4%B1_CCH.pdf, 2019. Accessed: 10.05.2020.
19. Referans19 Isildar GY. 2011 European green capital Hamburg: an analysis of eco-city criteria and performance ındicators. Journal of Social Economic Research 2012; 12(23): 241-262.
20. Referans20 Karayilmazlar AS. Investigation of public spaces in terms of urban ergonomics, Bartin case. Master Thesis, Bartin University Institute of Science, Landscape Architecture Department, Bartin, 2017.
21. Referans21 Kaya F. A Research on determination of recreational tendencies and demands of Bartin urban people. Master Thesis, Ankara University Institute of Science, Landscape Architecture Department, Ankara, 2007.
22. Referans22 Meydan Yıldız SG. Environmental awareness and ecocity planning: An example of Golbasi Special Environmental Protection Area. Doctorate Thesis, Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, 333 p. Ankara, 2016.
23. Referans23 Nami M. Evaluation of ecological design principles in planning studies within the scope of urban transformation: the case of Adana. Master Thesis, Cukurova University Institute of Science, Landscape Architecture Department, 117 p. Adana, 2014.
24. Referans24 Önder S., Polat AT. The place and importance of urban open-green spaces in urban life. Formation and Maintenance Principles of Urban Landscape Areas Seminar, 2012, 19: 73-96.
25. Referans25 Samur DC. The importance of open spaces in sustainable ecological urban settlements and eco park suggested areas in Istanbul: Pendik, Sultangazi and Fatih. Master Thesis, Bahcesehir University Institute of Science, Urban Systems and Transportation Management, 223 p. Istanbul, 2010.
26. Referans26 Talay I., Kaya F., Belkayalı, N. The effect of socio-economic structure on recreational trends and demands: the case of Bartin city. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010; 8(2): 147-156.
27. Referans27 Temur H. Evaluation of Edirne traditional housing architecture in terms of energy efficiency and thermal analysis in the context of sustainability. Master's Thesis, Trakya University Institute of Science, Department of Architecture, p. 92, Edirne, 2011.
28. Referans28 Tosun EK. Ecological Urban Discourse in the Context of Sustainability. AIBU Journal of Social Sciences Institute 2017; 17(4): 169-189.
29. Referans29 Tulu M. The rationality of establishment place selection of companies operating in Bartin Organized Industrial Zone. Master Thesis, Bartin University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Bartin, 2017.
30. Referans30 Tuncer M. Water conservation and natural resource management model on basin: Zonguldak, Bartin, Karabuk provinces. Panel: Looking at Water “Right”, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, 2010.
31. Referans31 Turkiye Population. https://www.nufusu.com/ilce/merkez_bartin-nufusu, 2020. Accessed: 18.03.2020.
32. Referans32 Yilmaz H. Mapping of the biotops of Bartin and its surrounding area, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi, PhD Thesis, 220 p. Zonguldak, 2001.