The Effect of Eggs Obtained from Different Production Systems at Different storage Temperatures on Egg Quality

Öz

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect on egg quality characteristics of storage eggs produced using various egg production systems and at various storage temperatures. The egg production systems used in the study were conventional cages, enriched cages, barn systems, free-range systems (natural vegetation in the outdoor area), and free-range systems (alfalfa in the outdoor area). The study used 500 eggs from the 33-week-old ATAK-S layer genotype. Eggs from various egg production systems were randomly distributed for storage in refrigerators and at room temperature. The egg quality of ten eggs from each group was determined prior to and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days of storage. We investigated egg weight loss, egg specific gravity, eggshell strength, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen pH as indicators of egg quality. In this study, it was discovered that egg production systems did not have a statistically significant impact on egg weight loss, specific gravity, yolk index, or albumen pH during storage, but that storage temperature did have a statistically significant impact (P<0.05). After storage, it was discovered that the quality characteristics of eggs stored in refrigerator conditions were superior to the quality characteristics of eggs stored in room conditions (P<0.05). As a result, it may be preferable to store eggs obtained from various egg production systems in a refrigerator so that their quality characteristics can be preserved for a longer period of time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Conventional cage system
• enriched cage systems
• barn system
• free-range systems
• storage
• egg quality

Farklı Yetiştirme Sistemlerinden Elde Edilen Yumurtaların Farklı Sıcaklıklarda Depolanmasının Yumurta Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı farklı yumurta üretim sistemlerinden üretilen yumurtaların farklı sıcaklıklarda depolamanın yumurta kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada yumurta üretim sistemleri olarak, geleneksel kafes, zenginleştirilmiş kafes, kapalı yer sistemi, serbest dolaşımlı sistem (gezinme alanında doğal vejetasyon) ve serbest dolaşımlı sistem (gezinti alanı yonca bitkili) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada 33 haftalık ATAK-S yumurtacı genotipinden elde edilen toplam 500 adet yumurta kullanılmıştır. Farklı yumurta üretim sistemlerden elde edilen yumurtlar buzdolabı ve oda şartlarında depolanmak üzere rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Depolama öncesi ve depolamanın 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerinde her gruptan 10 adet yumurtada yumurta kalitesi tespit edilmiştir. Yumurta kalite analizleri olarak, yumurta ağırlık kaybı, yumurta özgül ağırlığı, kırılma direnci, Haugh birimi, sarı indeksi ve ak pH’ı incelenmiştir. Depolama süresince yumurta ağırlık kaybı, özgül ağırlık, sarı indeksi ve ak pH’ı üzerine yumurta üretim sistemlerinin önemli bir etkisi olmadığı fakat depolama sıcaklığının önemli bir etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Depolama süresince buzdolabı şartlarında depolanan yumurtaların oda şartlarında depolananlara göre kalite özelliklerini daha iyi durumda olduğu görülmüştür (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, farklı yumurta üretim sitemlerinden elde edilen yumurtaların buzdolabı şartlarında depolanmasının kalite özelliklerini daha uzun süre koruduğu için tercih edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geleneksel kafes sistemi
• zenginleştirilmiş kafes sistemi
• kapalı sistem
• serbest dolaşımlı sistem
• depolama
• yumurta kalitesi

Kaynakça

1. Ahmad MM., Froning G., Mather F., Bashford L. Relationships of egg specific gravity and shell thickness to quasi-static compression tests. Poultry Science 1976; 55(4): 1282-1289.
2. Akarca G., Istek Ö., Tomar O. The effect of resin coating on the quality characteristics of chicken eggs during storage. Journal of Food Science 2021; 86(4): 1243-1257.
3. Akpinar GC., Canogullari S., Baylan M., Alasahan S., Aygun A. The use of propolis extract for the storage of quail eggs. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2015; 24(4): 427-435.
4. Aktan S., Kampus D. Effects of age and storage duration on relationships among albumen quality traits and egg weight in Japanese quails. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2011; 10 (Supplement): 3340 - 3344.
5. Akter Y., Kasim A., Omar H., Sazili AQ. Effect of storage time and temperature on the quality characteristics of chicken eggs. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 2014; 12(3&4): 87-92.
6. Akyurek H., Okur AA. Effect of storage time, temperature and hen age on egg quality in free-range layer hens. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2009; 8(10): 1953-1958.
7. Altan A., Bayraktar H. Kümesler ve donanımları. In: Türkoğlu M, Sarıca M, (eds). Tavukçuluk Bilimi: Yetiştirme Besleme Hastalıklar. Ankara: Bey Ofset 2014; 207-261.
8. Avan T., Alişarlı M. Muhafaza şartlarının yumurtanın fiziksel, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2002; 13: 98-107.

9. Aygun A. The relationship between eggshell colour and egg quality traits in table eggs. Indian Journal of Animal Research 2014; 48(3): 290-294.
10. Aygun A., Narinc D. Effect of storage temperature on egg quality traits in table eggs. Paper presented at: International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences; April 21-23 2016; pp: 1-4, Antalya, Turkey.
11. Aygun A., Sert D. Effects of vacuum packing on eggshell microbial activity and egg quality in table eggs under different storage temperatures. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2013; 93(7): 1626-1632.
12. Aygun A., Yetisir R. The relationships among egg quality characteristic of different hybrid layers to forced molting programs with and without feed withdrawal. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2010; 9(4): 710-715.
13. Ayoola MO., Olufemi AM., Foluke A., Oguntunji A. Relationship of temperature and length of storage on pH of internal contents of chicken table egg in humid tropics. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 2016; 32(3): 285-296.
14. Batkowska J., Brodacki A., Gryzińska M. Effects of laying hen husbandry system and storage on egg quality. European Poultry Science 2016; 80: 1-10.
15. Baylan M., Canogullari S., Ayasan T., Copur G. Effects of dietary selenium source, storage time, and temperature on the quality of quail eggs. Biological Trace Element Research 2011; 143(2): 957-964.
16. Bozkurt Z. Avrupa Birliği’nde etçi ve yumurtacı tavukların refah standartları için yasal gereklilikler ve türkiye’nin uyumu. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi 2017; 6(2): 23-35.
17. Chung SH., Lee K-W. Effect of hen age, storage duration and temperature on egg quality in laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Science 2014; 13(11): 634.
18. Dohnal J., Pospiech M., Kielczewski K., Kowalska H. Studies on egg specific gravity in flocks of white and brown egg layers. Zeszyty Naukowe Drobiarstwa 1988; (5): 67-81.
19. Eroglu M., Baykalir Y., Erisir Z. The effect of different storage period on some egg quality characteristics and ovalbumin levels in goose eggs. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 2021: 699-703.
20. Fidan ED. Avrupa Birliği Kriterlerine uyum sürecinde Türkiye’de yumurtacı tavuk refahına yönelik mevzuatlara genel bir bakış. Animal Health Production and Hygiene 2018; 7(1): 569-575.
21. Funk E. The relation of the yolk index determined in natural position to the yolk index as determined after separating the yolk from the albumen. Poultry Science 1948; 27(3): 367-367.
22. Grover R., Anderson D., Damon Jr R. The correlation between egg shell color and specific gravity as a measure of shell strength. Poultry Science 1980; 59(6): 1335-1336.
23. Güler G., Ayşe Ş., Turgud FK., Tahtabİçen E., Aylin A., Samli HE. Serbest gezen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların propolis ekstraktı ile kaplanmasının raf ömrü ve kalite parametrelerine etkileri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2022; 19(1): 89-100.
24. Harput FN., Aygün A. Otomatik sistem ve el ile toplanan tavuk yumurtalarının farklı sıcaklıklarda depolamanın yumurta kabuk mikrobiyal yükü ve yumurta kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi 2021; 10(1): 37-48.
25. Haugh RR. The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. The US Egg Poultry Magazine 1937; 43: 522-573.
26. Jo C., Ahn D., Liu X., Kim K., Nam K-C. Effects of chitosan coating and storage with dry ice on the freshness and quality of eggs. Poultry Science 2011; 90(2): 467-472.
27. Jones D., Karcher D., Abdo Z. Effect of a commercial housing system on egg quality during extended storage. Poultry Science 2014; 93(5): 1282-1288.
28. Jones D., Ward G., Regmi P., Karcher D. Impact of egg handling and conditions during extended storage on egg quality. Poultry Science 2018; 97(2): 716-723.
29. Kraus A., Zita L., Krunt O. The effect of different housing system on quality parameters of eggs in relationship to the age in brown egg-laying hens. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 2019; 25: 1246-1253.
30. Liu YC., Chen TH., Wu YC., Lee YC., Tan FJ. Effects of egg washing and storage temperature on the quality of eggshell cuticle and eggs. Food Chemistry 2016; 211: 687-693.
31. Martínez Y., Soliz ND., Bejarano M., Paz P., Valdivie M. Effect of storage duration and temperature on daily changes in external and internal egg quality of eggs from Dekalb White® laying hens. European Poultry Science 2021; 85.
32. Miles R., Harms R. Relationship between egg specific gravity and plasma phosphorus from hens fed different dietary calcium, phosphorus, and sodium levels. Poultry Science 1982; 61(1): 175-177.
33. Nordstrom JO., Ousterhout L. Estimation of shell weight and shell thickness from egg specific gravity and egg weight. Poultry Science 1982; 61(10): 1991-1995.
34. Oliveira CH., Boiago MM., Guaragni A. Effects of heat treatments and edible shell coatings on egg quality after storage at room temperature. Food Science and Technology 2020; 40: 344-348.
35. Petek M., Alpay F., Dikmen S., Çavuşoğlu E. Effects of shrink film, extended storage and temperature on external and internal table egg quality. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 2014; 33.
36. Pujols KD., Osorio L., Carrillo EP., Wardy W., Torrico DD., No HK., Corredor JAH., Prinyawiwatkul W. Comparing effects of α‐vs. β‐chitosan coating and emulsion coatings on egg quality during room temperature storage. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2014; 49(5): 1383-1390.
37. Quan TH., Benjakul S. Quality, protease inhibitor and gelling property of duck egg albumen as affected by storage conditions. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55(2): 513-522.
38. Quan TH., Benjakul S. Duck egg albumen: physicochemical and functional properties as affected by storage and processing. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56(3): 1104-1115.
39. Rodríguez-Navarro AB., Domínguez-Gasca N., Muñoz A., Ortega-Huertas M. Change in the chicken eggshell cuticle with hen age and egg freshness. Poultry Science 2013; 92(11): 3026-3035.
40. Samli H., Agma A., Senkoylu N. Effects of storage time and temperature on egg quality in old laying hens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2005; 14(3): 548-553.
41. Sarıca M., Erensayın C. Tavukçuluk Ürünleri. In: Türkoğlu M, Sarıca M, (eds). Tavukçuluk Bilimi Yetiştirme, Besleme ve Hastalıklar. Vol 4: Bey Ofset Matbaacılık 2014; 110-139.
42. Scott T., Silversides FG. The effect of storage and strain of hen on egg quality. Poultry Science 2000; 79(12): 1725-1729.
43. Sharma MK., McDaniel CD., Kiess AS., Loar II RE., Adhikari P. Effect of housing environment and hen strain on egg production and egg quality as well as cloacal and eggshell microbiology in laying hens. Poultry Science 2022; 101(2): 101595.
44. Silversides F., Budgell K. The relationships among measures of egg albumen height, pH, and whipping volume. Poultry Science 2004; 83(10): 1619-1623.
45. Simons PCM. Ultrastructure of the hen eggshell and its physiological interpretation. The Netherlands: Wageningen University and Research; 1971.
46. Strixner T., Kulozik U. Egg proteins. In: Philips GO, Williams PA, (eds). Handbook of food proteins: Woodhead Publishing, Elsevier 2011; 150-209.
47. Suk Y., Kwon J. Effects of egg storage, storage temperature, and insemination of hens on egg quality. Korean Journal of Poultry Science 2004; 31(4): 203-212.
48. Syafiah HN., Purwantini D., Santosa RSS. The effect of tegal and Magelang ducks cross types on production, shell thickness and egg specific gravity. ANGON: Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2021; 3(1): 55-65.
49. Vlčková J., Tůmová E., Míková K., Englmaierová M., Okrouhlá M., Chodová D. Changes in the quality of eggs during storage depending on the housing system and the age of hens. Poultry Science 2019; 98(11): 6187-6193.
50. Wells R. Egg shell strength: 2. The relationship between egg specific gravity and egg shell deformation and their reliability as indicators of shell strength. British Poultry Science 1967; 8(3): 193-199.
51. Wells R. A study of the hen’s egg. Paper presented at: British Egg Marketing Board Symposium, Edinburgh; 1968; pp: 207-249.