Antosiyaninlerin Yapısı, Hücrede Biyosentezi, Etkinlikleri ve Kullanım Alanları

Öz

Antosiyaninler, bitki sekonder metabolitlerinden fenilproponoid yolla sentezlenen fenolik bileşikler sınıfının flavonoid grubuna ait pigmentlerdir. Fenolik bileşikler, diyabet, beyin ve kalp sağlığı, bazı kanserlere karşı yararları olduğu bilinen maddelerdir. Antosiyanin bileşikleri, angiyospermlerin çoğu meyve, sebze ve çiçeğinde somon rengi, pembeden kırmızıya ve menekşeden koyu maviye kadar değişen çoğu rengin ana nedenidir. Antosiyaninler bitkiler için, böcekle tozlaşmayı sağlayan ve tohum dağıtıcılarının ilgisini çeken maddelerdir. Bunun dışında güçlü antioksidan özellikleri vardır. Abiyotik ve biyotik stres etmenlerine karşı koruma sağlarlar. Hücre seviyesinde zincirleme tepkimelere yol açarak hasara neden olan serbest radikalleri üreten oksidasyon sürecini engellemektedir. Sağlık üzerindeki önemli etkileri antosiyaninleri yakın geçmişte ve günümüzde merak edilen, araştırılan bir konu haline getirmiştir. Bu derlemede antosiyaninlerin yapısı, biyosentezi, kullanım alanları geniş kapsamlı olarak sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• antosiyanin
• biyosentez
• sitoloji
• kullanım alanları

Structure of Anthocyanins, Biosynthesis in Cell, Activities and Usage Areas

Öz

Anthocyanins are pigments belonging to the flavonoid group of the class of phenolic compounds synthesized from plant secondary metabolites by the phenylproponoid route. Phenolic compounds are substances known to have benefits against diabetes, brain and heart health, and some cancers. Anthocyanin compounds are the main cause of most colors in most fruits, vegetables and flowers of angiosperms, ranging from salmon to pink to red and violet to deep blue. Anthocyanins are substances for plants that provide insect pollination and attract the attention of seed dispersers. Apart from that, it has strong antioxidant properties. They provide protection against abiotic and biotic stressors. It inhibits the oxidation process that produces free radicals that cause chain reactions at the cell level and cause damage. Its important effects on health have made anthocyanins a curious and researched topic in the recent past and today. In this review, the structure, biosynthesis and usage areas of anthocyanins are presented in a comprehensive manner.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• anthocyanin
• biosynthesis
• cytology
• usage areas

Kaynakça

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